To the casual observer who knows some art history, goes to established art museums, and reads fine arts publications, it surely seems that the visual arts have become much less religious over time. From the ancient Sumerians to the Renaissance, art was filled with religious content and displayed in religious contexts. But from the Enlightenment to twentieth-century modernism, artwork with religious content seems to have become increasingly rare, and only atypically exhibited in religious settings or serving religious functions. Contemporary postmodern art, if it has any religious content or function at all, is almost certain to be transgressive rather than a sincere expression of religious belief.