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5 - The Aging of Cognitive Control: Studies of Conflict Processing, Goal Neglect, and Error Monitoring

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2010

By
Robert West  and
Ritvij Bowry
Edited by
Randall W. Engle ,
Grzegorz Sedek ,
Ulrich von Hecker  and
Daniel N. McIntosh
Robert West
Affiliation:
118 Haggar Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
Ritvij Bowry
Affiliation:
118 Haggar Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
Randall W. Engle
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
Grzegorz Sedek
Affiliation:
Warsaw School of Social Psychology and Polish Academy of Sciences
Ulrich von Hecker
Affiliation:
Cardiff University
Daniel N. McIntosh
Affiliation:
University of Denver
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Summary

Over the past two decades, constructs bearing a strong conceptual resemblance to currently popular ideas related to cognitive control or the ability to regulate the information processing system in accordance with the goals of the individual have dominated models of cognitive aging. Hasher and Zacks (1979) argued that age-related declines across various domains of cognition result from reductions in the efficiency of effortful or controlled processes. More recently, these authors refined their position, arguing that age-related declines in the efficiency of inhibitory processes that allow one to modulate the influence of task irrelevant information were one of the primary causes of age-related disruptions in higher order cognition (Hasher & Zacks, 1988). Craik and Byrd (1982) argued that age-related declines in processing resources (i.e., working memory capacity or speed of processing) are largely responsible for age-related declines in cognition. The early paper of Hasher and Zacks (1979) and that of Craik and Byrd (1982) provided the foundation for extensive work during the 1980s and 1990s, demonstrating that many of the effects of age on higher order cognition are mediated by age-related variance in processing resource variables (see Park & Schwartz, 2000; Salthouse, 1996). During the same period, other investigators demonstrated that individual differences in processing resources, such as working memory capacity, were also good predictors of complex cognitive activity including reading and language comprehension in college-aged individuals (for a review see Engle, 1996).

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Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology , pp. 97 - 121
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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