Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-03T17:03:23.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - Literacy, society and education

from 1 - Modes and means of literary production, circulation and reception

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
Kenneth Charlton  and
Margaret Spufford
Edited by
David Loewenstein  and
Janel Mueller
David Loewenstein
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Janel Mueller
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Get access

Summary

The rudiments

In 1607, Christopher Meade, gentleman, and steward of the manor court of Little Gransden in Cambridgeshire, appeared in the Court of Exchequer to give evidence in a suit concerning the size and whereabouts of the demesne and the yardland in Gransden. The purchasers of this former episcopal manor could not, in a fashion not unknown elsewhere amongst this batch of episcopal sales, find their purchase, which had been farmed by the tenants since the fourteenth century. Christopher Meade was an antiquarian of considerable skill and resourcefulness, for he had searched the thirteenth-century episcopal surveys of Gransden, and the medieval reeves’ accounts, and then tied the documents to surviving earthworks to reconstruct the layout of the demesne. It is the first record known to us of a local historian ‘getting mud on his boots’ and doing some fieldwork. Meade, however, had a considerable advantage: he had been to school in the 1570s or 1580s in the chancel of Little Gransden church with a very mixed group of the other witnesses, who, as children, had been schoolfellows. These children had talked about the rumour that houses had once stood in the Bury Close, and played over the surviving tell-tale earth-works. So Meade’s gentry status did not prevent his learning the ‘rudiments’ along with other village children in the church chancel.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of Early Modern English Literature , pp. 13 - 54
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albans, StCarlisle, N., A Concise Description of the Endowed Schools of England and Wales, 2 vols. (London: Baldwin, Craddock and Joy, 1810),1:.Google Scholar
Allen, C. G., ‘The Sources of Lily’s Grammar: A Review of the Facts and Some Further Suggestions’, The Library, 5th ser., 9 (1954).Google Scholar
Ascham, R[oger], The Scholemaster, London: John Daye, 1570. 8th edn, 1589. Mod. edn, The Schoolmaster (1570), ed. Ryan, Lawrence V., Charlottesville, VA: The University Press of Virginia for Folger Shakespeare Library, 1967.Google Scholar
Aston, Margaret, Lollards and Reformers: Images and Literacy in Late Medieval Religion, London: Hambledon Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Baxter, Richard, The Autobiography of Richard Baxter, ed. Keeble, N. H., London: Dent, 1974.Google Scholar
Becon, Thomas, The Worckes of Thomas Becon, whiche he hath hyther to made and published, Vol. 1, London: John Daye, 1564. Mod. edn, The Early Works of Thomas Becon, ed. Ayre, J., Parker Society, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, 1843.Google Scholar
Boate, Arnold, The Character of a Trulie Vertuous Woman…Mistris Margaret Dungan, Wife to Dr Arnold Boate, Paris: for the author, 1651.Google Scholar
Bolgar, R. R., The Classical Heritage and its Beneficiaries, Cambridge University Press, 1954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borde, Andrew, The breuiary of helthe, for all maner of sycknesses and diseases, London: W. Myddelton, 1547. 5th edn, 1598.Google Scholar
Bowden, Caroline, ‘“For the Glory of God”: A Study of the Education of English Catholic Women in Convents in Flanders and France in the First Half of the Seventeenth Century’, Paedagogica Historica, Supplementary Series, 5, University of Ghent: Centre for the Study of Historical Pedagogy, 1999.Google Scholar
Brathwait, Richard, Whimzies: or, A New Cast of Characters, London: F. K[ingston], 1631.Google Scholar
Breach, W. B., ‘William Holland, Alderman of Chichester and Steyning Grammar School’, Sussex Archaeological Collections 43 (1990)Google Scholar
Briggs, Katherine, A Dictionary of English Folk Tales, 2 vols., London: Routledge, 1970–1.Google Scholar
Brinsley, John, Ludus Literarius; or, the grammar schoole. Intended for the helping of the younger sort of teachers, and of all schollars, London: H. Lownes for T. Man, 1612. 10th edn, 1639.Google Scholar
Buck, George Sir as The Third Universitie of England (London, 1612)Google Scholar
Bullinger, Heinrich (Henry), The christen state of matrimonie: the orygenall of holy wedlok, trans. Coverdale, M., [Antwerp: M. Crom, 1541].Google Scholar
Bunyan, John, A Few Sighs from Hell, or, The Groans of A Damned Soul, London: R. Wood for M. Wright, 1658. 10th edn, 1700.Google Scholar
