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Chapter 21 - Pharmacogenomics to Link Genetic Background with Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety

from Section five - Chemical Genomics and Medicine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Mark M. Bouzyk ,
Weining Tang  and
Brian Leyland-Jones
Edited by
Haian Fu
Haian Fu
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
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Summary

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is a rapidly evolving science with the potential to transform the way in which medicines are developed and prescribed. It represents a new era in patient treatment and will enable delivery of medicines in a safer and more efficacious manner. The aim of PGx is to optimize drug therapy with respect to the individual's genetic profile by associating genetic markers (e.g., single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] or gene expression) with the drug's safety or efficacy, thereby heralding the advent of personalized medicine (the right drug for the right person), whereby a drug may be selected or optimized for a specific individual based on his or her genetic characteristics. Recent advances, approaches, technologies, and resources in this field are highlighted in this chapter and interlaced with established and new exemplars.

Definition

Often, the term pharmacogenomics is used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics, and it has proved difficult to define each concisely. However, it is generally accepted that pharmacogenomics takes into account the whole genome in a wide application of genomic technologies used to predict drug efficacy and safety in order to characterize current drugs or discover new drugs while considering genetic variation, whereas PGx is seen as the study of inherited genetic variation that may be associated with different response or adverse events to drugs by assessing typically one or a few candidate genes.

Type
Chapter
Information
Chemical Genomics , pp. 293 - 300
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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