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27 - Near infrared spectroscopy in carotid endarterectomy

from Monitoring the local and distal effects of carotid interventions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 December 2009

By
Pippa G. Al-Rawi  and
Peter J. Kirkpatrick
Edited by
Jonathan Gillard ,
Martin Graves ,
Thomas Hatsukami  and
Chun Yuan
Pippa G. Al-Rawi
Affiliation:
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Peter J. Kirkpatrick
Affiliation:
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Jonathan Gillard
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Martin Graves
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Thomas Hatsukami
Affiliation:
University of Washington
Chun Yuan
Affiliation:
University of Washington
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Summary

Introduction

The use of in vivo tissue near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in humans was first described more than 25 years ago by F. F. Jöbsis (Jöbsis, 1977). The technique is based on the concept that light of wavelengths 680–1000 nm is able to penetrate human tissue and is absorbed by the chromophores oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and cytochrome oxidase. Changes in the detected light levels can therefore represent changes in concentrations of these chromophores. The noninvasive nature of the technique led to its first clinical application for monitoring the cerebral oxygenation status of premature infants (Brazy et al., 1985). Since then it has become an established research tool with numerous applications (Ferrari et al., 1986; Brown et al., 1993; Aldrich et al., 1994; Villringer et al., 1994; Lam et al., 1996; Elwell et al., 1997; Tamura et al., 1997; Nollert et al., 2000; Watanabe et al., 2002; Vernieri et al., 2004).

Whilst its clinical use for monitoring the brain has been well established in neonates, where transillumination is possible due to the thin skull and small dimensions, clinical application of NIRS for monitoring the adult brain has been hampered by the fact that it must be applied in reflectance mode (Young et al., 2000).

Keywords

carotid endarterectomycarotid surgerycerebral ischemianear infrared spectroscopyNIRO 300
Type
Chapter
Information
Carotid Disease
The Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Management
 , pp. 372 - 386
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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References

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