C[leaver], R[obert], A Godlie Forme of Householde Government, for the Ordering of Private Families, According to the Direction of Gods Word, London: T. Creede for T. Man, 1598. 4th enlarged edn, subtitled First, gathered by R. C. And now newly perused, amended, and augmented, by J. Dod, and R. Clever, London: for T. Man and G. Norton, 1610. 8th edn, 1630.Google Scholar
Capp, Bernard, English Almanacs, 1500–1800: Astrology and the Popular Press, London: Faber, 1979.Google Scholar
Cass, F. C., ‘Queen Elizabeth School at Chipping Barnet 1570–1665’, Transactions of London and Middlesex Archaeological Society 5 (1876)Google Scholar
Charlton, Kenneth, Education in Renaissance England, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965.Google Scholar
Charlton, Kenneth, ‘“False Fonde Bookes, Ballades and Rimes”: An Aspect of Informal Education in Early Modern England’, History of Education Quarterly, 27 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlton, Kenneth, Women, Religion and Education in Early Modern England, London: Routledge, 1999.Google Scholar
Chubb, T., The Posthumous Works of Mr Thomas Chubb … To the whole is prefixed, some account of the author, written by himself … (London, 1748).Google Scholar
Clark, Peter, English Provincial Society from the Reformation to the Revolution (Hassocks: Harvester Press, 1977) –3.Google Scholar
Clarke, P., ‘The Ownership of Books in England 1540–1640. The Example of Some Kentish Townsfolk’, in Stone, Lawrence (ed.), Schooling and Society. Studies in the History of Education, Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Clarke, Samuel, of Fink, St Bennet, The Lives of Sundry Eminent Persons, London: for T. Simmons, 1683.Google Scholar
Clifford, Anne, The Diary of Anne Clifford, 1616–1619. A Critical Edition, ed. Acheson, Katherine O., New York: Garland, 1995.Google Scholar
Collinges, J., Par Nobile. Two Treatises at the Funeralls of Lady Frances Hobart and … Lady Katherine Courten (London, 1669).Google Scholar
Collinson, Patrick, The Birthpangs of Protestant England: Religious and Cultural Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Basingstoke: Macmillan, and New York: St Martin’s, 1988.Google Scholar
Collinson, Patrick, The Religion of Protestants: The Church in English Society, 1559–1625, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Cotterell, Charles (trans.), [Gualtier de Coste, seigneur de La Calprenède,] Cassandra. A Romance, London: for H. Moseley, 1652. 7th edn, 1676.Google Scholar
Crane, D., ‘English Translations of the Imitatio Christi in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries’, Recusant History, 13 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cressy, David, ‘Educational Opportunity in Tudor and Stuart England’, History of Education Quarterly, 16 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cressy, David, Literacy and the Social Order: Reading and Writing in Tudor and Stuart England, Cambridge University Press, 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dallaway, J., Inquiries into the Origins and Progress of the Science of Heraldry (Gloucester, 1793).Google Scholar
Daniellson, B., John Hart’s Works on English Orthography and Pronunciation, Stockholm Studies in English, 5, Stockholm: Almqvist, 1955.Google Scholar
Dekker, T., Gull’s Hornbook (London, 1609), ch. 6.Google Scholar
Delaval, Elizabeth, The Meditations of Lady Elizabeth Delaval Written Between 1662 and 1671, ed. Douglas, G. Greene, Publications of the Surtees Society, 190, Gateshead, Northumbria: Northumberland Press, 1978.Google Scholar
Dickins, B., ‘Henry Gostling’s Library: A Young Don’s Books in 1674’, Transactions of Cambridge Bibliographical Society, 3 (1961).Google Scholar
Donne, John, Sermons of John Donne, ed. Potter, George R. and Simpson, Evelyn M., 10 vols., Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1953–62.Google Scholar
Duffy, Eamon, ‘The Godly and the Multitude in Stuart England’, The Seventeenth Century, 1 (1986).Google Scholar
Erickson, Amy Louise, Women and Property in Early Modern England, London and New York: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar
Evans, Rhys, An Eccho to The voice from heaven. Or a narration of the life, and manner of the special calling, and visions of Arise Evans, London: for the author, 1652.Google Scholar
