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11 - Inhibition, Rumination, and Mood Regulation in Depression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2010

By
Jutta Joormann
Edited by
Randall W. Engle ,
Grzegorz Sedek ,
Ulrich von Hecker  and
Daniel N. McIntosh
Jutta Joormann
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Bldg. 420 Jordan Hall, Room 160, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305
Randall W. Engle
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
Grzegorz Sedek
Affiliation:
Warsaw School of Social Psychology and Polish Academy of Sciences
Ulrich von Hecker
Affiliation:
Cardiff University
Daniel N. McIntosh
Affiliation:
University of Denver
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Summary

The mind seizes hold of something and simply cannot let it go.

– Winston Churchill

Rumination, as described above by Winston Churchill, is a central, debilitating feature of depressive episodes and of other emotional disorders. Rumination means bringing an idea back to mind over and over again. Originally, the word referred to the way cows and certain other animals eat, storing partially digested food in a stomach called a rumen, bringing that food up later to chew over more thoroughly. Even in the original Latin, however, it took on a vivid figurative meaning, describing the practice of bringing an idea back to mind for further work-over. Many of us mull over important matters in this way, digesting them a little at a time. But in depression, rumination becomes less a deliberate practice of thinking but more an involuntary state of mind, featuring negative, self-deprecating statements and pessimistic ideas about the world and the future. To say to a depressed ruminator, “Just stop thinking about it” – whatever the “it” might be – is not very helpful.

Apart from being a debilitating symptom, rumination has also been linked to a heightened vulnerability for recurring depressive episodes and to prolonged depressive episodes. Therefore, a closer analysis of underlying causes and short-term and long-term consequences of this “symptom” of depression might facilitate our understanding of depressive disorders, ultimately leading to refined treatments and effective prevention.

However, a series of important questions on the relation of rumination and depression remains unanswered.

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Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology , pp. 275 - 312
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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