Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- 28 Acute and Chronic Bronchitis
- 29 Croup, Supraglottitis, and Laryngitis
- 30 Atypical Pneumonia
- 31 Community-Acquired Pneumonia
- 32 Nosocomial Pneumonia
- 33 Aspiration Pneumonia
- 34 Lung Abscess
- 35 Empyema and Bronchopleural Fistula
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
29 - Croup, Supraglottitis, and Laryngitis
from Part V - Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- 28 Acute and Chronic Bronchitis
- 29 Croup, Supraglottitis, and Laryngitis
- 30 Atypical Pneumonia
- 31 Community-Acquired Pneumonia
- 32 Nosocomial Pneumonia
- 33 Aspiration Pneumonia
- 34 Lung Abscess
- 35 Empyema and Bronchopleural Fistula
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
CROUP
Croup is a clinical syndrome characterized by a seal-like barking cough, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, and often some degree of respiratory distress. The term croup is usually used to refer to acute laryngotracheobronchitis. Other crouplike syndromes can include spasmodic croup and bacterial tracheitis (Table 29.1). Other potential infectious causes of stridor include supraglottitis (epiglottitis), peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, and rarely diphtheria, whereas noninfectious etiologies include angioneurotic edema, foreign body obstruction, hemangioma, trauma, neoplasm, subglottic stenosis, or extrinsic compression. Croup is primarily a disease of children between the ages of 1 to 6 with peak incidence between 6 months and 3 years. The parainfluenza viruses (1, 2, and 3) are the most frequent cause with outbreaks occurring predominantly in the winter months. Other occasional causes include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, and adenovirus with rare cases secondary to Mycoplasma, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and herpes simplex virus (HSV). In adults, the causes are also predominantly viral, including reported cases of influenza, parainfluenza, RSV, HSV, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). In either children or adults, most likely secondary bacterial infections with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), staphylococci, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae can be seen.
Croup usually follows a relatively mild upper respiratory infection. Its onset is commonly abrupt and occurs in the late evening and night. Viral infection with associated inflammation of the nasopharynx spreads inferiorly to the respiratory epithelium of the larynx and trachea.
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- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 205 - 210Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008