Evelyn, John, Diary, ed. de Beer, E. S., 6 vols., London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1959. Ed. Bédoyère, Guy, Woodbridge, Suffolk, and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Feingold, M., ‘Jordan Revisited: Patterns of Charitable Giving in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century England’, History of Education, 8 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feingold, M., The Mathematicians’ Apprenticeship: Science, Universities and Society in England, 1560–1640, Cambridge University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Flynn, V. J., ‘The Grammatical Writings of William Lily, 1468–?1523’, Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 37 (1943).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, Adam, ‘Custom, Memory and the Authority of Writing’, in Griffiths, Paul, Fox, Adam and Hindle, Steve (eds.), The Experience of Authority in Early Modern England, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996.Google Scholar
Fox, Adam, Oral and Literate Culture in England, 1500–1700, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Frere, W. H. and Kennedy, W. P. M. (eds.), Visitation Articles and Injunctions of the Period of the Reformation, 3 vols., London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1910.Google Scholar
Gascoigne, John, Science, Politics and Universities in Europe, 1600–1800, Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.Google Scholar
George, N. E. and George, S., Guide to the Probate Inventories of the BristolDeanery of the Diocese of Bristol (1542–1804) (Bristol Record Society, 1988), p..Google Scholar
Gibson, S. (ed.), Statuta Antiqua Universitatis Oxoniensis (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931) ff., 421.Google Scholar
Golding, Arthur (trans.), The fyrst fower bookes of P. Ovidius Nasos worke intitled Metamorphosis, London: W. Seres, 1565.Google Scholar
Gouge, William, Of Domesticall Duties: Eight Treatises, London: J. Haviland for W. Bladen, 1622. 3rd edn, 1626.Google Scholar
Grafton, Anthony, From Humanism to the Humanities, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Greene, Robert, A quip for an upstart courtier: or, a quaint dispute. Wherein is plainely set downe the disorders in all estates and trades, London: J. Wolfe, 1592. 11th edn, 1635.Google Scholar
Hall, David D., ‘The Chesapeake in the Seventeenth Century’, in Cultures of Print. Essays in the History of the Book (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1996).Google Scholar
Haller, William, Foxe’s Book of Martyrs and the Elect Nation, London: Jonathan Cape, 1963.Google Scholar
Heywood, Oliver, The Rev. Oliver Heywood, BA, 1630–1702: His Autobiography, Diaries, Anecdote and Event Books, ed. Turner, J. Horsfall, 4 vols., Brighouse: A. B. Bayes, 1882–5.Google Scholar
Hibbard, L. A., Medieval Romance in England (New York: Oxford University Press, 1924),pp. –26.Google Scholar
Hoby, Margaret, The Private Life of an Elizabethan Lady: The Diary of Lady Margaret Hoby, 1599–1605, ed. Moody, Joanna, Stroud, Glos.: Sutton, 1998.Google Scholar
Hoole, Charles, A New Discovery of the Olde Arte of Teaching School, London: J. T. for A. Crook, 1660.Google Scholar
Houston, R. A., ‘The Development of Literacy: Northern England, 1640–1750’, Economic History Review, 35.2 (1982).Google Scholar
Houston, R. A., Scottish Literacy and the Scottish Identity: Illiteracy and Society in Scotland and Northern England, 1600–1800, Cambridge University Press, 1985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson, E. K., ‘English Protestants and the Imitatio Christi 1580–1620’, Sixteenth Century Journal, 19 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, Lucy, An Introduction of Algorisme: to learn to reckon wyth the Pen or wyth the Counters, London: J. Awdeley, 1574.Google Scholar
Jardine, Lisa, ‘Humanism and Dialectic in Sixteenth-Century Cambridge: A Preliminary Investigation’, in Bolgar, R. R. (ed.), Classical Influences on European Culture AD 1500–1700, Cambridge University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Jardine, Lisa, ‘The Place of Dialectic Teaching in Sixteenth-Century Cambridge’, Studies in the Renaissance, 21 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jewell, Helen M., Education in Early Modern England, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, Wilbur Kitchener, Philanthropy in England 1480–1660, London: Allen and Unwin, 1959.Google Scholar
Kay, M. M., The History of Rivington and Blackrod Grammar School, Manchester University Press, 1931.Google Scholar
Kenneth, Charlton, ‘A Tudor Educational Revolution? An Inaugural Lecture at King’s College, University of London, 18 February 1974’ (London, King’s College, 1974).Google Scholar
Key, Elizabeth, ‘Register of Schools and Schoolmasters in the Diocese of Ely, 1560–1700’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 70 (1980).Google Scholar
Knaffla, L. A., ‘The Matriculation Revolution and Education at the Inns of Court in Renaissance England’, in Slavin, A. J. (ed.), Tudor Men and Institutions. Studies in English Law and Government, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Lake, Peter, ‘Feminine Piety and Personal Potency: The Emancipation of Mrs Jane Ratcliffe’, The Seventeenth Century, 2 (1987).Google Scholar
