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28 - Josephus (ce 37–c. 100)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
L. Feldman
Edited by
William Horbury ,
W. D. Davies  and
John Sturdy
L. Feldman
Affiliation:
Yeshiva University
William Horbury
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
W. D. Davies
Affiliation:
Duke University, North Carolina
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Summary

LIFE

Few scholars have been neutral in their judgement of the life of Josephus. In the nineteenth century there was an almost unanimous condemnation of him by Jews and Christians alike, a major exception being the Jewish scholar Hamburger, who regarded Josephus' own steadfast adherence to Judaism and his able literary defence of its tenets as providing sufficient ground for pardoning his supposed wrongs to the Jewish people.

Aside from Josephus' own autobiography and the references to his career in the Jewish War, the sources for his life are slight. Among pagan writers Suetonius (Vespasian 5.6), Appian (fragment 17) and Dio Cassius (lxvi.1) mention Josephus' prediction that Vespasian would become emperor; and Porphyry (De abstinentia et esu animalium iv.11) cites Josephus' discussion of the three philosophical schools. Perhaps the silence of the Talmud about him is due to the fact that he was an ‘outsider’, though Brüll has attempted to find a hidden reference to him in a minor Talmudic tractate (Der. Er. Rab. 5, Pirke Ben Azzai 3) which mentions a visit of several sages to a nameless (to be sure, pagan) philosopher in Rome seeking his intercession with the Emperor Domitian.

We know nothing of Josephus' life until the age of fourteen, when, according to Josephus (Vita 8), the chief priests and leaders of the city of Jerusalem constantly resorted to him for information concerning the laws. This is, however, a traditional motif in biographies, as we see, for example, in Luke 2:46–7.

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The Cambridge History of Judaism , pp. 901 - 921
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1999

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