In this chapter we argue that visuospatial working memory offers a useful theoretical construct, possibly open to further fractionation, that can account for a variety of symptoms shown by neuropsychological patients as well as for some important aspects of visuospatial cognition in the healthy brain. We discuss evidence that draws on studies of a range of impairments of visuospatial cognition that arise following focal brain damage in human adults, and specifically the condition known as unilateral spatial neglect, together with investigations of mental discovery and of immediate visuospatial memory in healthy adults. This evidence is incompatible with common assumptions about working memory as a temporary buffer between sensory input and long-term memory. It is also not consistent with assumptions that mental visual imagery and the processes of visual perception share broadly overlapping cognitive functions and/or neuroanatomical networks. It is proposed that visuospatial working memory can be viewed as part of a mental workspace in which visually presented material can be made available in an interpreted form together with other information in working memory derived from other sensory input or from the long-term store of knowledge.