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5.2 - Sleep

from 5 - Neural Circuits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2023

By
Ute Stead  and
Stephen M. Stahl
Edited by
Mary-Ellen Lynall ,
Peter B. Jones  and
Stephen M. Stahl
Mary-Ellen Lynall
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Peter B. Jones
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Stephen M. Stahl
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
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Summary

Sleep is a naturally recurring state of reduced activity and altered consciousness, which is relatively easily reversible [1–3]. While asleep, our awareness and ability to respond to stimuli is decreased. For centuries, sleep was considered a passive state with an unknown function [4]. However, in contrast to outer appearances, sleep is an active brain state with distinct changes in brain wave activity and physiological function, accompanying the different stages of sleep [1–5]. It is only in recent decades that we have started to uncover some of the complex neural systems underlying the regulation of sleep, although many aspects still remain a mystery [4, 6, 7]. In this section we look at the characteristics of sleep and its different stages. This is followed by an outline of the neural circuits involved in regulation of sleep, wakefulness and arousal, and the mechanisms underlying the circadian rhythm. Finally, the effects of sleep deprivation are discussed. Sleep disorders, the role of sleep in psychiatric conditions, and the effects of medication on sleep will be discussed in a later chapter, in Section 9.16.

Type
Chapter
Information
Cambridge Textbook of Neuroscience for Psychiatrists , pp. 129 - 145
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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