The framework for the legal regulation of cross-border capital flows is critically important yet remains vastly unexplored and undeveloped. The preface introduces the background on the issue and explains how the book aims to fill the void and contribute detailed legal analysis to the ongoing discussion and debate. In contrast with existing literature, this book does not focus on the utility of capital flow management measures (CFMs) but on legal issues of fragmentation and associated problems. Much of the existing literature starts with the premise that members should have an absolute right to maintain CFMs – as a result, over-reading and misinterpreting of provisions is rife. This book has no pre-conceived ideological viewpoint but instead seeks to provide solid analysis on the consistency of CFMs with the trade and investment regimes and to develop a framework to manage and avoid regime conflict in existing and future treaties.