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12 - Aging and Inhibitory Processes in Memory, Attentional, and Motor Tasks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2010

By
Elizabeth A. Maylor ,
Friederike Schlaghecken  and
Derrick G. Watson
Edited by
Randall W. Engle ,
Grzegorz Sedek ,
Ulrich von Hecker  and
Daniel N. McIntosh
Elizabeth A. Maylor
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
Friederike Schlaghecken
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
Derrick G. Watson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
Randall W. Engle
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
Grzegorz Sedek
Affiliation:
Warsaw School of Social Psychology and Polish Academy of Sciences
Ulrich von Hecker
Affiliation:
Cardiff University
Daniel N. McIntosh
Affiliation:
University of Denver
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Summary

The past few years have seen an increasing focus on inhibitory processes in cognition (see Dempster, 1992; Dempster & Brainerd, 1995), especially in their impairment in certain patient populations (e.g., Beech, Powell, McWilliam, & Claridge, 1989; Cohen & Servan-Schreiber, 1992), in their development during childhood (e.g., Harnishfeger, 1995), and in their decline with normal aging (e.g., McDowd, Oseas-Kreger, & Filion, 1995). In this chapter, we briefly describe the inhibition deficit hypothesis of cognitive aging and discuss some logical and methodological issues that have complicated its investigation. We then present three aging studies across the different domains of short-term memory (Maylor & Henson, 2000), visual search (Watson & Maylor, 2002), and motor control (Schlaghecken & Maylor, 2005). In each case, it is argued that inhibitory processes are responsible for the effects of interest, namely, the Ranschburg effect (Crowder, 1968; Jahnke, 1969), the preview benefit in visual search (known as visual marking; Watson & Humphreys, 1997), and the negative compatibility effect (Eimer & Schlaghecken, 1998), respectively. What these three effects have in common is that, at some level, they all occur as a result of inhibitory processes that suppress responses to stimuli that are no longer relevant to current goals. The results show mixed support for the inhibition deficit hypothesis of aging, the current status of which is finally discussed in the light of these and other data.

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Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology , pp. 313 - 345
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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