Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T17:14:07.557Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

10 - Case Studies on Cemented Carbide Design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2023

Yong Du ,
Rainer Schmid-Fetzer ,
Jincheng Wang ,
Shuhong Liu ,
Jianchuan Wang  and
Zhanpeng Jin
Yong Du
Affiliation:
Central South University, China
Rainer Schmid-Fetzer
Affiliation:
Clausthal University of Technology, Germany
Jincheng Wang
Affiliation:
Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
Shuhong Liu
Affiliation:
Central South University, China
Jianchuan Wang
Affiliation:
Central South University, China
Zhanpeng Jin
Affiliation:
Central South University, China
Get access

Summary

Chapter 10 starts with category and production processes of cemented carbides. Subsequently, case studies for three cemented carbides are demonstrated. In the case of ultrafine cemented carbide, thermodynamic calculations were utilized to select composition and sintering temperature to avoid segregation of the (Ta,W)C phase. Optimal mechanical properties were obtained via adding VC and Cr3C2 inhibitors and the selected sintering temperature and composition. For WC–Co–Ni–Al cemented carbides, calculated phase diagrams and interfacial energy were employed to optimize the composition of Co–Ni–Al binder phase and sintering temperature. The morphology of WC was controlled through phase-field simulation and microstructure characterization. The best trade-off between transverse rupture strength and Rockwell hardness is obtained accordingly. For gradient cemented carbides, thermodynamic and diffusion calculations were performed to select composition and sintering schedule to provide microstructure parameters. A microstructure-based model was then developed to predict the hardness distribution. This simulation-driven materials design leads to development of these products within three years.

Keywords

Gradient cemented carbideultrafine cemented carbidecomposite binder phasehardnesstransverse rupture strengthtoughnessthermodynamic calculationsdiffusion simulationphase-field simulationmorphology control
Type
Chapter
Information
Computational Design of Engineering Materials
Fundamentals and Case Studies
 , pp. 342 - 369
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bolognini, S., Mari, D., Viatte, T., and Benoit, W. (2001) Fracture toughness of coated TiCN–WC–Co cermets with graded composition. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 19(4), 285–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danzer, R. (1992) A general strength distribution function for brittle materials. Journal of the European Ceramics Society, 10(6), 461–472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engström, A., Höglund, L., and Ågren, J. (1994) Computer simulation of diffusion in multiphase systems. Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A, 25(6), 1127–1134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frykholm, R., Ekroth, M., Jansson, B., Ågren, J., and Andrén, H. O. (2003) A new labyrinth factor for modelling the effect of binder volume fraction on gradient sintering of cemented carbides. Acta Materialia, 51(4), 1115–1121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frykholm, R., Ekroth, M., Jansson, B., Andrén, H. O., and Ågren, J. (2001) Effect of cubic phase composition on gradient zone formation in cemented carbides. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 19(4), 527–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García, J., Ciprés, V. C., Blomqvist, A., and Kaplan, B. (2019) Cemented carbide microstructures: a review. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 80, 40–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, J., and Prat, O. (2011) Experimental investigations and DICTRA simulations on formation of diffusion-controlled Fcc-rich surface layers on cemented carbides. Applied Surface Science, 257(21), 8894–8900.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, R. A., and McCartney, L. N. (1979) A new approach to Weibull’s statistical theory of brittle fracture. International Journal of Fracture, 15(4), 365–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambrigger, M. (1999) Weibull master curves and fracture toughness testing, Part IV, dynamic fracture toughness of ferritic-martensitic steels in the DBTT-range. Journal of Materials Science, 34, 4457–4468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, H., Du, Y., Long, J. Z., et al. (2021) 3D phase field modeling of the morphology of WC grains in WC–Co alloys: the role of interface anisotropy. Computational Materials Science, 196, 110526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, N., Li, X., Zhang, W., and Du, Y. (2020) Relation between the nitrogen gas pressure and structure characteristics of WC–Ti(C,N)–Co graded cemented carbides. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 831, 154764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, N., Zhang, W., Du, Y., Xie, W., Wen, G., and Wang, S. (2015) A new approach to control the segregation of (Ta,W)C cubic phase in ultrafine WC–10Co–0.5Ta cemented carbides. Scripta Materialia, 100, 48–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, N., Zhang, W., Peng, Y., and Du, Y. (2016) Effect of the cubic phase distribution on ultrafine WC–10Co–0.5Cr–xTa cemented carbide. Journal of the American Ceramics Society, 99(3), 1047–1054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y., Zhang, C., Du, C., et al. (2020) CALTPP: a general program to calculate thermophysical properties. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 42, 229–240.Google Scholar
Long, J., Li, K., Chen, F., et al. (2017a) Microstructure evolution of WC grains in WC–Co–Ni–Al alloys: effect of binder phase composition. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 710, 338–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, J., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., et al. (2017b) A new type of WC–Co–Ni–Al cemented carbide: grain size and morphology of -strengthened composite binder phase. Scripta Materialia, 126, 33–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pang, M., Du, Y., Zhang, W.-B., Peng, Y.-B., and Zhou, P. (2021) A simplified hardness model for WC–Co–Cubic cemented carbides. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy B, 57(2), 253–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, Y., Du, Y., Stratmann, M., et al. (2020) Precipitation of in the binder phase of WC–Al–Co–Ni cemented carbide: a phase-field study. CALPHAD, 68, 101717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, Y., Du, Y., Zhou, P., et al. (2014) CSUTDCC1 – a thermodynamic database for multicomponent cemented carbides. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 42, 57–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sato, J., Omori, T., Oikawa, K., Ohnuma, I., Kainuma, R., and Ishida, K. (2006) Cobalt-base high-temperature alloys. Science, 312(5770), 90–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwarzkopf, M., Exner, H. E., Fischmeister, H. F., and Schintlmeister, W. (1988) Kinetics of compositional modification of (W,Ti)C–WC–Co alloy surfaces. Materials Science and Engineering A, 105–106, 225–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tian, H., Chen, J., Zhu, G., Du, Y., and Peng, Y. (2019) Investigation of WC–Co alloy properties based on thermodynamic calculation and Weibull distribution. Materials Science and Technology, 35(18), 2269–2274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turpin, T., Dulcy, J., and Gantois, M. (2005) Carbon diffusion and phase transformations during gas carburizing of high-alloyed stainless steels: experimental study and theoretical modeling. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 36(10), 2751–2760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weibull, W. (1951) A statistical distribution function of wide applicability. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 18(3), 293–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, C., and Du, Y. (2017) A novel thermodynamic model for obtaining solid-liquid interfacial energies. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 48(12), 5766–5770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, W., Du, Y., Chen, W., et al. (2014) CSUDDCC1 – a diffusion database for multicomponent cemented carbides. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 43, 164–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, W., Du, Y., and Peng, Y. (2016) Effect of TaC and NbC addition on the microstructure and hardness in graded cemented carbides: simulations and experiments. Ceramics International, 42(1), 428–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, W. B., Du, Y., Peng, Y., Xie, W., Wen, G., and Wang, S. (2013) Experimental investigation and simulation of the effect of Ti and N contents on the formation of Fcc-free surface layers in WC–Ti(C,N)–Co cemented carbides. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 41, 638–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, W. B., Sha, C. S., Du, Y., Wen, G. H., Xie, W., and Wang, S. Q. (2011) Computer simulations and verification of gradient zone formation in cemented carbides. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 47(10), 1307–1314.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×