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10 - Dark Times

Kurdistan in the Turmoil of the Middle East, 1979–2003

from Part II - Regional Political Developments and the Kurds in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2021

Hamit Bozarslan
Affiliation:
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris
Cengiz Gunes
Affiliation:
The Open University, Milton Keynes
Veli Yadirgi
Affiliation:
School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
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Summary

After the historical cycle which started with the Iranian Revolution and the Iran-Iraq War, all of Kurdistan was affected by war and violence. Between 1979 and 2003, two structural dynamics of the Kurdish conflict, which had determined Kurdish history, have also been radicalized and militarized: the centrifugal one tearing apart the Kurdish space along the line of the state borders, linguistic and sectarian zones, partisan traditions and political cultures, and centripetal one unifying it across these many borders under the idea and ideal of ‘Kurdishness’ and by many forms of pacific or armed mobility. This tension was not an easy one to bear, but it has been managed, although at a high cost. The 1980s (and as far as Turkey is concerned 1990s) have probably constituted the darkest period of the Kurdish history with a rough estimation of Kurdish victims, namely, civilians, reaching some 200,000 people. By the beginning of the 2000s, however, Kurds’ survival as a part of Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Syria and thus, in the trans-frontier Kurdistan, seemed to be out of any major threat.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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  • Dark Times
  • Edited by Hamit Bozarslan, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, Cengiz Gunes, The Open University, Milton Keynes, Veli Yadirgi, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Kurds
  • Online publication: 13 April 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108623711.011
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  • Dark Times
  • Edited by Hamit Bozarslan, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, Cengiz Gunes, The Open University, Milton Keynes, Veli Yadirgi, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Kurds
  • Online publication: 13 April 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108623711.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Dark Times
  • Edited by Hamit Bozarslan, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, Cengiz Gunes, The Open University, Milton Keynes, Veli Yadirgi, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Kurds
  • Online publication: 13 April 2021
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108623711.011
Available formats
×