Book contents
- The Cambridge History of the American Civil War
- The Cambridge History of the American Civil War
- The Cambridge History of the American Civil War
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors to Volume II
- Note on the Text
- Part I Causes
- Part II Managing the War
- Part III The Global War
- Part IV Politics
- Index
- References
Part II - Managing the War
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 October 2019
Edited by
Book contents
- The Cambridge History of the American Civil War
- The Cambridge History of the American Civil War
- The Cambridge History of the American Civil War
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors to Volume II
- Note on the Text
- Part I Causes
- Part II Managing the War
- Part III The Global War
- Part IV Politics
- Index
- References
Summary
The current method of differentiating levels of war did not exist during the Civil War. Most Civil War leaders only looked at the prospective battle (tactical issues), not at how each individual engagement fitted into a campaign (the operational level of war), and how this related to the nation’s military strategy (the methods for prosecuting it). Some tout a supposed awareness of the teachings of Baron Antoine-Henri Jomini’s Art of War among Civil War leaders, but all that can be proven is this work’s influence upon certain generals such as the Union’s Henry Wager Halleck and the Confederacy’s Pierre G. T. Beauregard.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge History of the American Civil War , pp. 63 - 316Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
Key Works
Crist, Lynda Lasswell, Dix, Mary Seaton, and Williams, Kenneth H. (eds.). The Papers of Jefferson Davis, 14 vols. (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1979–2015).Google Scholar
Dowdey, Clifford and Manarin, Louis H. (eds.). The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee (New York: Bramhall House, 1961).Google Scholar
Griffith, Paddy Battle Tactics of the Civil War (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Hattaway, Herman and Jones, Archer. How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1983).Google Scholar
Marszalek, John F. Commander of All Lincoln’s Armies: A Life of General Henry Wager Halleck (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2004).Google Scholar
McWhiney, Grady Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat (1969; reprinted Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1991).Google Scholar
Oliver, Phillip (ed.). The Civil War CD-ROM ( Carmel, IN: Guild Press of Indiana, 1996–2000).Google Scholar
Sears, Stephen W. (ed.). The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan: Selected Correspondence, 1860–1865 (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1989).Google Scholar
Stoker, Donald The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Stoker, Donald “The Myth of the Confederate ‘Offensive–Defensive’ Strategy,” North & South, vol. 13, no. 3 (September 2011): 48–54.Google Scholar
Stoker, Donald “There Was No Offensive–Defensive Confederate Strategy,” Journal of Military History, vol. 73, no. 2 (April 2009): 571–90, 608–10.Google Scholar
Symonds, Craig L. Joseph E. Johnston: A Civil War Biography (New York: W. W. Norton, 1992).Google Scholar
United States Navy Department. The Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, 30 vols. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1894–1922).Google Scholar
United States War Department. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 127 vols., index, and atlas (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1880–1901)Google Scholar
Woodworth, Steven E. Jefferson Davis and his Generals: The Failure of Confederate Command in the West (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1990).Google Scholar
Key Works
Bledsoe, Andrew S. Citizen-Officers: The Union and Confederate Volunteer Junior Officer Corps in the American Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Goss, Thomas J. The War Within the Union High Command: Politics and Generalship During the Civil War (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2004).Google Scholar
Grant, Ulysses S. Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant, 2 vols. (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1885).Google Scholar
Hattaway, Herman and Jones, Archer, How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1983).Google Scholar
Rafuse, Ethan S. (ed.). Corps Commanders in Blue: Union Major Generals in the Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Ritter, Charles F. and Wakelyn, Jon L. (eds.). Leaders of the American Civil War: A Biographical and Historiographical Dictionary (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1998).Google Scholar
Sears, Stephen W. Lincoln’s Lieutenants: The High Command of the Army of the Potomac (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2017).Google Scholar
Skelton, William B. An American Profession of Arms: The Army Officer Corps, 1784–1861 (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1992).Google Scholar
