The origins of the papal chapel begins with the end of the Great Schism in 1417, as the papacy institution developed for the popes in Avignon was adapted to the new circumstances of life in the Vatican. This chapter concentrates on the institution as it existed at the end of the fifteenth century. Study of the papal chapel as an institution in the fifteenth century is hampered by the loss of all the internal documents of the chapel for that period. Sometime in the late fifteenth century or the early sixteenth, the papal master of ceremonies, Johannes Burckard, made sets of notes about the organization and personnel of the papal chapel. The mixture of history and wishful thinking is to be seen in Burckard's placing the sacristan above the maestro di cappella and his placement of the masters of ceremonies immediately after the maestro.