Lathrop, H. B., Translations From the Classics into English from Caxton to Chapman, 1477–1620, Madison: University of Wisconsin Studies in Language and Literature, 35, 1933.Google Scholar
Lawrence, Stone (ed.), The University in Society,2 vols. (Princeton University Press, 1974) 1:v.Google Scholar
Lemmings, D., Gentlemen and Barristers. The Inns of Court and the English Bar 1680–1730 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loades, David M. (ed.), John Foxe: An Historical Perspective, Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999. (ed.), John Foxe and the English Reformation, Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Logan, F. D., ‘The Origin of the So-Called Regius Professorships’, in Renaissance and Renewal, Studies in Church History 14 (1977) –8Google Scholar
Looney, J., ‘Undergraduate Education in Early Stuart Cambridge’, History of Education, 10 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loveday, Robert (trans.), [Gualtier de Coste, seigneur de La Calprenède,] Hymen’s praeludia or Loves Masterpiece, Being the first part of Cleopatra, London: for G. Thompson, 1652. 17th edn, 1663, enlarging successively through Parts 2–12. Parts 1–12, 1665; 5th edn, 1677.Google Scholar
Lowe, G. D. (ed.), A General Account of my Life by Thomas Boston, AM, Minister at Simprin, 1699–1707 and at Ettrick, 1707–32 (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1908), p..Google Scholar
Lupton, J. H., A Life of Dean Colet DD, London: Bell, 1887.Google Scholar
Madan, F. (ed.), ‘The day-book of John Dorne, bookseller in Oxford 1520’, Collectanea, Proceedings of the Oxford Historical Society, 1st series (1885).Google Scholar
Maxwell-Lyte, H. C., A History of Eton College (London: Macmillan, 1889) –3Google Scholar
Michael, Ian, The Teaching of English from the Sixteenth Century to 1870, Cambridge University Press, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milton, J., An Apology for Smectymnuus (London, 1642)Google Scholar
Milton, John, Areopagitica … Printed 1644, [London: 1644].Google Scholar
Milton, John, Of Education, [London: T. Underhill, 1644].Google Scholar
Miscellaneous Writings and Letters of Thomas Cranmer, ed. Cox, John Edmund, Parker Society 16, Cambridge University Press, 1846.Google Scholar
Morgan, John, Godly Learning: Puritan Attitudes towards Reason, Learning and Education, 1560–1640, Cambridge University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Morgan, P., ‘Frances Wolfreston and “Hor Bouks”, A Seventeenth-Century Woman Book-Collector’, The Library, 6th ser., 11 (1989).Google Scholar
Mumford, A. A., Manchester Grammar School 1515–1915 (London: Longmans, 1919), p..Google Scholar
Newcastle, , Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of, CCXI Sociable Letters, London: W. Wilson, 1664.Google Scholar
O’Day, R., Education and Society 1500–1800, London: Longman, 1982.Google Scholar
Orme, N., Education in Early Tudor England. Magdalen College and Its School, 1480–1540 Magdalen College Occasional Papers, 4 (Oxford: Magdalen College, 1998)Google Scholar
Osborne, Dorothy, Letters to Sir William Temple, ed. Parker, Kenneth, London and New York: Penguin Books, 1987.Google Scholar
Overbury, Thomas, The Overburian Characters, ed. Paylor, W. J., Oxford: Blackwell, 1936.Google Scholar
Palmer, Henrietta R., List of English Editions and Translations of Greek and Latin Classics Printed Before 1641, London: Blades, East & Blades, 1911.Google Scholar
Pepys, Samuel, Diary: ANew and Complete Transcription, ed. Latham, Robert and Matthews, William, 11 vols., Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1970–83.Google Scholar
Philips, I. G. and Morgan, P., ‘Libraries, Books and Printing’, in History of the University of Oxford, gen. ed. Aston, T. H., Vol. 4, Seventeenth-Century Oxford, ed. Tyacke, N., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Prest, Wilfred R., ‘Legal Education and the Gentry at the Inns of Court’, Past and Present, 38 (1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reay, Barry, ‘Orality, Literacy and Print’, in Reay, (ed.), Popular Cultures in England, 1550–1750, London: Longman, 1998.Google Scholar
Schlauch, Margaret, Antecedents of the English Novel, 1400–1600, Warsaw: PWN–Polish Scientific Publishers, 1963.Google Scholar
Schofield, Roger, ‘The Measurement of Literacy in Pre-Industrial England’, in Goody, Jack (ed.), Literacy in Traditional Societies, Cambridge University Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Scudéry, Madeleine, Artemenes, or the Grand Cyrus, trans. F. G., London: for H. Moseley and T. Dring, 1653–5. 2nd edn, 1691.Google Scholar