Symonds, Craig L. Lincoln and His Admirals: Abraham Lincoln, The U.S. Navy and the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Taaffe., Stephen R. Commanding Lincoln’s Navy: Union Naval Leadership During the Civil War (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1964).Google Scholar
Woodworth, Steven E. (ed.). Grant’s Lieutenants: From Cairo to Vicksburg (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2001).Google Scholar
Woodworth, Steven E. (ed.). Grant’s Lieutenants: From Chattanooga to Appomattox (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2008).Google Scholar
Work, David Lincoln’s Political Generals (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Key Works
Thomas Lawrence, Connelly. Army of the Heartland: The Army of Tennessee, 1861–1862 (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1967).Google Scholar
Thomas Lawrence, Connelly Autumn of Glory: The Army of Tennessee, 1862–1865 (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1971).Google Scholar
Davis, William C. Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour (New York: HarperCollins, 1991).Google Scholar
Hattaway, Herman and Beringer, Richard E.. Jefferson Davis, Confederate President (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2002).Google Scholar
McMurry, Richard John Bell Hood and the War for Southern Independence (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1982).Google Scholar
McWhiney, Grady Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat, vol. i (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969).Google Scholar
McWhiney, Grady and Hallock, Judith Lee. Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat, vol. ii (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991).Google Scholar
Parks, Joseph H. General Leonidas Polk, C.S.A.: The Fighting Bishop (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1960).Google Scholar
Roland, Charles P. Albert Sidney Johnston: Soldier of Three Republics (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1964).Google Scholar
Symonds, Craig L. Joseph E. Johnston: A Civil War Biography ( New York: W. W. Norton, 1992).Google Scholar
Williams, T. Harry P. G. T. Beauregard: Napoleon in Gray (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1955).Google Scholar
Woodworth, Steven E. Jefferson Davis and His Generals: The Failure of Confederate Command in the West (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1990).Google Scholar
Woodworth, Steven E. Davis and Lee at War (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1995).Google Scholar
Key Works
Blondheim, Menahem. News over the Wires: The Telegraph and the Flow of Public Information in America, 1844–1897 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Clark, John E. Railroads in the Civil War: The Impact of Management on Victory and Defeat (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Hackemer, Kurt. The U.S. Navy and the Origins of the Military-Industrial Complex, 1847–1883 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Hess, Earl J. The Rifle Musket in Civil War Combat: Reality and Myth (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2008).Google Scholar
Luvaas, Jay. The Military Legacy of the Civil War: The European Inheritance (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1959).Google Scholar
Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1964).Google Scholar
Mindell, David A. War, Technology, and Experience Aboard the USS Monitor (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Perry, Milton F. Infernal Machines: The Story of Confederate Submarine and Mine Warfare (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1965).Google Scholar
Ratner, Lorman A. and Teeter, Dwight L. Jr. Fanatics and Fire-Eaters: Newspapers and the Coming of the Civil War (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2003).Google Scholar
Smith, Mark A. Engineering Security: The Corps of Engineers and Third System Defense Policy, 1815–1861 (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Smith, Mark M. Mastered by the Clock: Time, Slavery, and Freedom in the American South (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Taylor, George Rogers. The Transportation Revolution, 1815–1860 (New York: Rinehart, 1951).Google Scholar
Thomas, William G. The Iron Way: Railroads, the Civil War, and the Making of Modern America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Thompson, Robert Luther. Wiring a Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States, 1832–1866 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1947).Google Scholar
Thompson, W. Fletcher Jr. The Image of War: The Pictorial Reporting of the American Civil War (New York: A. S. Barnes. 1960).Google Scholar
Wells, Cheryl A. Civil War Time: Temporality and Identity in America, 1861–1865 (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Wheeler, Tom. Mr. Lincoln’s T-Mails: The Untold Story of How Abraham Lincoln Used the Telegraph to Win the Civil War (New York: HarperCollins, 2006).Google Scholar
Zeller, Bob. The Blue and Gray in Black and White: A History of Civil War Photography (Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2005).Google Scholar
