Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- PART I INSTITUTIONS AND CHANGE: 1100–1200
- PART II FORGING A CHRISTIAN WORLD, 1200–1300
- PART III THE ERECTION OF BOUNDARIES
- PART IV SHAPES OF A CHRISTIAN WORLD
- PART V CHRISTIAN LIFE IN MOVEMENT
- PART VI THE CHALLENGES TO A CHRISTIAN SOCIETY
- PART VII REFORM AND RENEWAL
- 26 Empowerment through reading, writing and example: the Devotio moderna
- 27 Demons and the Christian community
- 28 Wycliffism and Lollardy
- 29 Observant reform in religious orders
- 30 Public purity and discipline: states and religious renewal
- 31 The Bible in the fifteenth century
- Select bibliography
- Index
- Map 1 Western Europe c. 1100 – c. 1500
- Map 2 Universities of Europe
- References
28 - Wycliffism and Lollardy
from PART VII - REFORM AND RENEWAL
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2010
By
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- PART I INSTITUTIONS AND CHANGE: 1100–1200
- PART II FORGING A CHRISTIAN WORLD, 1200–1300
- PART III THE ERECTION OF BOUNDARIES
- PART IV SHAPES OF A CHRISTIAN WORLD
- PART V CHRISTIAN LIFE IN MOVEMENT
- PART VI THE CHALLENGES TO A CHRISTIAN SOCIETY
- PART VII REFORM AND RENEWAL
- 26 Empowerment through reading, writing and example: the Devotio moderna
- 27 Demons and the Christian community
- 28 Wycliffism and Lollardy
- 29 Observant reform in religious orders
- 30 Public purity and discipline: states and religious renewal
- 31 The Bible in the fifteenth century
- Select bibliography
- Index
- Map 1 Western Europe c. 1100 – c. 1500
- Map 2 Universities of Europe
- References
Summary
The title of this chapter raises a question of fundamental relevance to the study of late-medieval ‘heresy’ in England. Commentators - both then and now - would largely be agreed in identifying the philosophical and polemical thought of John Wyclif (d. 1384), and of his immediate academic followers, as integral to the formation of a dissenting mentalité characterised by an informed, and articulate, critical engagement (in English as well as in Latin) with the received meanings and sources of religious authority. There is far less consensus as to the precise relationship of such dissent - deriving an impressive intellectual coherence from the thought of Wyclif, revealing important congruences in its implied conceptualisation of identity, and embodied in an extraordinarily diverse and voluminous textual output - to that far more diffuse, nebulous and elusive domain of what was gradually perceived and defined in terms of official ecclesiastical legislation as well as in those of a burgeoning and multifarious polemic, and lived and practised, as the ‘Lollard heresy’. This chapter will accordingly reopen the question of whether it might be meaningful to use ‘Wycliffism’ and ‘Lollardy’ - at least for purposes of analysis - as designating conceptually distinct phenomena, whatever their actual interrelationship may have been in late-medieval England.
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge History of Christianity , pp. 433 - 445Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
References
and , eds., Was ist Philosophie im Mittelalter?, Miscellanea Mediaevalia 26, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1998.
, ‘Lollard Trials and Inquisitorial Discourse’, in , ed., Fourteenth Century England II, Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2002.Google Scholar
, Faith and Fire: Popular and Unpopular Religion, 1350–1600, London: Hambledon Press, 1993. Lollards and Reformers: Images and Literacy in Late Medieval England, London: Hambledon Press, 1984.
, ‘Were the Lollards a Sect?’, in and , eds., The Medieval Church: Universities, Heresy and the Religious Life. Essays in Honour of Gordon Leff, Studies in Church History, Subsidia 11, Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1999.Google Scholar
, ‘Wycliffe and the Vernacular’, in and , eds., From Ockham to Wyclif SCH, Subsidia 5, Oxford: Blackwell, 1987 ; repr. in Margaret Aston, Faith and Fire: Popular and Unpopular Religion 1350–1600, London: Hambledon Continuum, 1984, 27–72.Google Scholar
, ‘Thomas Cyrcetur, a Fifteenth-Century Theologian and Preacher’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History
37 (1986).Google Scholar
, Censure et liberté intellectuelle à l’université de Paris (XIIIe-XIVe siècles), Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1999.
and , Le verità dissonanti: Aristotele alla fine del medioevo, Rome and Bari: Laterza, 1990.
, ‘Two Phases of Scholastic Self-consciousness: Reflections on Method in Aquinas and Pecock’, in , and , eds., Aquinas as Authority, Leuven: Peeters, 2002.Google Scholar
, ‘Vernacular Philosophy and the Making of Orthodoxy in the Fifteenth Century’, New Medieval Literatures
7 (2005).Google Scholar
, Théologie, science et censure au XIIIe siècle: Le cas de Jean Peckham, Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1999.
, ed., The Psalter Translated by Richard Rolle of Hampole, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1884.
, ‘Wyclif and Wycliffism at Oxford 1356–1430’, in and , eds., The History of the University of Oxford, vol. 2, Late Medieval Oxford, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.Google Scholar
, Pedagogy, Intellectuals and Dissent in the Later Middle Ages: Lollardy and Ideas of Learning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
, ‘Wycliffite Ciceronianism? The General Prologue to the Wycliffite Bible and Augustine’s De Doctrina Christiana’, in , and , eds., Rhetoric and Renewal in the Latin West 1100–1540: Essays in Honour of John O. Ward, Turnhout: Brepols, 2003.Google Scholar
, ‘The Quarrel between the Carmelite Friars and the Secular Clergy of London, 1464–68’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History
5 (1954).Google Scholar
, The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, 1400–1580, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1992.
and , eds., Anticlericalism in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe, Leiden: Brill, 1993.