Shadwell, L. L. (ed.), Enactments in Parliament Especially Concerning the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, 4 vols., Oxford Historical Society, Nos. 58–61 (Oxford: Clarendon Press for Oxford Historical Society, 1911–1912), 1:.Google Scholar
Sidney, Philip, An Apologie for Poetrie, London: [J. Roberts] for H. Olney, 1595. Mod. edn, ed. Shepherd, Geoffey, Manchester University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Simon, Brian, ‘Leicestershire Schools, 1625–40’, British Journal of Educational Studies 3 (1954).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, Joan, Education and Society in Tudor England, Cambridge University Press, 1966.Google Scholar
Smith, A., ‘Endowed Schools in the Diocese of Lichfield and Coventry, 1660–1699’, History of Education 4.2 (1975)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spufford, Margaret, Contrasting Communities, Cambridge University Press, 1974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spufford, Margaret, ‘First Steps in Literacy: The Reading and Writing Experiences of the Humblest Seventeenth-Century Spiritual Autobiographers’, Social History, 4 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spufford, Margaret, ‘Literacy, Trade and Religion in the Commercial Centres of Europe’, in Davids, Karel and Lucassen, Jan (eds.), A Miracle Mirrored: The Dutch Republic in European Perspective, Cambridge University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Spufford, Margaret, Small Books and Pleasant Histories: Popular Fiction and its Readership in Seventeenth-Century England, London: Methuen, and Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Spufford, Margaret, ‘Women Teaching Reading to Poor Children in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries’, in Hilton, Mary, Styles, Morag and Watson, Victor (eds.), Opening the Nursery Door: Reading, Writing and Childhood, 1600–1900, London: Routledge, 1997.Google Scholar
Spufford, Margaret, (ed.), The World of Rural Dissenters, 1520–1725, Cambridge University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Stone, Lawrence, ‘The Educational Revolution in England, 1560–1640’, Past and Present, 28 (1964).Google Scholar
T[yler,], M[argaret] (trans.), [Diego Ortuñez de Calahorra,] The Mirrour of Princely Deedes and Knighthood, London: T. East, [1578].Google Scholar
Thomas, Keith, ‘Numeracy in Early Modern England’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th ser. 37 (1987).Google Scholar
Tottel, Richard, Tottel’s Miscellany (1557–1587), ed. Rollins, Hyder Edward, 2 vols., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1928–9. Rev. edn, 1965.Google Scholar
Tryon, Thomas, Some Memoirs of the Life of Mr Tho: Tryon, late of London, merchant: written by himself, London: T. Sowle, 1705.Google Scholar
Udall, N., Ralph Roister Doister (London, 1566, but written before 1553).Google Scholar
Underhill, E. B. (ed.), Records of the Churches of Christ gathered at Fenstanton, Warboys and Hexham, 1644–1720 (London: Hanserd Knollys Society, 1854)Google Scholar
Urfé, Honoré d’, Astrea. A Romance, trans. Davies, J., London: W. W. for H. Moseley, T. Dring and H. Herringman, 1657.Google Scholar
Vincent, David, Bread, Knowledge and Freedom: A Study of Nineteenth-century Working-class Autobiography (London: Europa, 1981), ch. 5.Google Scholar
Walker, A., The holy life of Elizabeth Walker … with some useful papers and letters written by her on several occasions (London, 1690).Google Scholar
Warwick, Mary Rich, Countess of, The Autobiography of Mary, Countess of Warwick, ed. Croker, T. Crofton, London: printed for the Percy Society by Richards, 1848.Google Scholar
Watson, Foster, The English Grammar Schools to 1660, Cambridge University Press, 1908.Google Scholar
Watt, Tessa, Cheap Print and Popular Piety, 1550–1640, Cambridge University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Whitaker, J., The Statutes and Charter of Rivington School (London: Whittaker, 1837) –6.Google Scholar
Whiteman, Anne (ed.), The Compton Census of 1676: A Critical Edition, Records of Social and Economic History, new ser. 10 (London and New York: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1986).Google Scholar
Wilson, H. B., A History of Merchant Taylors’ School, 2 vols. (London, privately printed, 1812–1814), 1:Google Scholar
Woodward, Donald (ed.), The Farming and Memorandum Books of Henry Best of Elmswell, 1642,Records of Social and Economic History, new ser., 8 (London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1984), 24, 126, 146, 152.Google Scholar
Woolley, H[annah], The Gentlewomans Companion, London: A. Maxwell for D. Newman, 1673. 2nd edn, 1675. 3rd edn, 1682.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×