Key Works
Bunch, Jack A. Military Justice in the Confederate State Armies (Shippensburg, PA: White Mane, 2000).Google Scholar
Foote, Lorien. The Gentlemen and the Roughs: Manhood, Honor and Violence in the Union Army (New York: New York University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Hess, Earl. The Union Soldier in Combat: Enduring the Ordeal of Combat (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1997).Google Scholar
Linderman, Gerald. Embattled Courage: The Experience of Combat in the American Civil War (New York: Free Press, 1987).Google Scholar
McPherson, James. For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Mitchell, Reid. Civil War Soldiers: Their Expectations and Their Experiences (New York: Viking, 1988).Google Scholar
Mitchell, Reid. The Vacant Chair: The Northern Soldier Leaves Home (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Ramold, Steven J. Baring the Iron Hand: Discipline in the Union Army (Dekalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Robertson, James I. Jr. Soldiers Blue and Gray (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Weitz, Mark. More Damning than Slaughter: Desertion in the Confederate Army (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Wiley, Bell Irvin. The Life of Billy Yank: the Common Soldiers of the Union (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1952).Google Scholar
Wiley, Bell Irvin. The Life of Johnny Reb: The Common Soldier of the Confederacy (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1943).Google Scholar
Key Works
Ball, Douglas B. Financial Failure and Confederate Defeat (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1991).Google Scholar
Barreyre, Nicolas. Gold and Freedom: The Political Economy of Reconstruction (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Bensel, Richard Franklin. Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1859–1877 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990).Google Scholar
Caires, Michael. “The Greenback Union: The Politics and Law of American Money in the Civil War Era” (PhD dissertation, University of Virginia, 2014).Google Scholar
Gische, David. “New York City Banks and the Development of the National Banking System, 1860–1870,” American Journal of Legal History, vol. 23, no. 1 (January 1979): 21–67.Google Scholar
Hammond, Bray. Sovereignty and an Empty Purse: Banks and Politics in the Civil War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970).Google Scholar
Larson, Henrietta M. Jay Cooke: Private Banker (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1932).Google Scholar
Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxton. Jay Cooke: Financier of the Civil War, 2 vols. (Philadelphia: G. W. Jacobs, 1907).Google Scholar
Richardson, Heather Cox. The Greatest Nation of the Earth: Republican Economic Policies during the Civil War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Sexton, Jay. Debtor Diplomacy: Finance and American Foreign Relations in the Civil War Era, 1837–1873 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Thomson, David K. “‘Like a Cord Through the Whole Country’: Union Bonds and Financial Mobilization for Victory,” Journal of the Civil War Era, vol. 6, no. 3 (September 2016): 347–75.Google Scholar
Todd, Richard Cecil. Confederate Finance (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1954).Google Scholar
Weidenmier, Max. “Turning Points in the US Civil War: Views from the Grayback Market,” Southern Economic Journal, vol. 68, no. 4 (April 2002): 875–90.Google Scholar
Willard, , Kristen, Timothy Guinnane, and Rosen, Harvey. “Turning Points in the Civil War: Views from the Greenback Market,” Southern Economic Journal, vol. 86, no. 4 (1996): 1001–18.Google Scholar
Key Works
Astor, Aaron. Rebels on the Border: Civil War, Emancipation, and the Reconstruction of Kentucky and Missouri (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Beilein, Joseph M. Jr., Bushwhackers: Guerrilla Warfare, Manhood, and the Household in Civil War Missouri (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Bynum, Victoria E. The Free State of Jones: Mississippi’s Longest Civil War (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Fellman, Michael. In the Name of God and Country: Reconsidering Terrorism in American History (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Freehling, William W. The South vs. The South: How Anti-Confederate Southerners Shaped the Course of the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Geiger, Mark W. Financial Fraud and Guerrilla Violence in Missouri’s Civil War (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Grimsley, Mark. The Hard Hand of War: Union Military Policy Toward Southern Civilians (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Inscoe, John and Kenzer, Robert (eds.). Enemies of the Country: New Perspectives on Unionists in the Civil War South (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Lieber, Francis H. Guerrilla Parties: Considered with the Reference to the Laws and Usages of War (New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1862).Google Scholar