, The Detection of Heresy in Late Medieval England, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.
and , eds., John Wyclif logica, politica, teologia, Florence: Galuzzo, 2003.
, ‘Bishop Reginald Pecock and the Idea of “Lollardy”’, in and , eds., Text and Controversy from Wyclif to Bale: Essays in Honour of Anne Hudson, Turnhout: Brepols, 2004.Google Scholar
, The Wycliffite Heresy: Authority and the Interpretation of Texts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
, , ‘Vernacular Books of Religion’, in and , eds., Book Production and Publishing in Britain 1375–1475, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
, Bishop Reginald Pecock: A Study in Ecclesiastical History and Thought, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1945.
, Concordia discordantium codicum manuscriptorum? Die Textentwicklung von 18 Handschriften anhand der D. 16 des Decretum Gratiani, Forschungen zur kirchlichen Rechtsgeschichte und zum Kirchenrecht 23, Cologne: Böhlau, 2004.
, ‘Miscellaneity and Vernacularity: Conditions of Literary Production in Late-Medieval England’, in and , eds., The Whole Book: Cultural Perspectives on the Medieval Miscellany, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996.Google Scholar
, ‘The Schoolman as Public Intellectual: Jean Gerson and the Late Medieval Tract’, American Historical Review
108 (2003).Google Scholar
, ed., The Works of a Lollard Preacher, Early English Text Society, OS 317, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
, Lollards and their Books, London: Hambledon Press, 1985.
, ‘Peculiaris regis clericus: Wyclif and the Issue of Authority’, in , and , eds., The Growth of Authority in the Medieval West, Groningen: E. Forsten, 1999.Google Scholar
, The Premature Reformation: Wycliffite Texts and Lollard History, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
, ‘The Problematics of “Heresy” and “the Reformation”’, in and , eds., Häresie und vorzeitige Reformation im Spätmittelalter (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998).Google Scholar
, ed., Wyclifin his Times, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
, Philosophy and Politics in the Thought of John Wyclif
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
, ‘“The Doom of Reason”: Accommodating Lay Interpretation in Late Medieval England’, in and , eds., Medieval Crime and Social Control, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.Google Scholar
, Heresy in the Later Middle Ages, 2 vols., Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1967.
, ‘The Apostolic Ideal in Later Medieval Ecclesiology’, Journal of Theological Studies n.s. 18 (1967).Google Scholar
, ‘The Making of the Myth of a True Church in the Later Middle Ages’, Journal of Mediaeval and Renaissance Studies
1 (1971).Google Scholar
, The Heresy of the Free Spirit in the Later Middle Ages, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.
, ed., A Companion to John Wyclif, Late Medieval Theologian, Leiden: Brill, 2006.
, John Wyclif Scriptural Logic, Real Presence and the Parameters of Orthodoxy, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2003.
, ed. and trans., Knighton’s Chronicle 1337–1396, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
, John Wycliffe and the Beginnings of English Nonconformity, London: English Universities Press, 1953.
, ‘De heretico comburendo, 1401’, in and , eds., Lollardy and the Gentry in the Later Middle Ages, Stroud: Sutton; New York: St Martin’s Press, 1997.Google Scholar
, ‘Heresy and Society’, in and , eds., Texts and the Repression of Medieval Heresy, York: York Medieval Press, 2003.Google Scholar
, Congregations of the Elect: Patterns of Self Fashioning in English Lollard Writings, Turku: Publications of the Department of English, University of Turku, 2000.
, ed., La condamnation parisienne de 1277, Paris: J. Vrin, 1999.
, The Lollards, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002.
, Piers Plowman and the New Anticlericalism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
, ‘Reginald Pecock, John Carpenter and John Colop’s “Common-Profit” Books: Aspects of Book Ownership and Circulation in Fifteenth-Century London’, Medium Aevum
61 (1992).Google Scholar
, The Oxford English Literary History 1350–1547: Reform and Cultural Revolution, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
, Clerical Discourse and Lay Audience in Late Medieval England, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
, ‘Expanding the Langlandian Canon: Radical Latin and the Stylistics of Reform’, The Yearbook of Langland Studies
17 (2003).Google Scholar
, and , eds., Lollards and their Influence in Late Medieval England, Woodbridge: Boydell, 2003.
, and , eds., Nach der Verurteilung von 1277: Philosophie und Theologie an der Universität von Paris im letzten Viertel des 13 Jahrhunderts, Miscellanea Mediaevalia 28, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2001.
, England’s Empty Throne: Usurpation and the Language of Legitimation, 1399–1422, New Haven, Conn. and London: Yale University Press, 1998.
, Universities, Academics and the Great Schism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
, Censure and Heresy at the University of Paris, 1200–1400, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.
, ‘Augustinian Theology of the 14th Century; Notes on Editions, Marginalia, Opinions and Book-Lore’, Augustiniana
6 (1956).Google Scholar
, Les gens de savoir dans l’Europe de la fin du Moyen Âge, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1997.
, ‘Censorship and Cultural Change in Late Medieval England: Vernacular Theology, the Oxford Translation Debate, and Arundel’s Constitutions of 1409’, Speculum
70 (1995).Google Scholar
, Wyclif: Political Ideas and Practice, Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2000.
, Le sante vive: Profezie di corte e devozione femminile tra ‘400 e 500’, Turin: Rosenberg & Sellier, 1990.
- 1
- Cited by