Mackey, Robert R. The Uncivil War: Irregular Warfare in the Upper South, 1861–1865 (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2004).Google Scholar
McCaslin, Richard. Tainted Breeze: The Great Hanging at Gainesville, Texas, 1862 (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1994).Google Scholar
McKnight., Brian D. Confederate Outlaw: Champ Ferguson and the Civil War in Appalachia (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2011).Google Scholar
McKnight, Brian D. and Myers, Barton A.. The Guerrilla Hunters: Irregular Conflicts During the Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Myers, Barton. Executing Daniel Bright: Race, Loyalty, and Guerrilla Violence in a Coastal Carolina Community, 1861–1865 (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Myers, Barton. Rebels Against the Confederacy: North Carolina’s Unionists (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Paludan, Phillip Shaw. Victims: A True Story of the Civil War (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1981).Google Scholar
Sutherland, Daniel E. A Savage Conflict: The Decisive Role of Guerrillas in the American Civil War (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Wills, Brian Steel. A Battle From the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest (New York: HarperCollins, 1992).Google Scholar
Witt, John Fabian. Lincoln’s Code: The Laws of War in American History (New York: Free Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Key Works
Ash, Stephen V. When the Yankees Came: Chaos and Conflict in the Occupied South, 1861–1865 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Capers, Gerald M. Occupied City: New Orleans Under the Federals, 1862–1865 (Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 1965).Google Scholar
Duncan, Richard R. Beleaguered Winchester: A Virginia Community at War, 1861–1865 (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Maslowski, Peter. Treason Must Be Made Odious: Military Occupation and Wartime Reconstruction in Nashville, Tennessee, 1862–65 (Millwood, NY: KTO Press, 1978).Google Scholar
LeeAnn, Whites, and Long, Alecia P. (eds.). Occupied Women: Gender, Military Occupation, and the American Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Key Works
Childress, James. “Francis Lieber’s Interpretation of the Law of War: General Orders No. 100 in the Context of his Life and Thought,” American Journal of Jurisprudence, vol. 21, no. 1 (January 1976): 34–70.Google Scholar
Dilbeck, D. H. A More Civil War: How the Union Waged a Just War (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Freidel, Frank. Francis Lieber: Nineteenth-Century Liberal (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1947).Google Scholar
Grimsley, Mark. The Hard Hand of War: Union Military Policy toward Southern Civilians, 1861–1865 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Hartigan, Richard Shelly. Lieber’s Code and the Law of War (Chicago: Precedent, 1983).Google Scholar
Hsieh, Wayne Wei-siang. “Total War and the American Civil War Reconsidered: The End of an Outdated ‘Master Narrative,’” Journal of the Civil War Era, vol. 1, no. 3 (September 2011): 394–408.Google Scholar
McPherson, James M. “From Limited to Total War, 1861–1865,” in Drawn with the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 66–86.Google Scholar
Neely, Mark E. The Civil War and the Limits of Destruction (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Neff, Stephen C. Justice in Blue and Gray: A Legal History of the Civil War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. The Calculus of Violence: How Americans Fought the Civil War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Witt, John Fabian. Lincoln’s Code: The Laws of War in American History (New York: Free Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Key Works
Bell, Andrew McIlwaine. Mosquito Soldiers: Malaria, Yellow Fever, and the Course of the American Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Brady, Lisa M. War Upon the Land: Military Strategy and the Destruction of Southern Landscapes During the American Civil War (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Brady, Lisa M. and Silver, Timothy. “Nature as Material Culture: Antietam National Battlefield,” in Cashin, Joan E. (ed.), War Matters: Material Culture in the Civil War Era (Durham, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2018), pp. 53–74.Google Scholar
Cashin, Joan E. War Stuff: The Struggle for Human and Environmental Resources in the American Civil War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Dean, Adam Wesley. An Agrarian Republic: Farming, Antislavery Politics, and Nature Parks in the Civil War Era (Durham, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Drake, Brian Allen (ed.). The Blue, the Gray, and the Green: Toward an Environmental History of the Civil War (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Fiege, Mark. “Gettysburg and the Organic Nature of the American Civil War,” in Tucker, Richard P. and Russell, Edmund (eds.), Natural Enemy, Natural Ally: Toward an Environmental History of War (Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press, 2004), pp. 93–109.Google Scholar
Kirby, Jack Temple. “The American Civil War: An Environmental View,” National Humanities Center, http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntuseland/essays/amcwarb.htm.Google Scholar
Mauldin, Erin Stewart. Unredeemed Land: An Environmental History of the Civil War and Emancipation in the Cotton South (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Meier, Kathryn Shively. Nature’s Civil War: Common Soldiers and the Environment in 1862 Virginia (Durham, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Nelson, Megan Kate. Ruin Nation: Destruction in the American Civil War (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Steinberg, Ted. “The Great Food Fight,” in Down to Earth: Nature’s Role in American History, 2nd edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp.89–98.Google Scholar
Stith, Matthew M. Extreme Civil War: Guerrilla Warfare, Environment, and Race on the Trans-Mississippi Frontier (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Taylor, Amy Murrell. “How a Cold Snap in Kentucky Led to Freedom for Thousands: An Environmental Story of Emancipation,” in Berry, Stephen (ed.), Weirding the War: Stories from the Civil War’s Ragged Edges (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2011), pp. 191–214.Google Scholar
Key Works
Adams, George Worthington. Doctors in Blue: The Medical History of the Union Army in the Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1952).Google Scholar
Bollet, Alfred. Civil War Medicine: Challenges and Triumphs (Tucson, AZ: Galen Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Burnham, John C. Healthcare in America: A History (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Bynum, W. F. Science and the Practice of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Cunningham, H. H. Doctors in Gray: The Confederate Medical Service (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1958).Google Scholar
Devine, Shauna. Learning from the Wounded: The Civil War and the Rise of American Science (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2014).Google Scholar
Flannery, Michael. Civil War Pharmacy: A History (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Green, Carol C. Chimborazo: The Confederacy’s Largest Hospital (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Humphreys, Margaret. Marrow of Tragedy: The Health Crisis of the American Civil War (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Rothstein, William. American Physicians in the 19th Century: From Sects to Science (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985).Google Scholar
Sappol, Michael. A Traffic of Dead Bodies: Anatomy and Embodied Social Identity in Nineteenth-Century America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Stowe, Steven. Doctoring the South: Southern Physicians and Everyday Medicine in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century South(Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Tomes, Nancy. The Gospel of Germs: Men, Women and the Microbe in American Life (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998).Google Scholar
Warner, John Harley. Against the Spirit of the System: The French Impulse in Nineteenth-Century American Medicine (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998).Google Scholar
Key Works
Cloyd, Benjamin G. Haunted by Atrocity: Civil War Prisons in American Memory (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Foote, Lorien. The Yankee Plague: Escaped Union Prisoners and the Collapse of the Confederacy (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Futch, Ovid. History of Andersonville Prison (Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 1968).Google Scholar
Gillispie, James M. Andersonvilles of the North: The Myths and Realities of Northern Treatment of Civil War Confederate Prisoners (Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Gray, Michael P. The Business of Captivity: Elmira and Its Civil War Prison (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Hesseltine, William Best. Civil War Prisons: A Study in War Psychology (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1964).Google Scholar
Marvel, William. Andersonville: The Last Depot (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1994).Google Scholar
McAdams, Benton. Rebels at Rock Island: The Story of a Civil War Prison (DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Pickenpaugh, Roger. Camp Chase and the Evolution of Union Prison Policy (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Pickenpaugh, Roger Captives in Gray: The Civil War Prisons of the Union (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Pickenpaugh, Roger Captives in Blue: The Civil War Prisons of the Confederacy (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Sanders, Charles W. Jr. While in the Hands of the Enemy: Military Prisons of the Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Springer, Paul J. and Glenn, Robins. Transforming Civil War Prisons: Lincoln, Lieber, and the Politics of Captivity (New York: Routledge, 2015).Google Scholar