Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T02:56:51.320Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - Word Stress

from Part 1 - Prosody and Phonology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2024

By
Draga Zec
Edited by
Danko Šipka  and
Wayles Browne
Danko Šipka
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Wayles Browne
Affiliation:
Cornell University, New York
Get access

Summary

This chapter addresses word stress patterns in Slavic languages. The discussion focuses on the placement of stress and the nature of the accent. Fixed stress systems are discussed (initial, antepenultimate, penultimate) as well as systems with free stress. The chapter also discusses the movement of the stress within inflectional patterns. The discussion furthermore includes the nature of the stress in various Slavic languages. There is also an outline of the laws regulating the patterns of stress in Slavic languages.

Keywords

stresspitchaccenttonefixed stressfree stressmobile stress
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Slavic Linguistics , pp. 9 - 28
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alderete, J. (1999). Morphologically-Governed Accent in Optimality Theory. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.Google Scholar
Avanesov, R. I. (1968). Russkoe literaturnoe proiznošenie [Literary Pronunciation of Russian], 6th (1984) ed., Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Prosveščenie.Google Scholar
Beasley, T. & Crosswhite, K. (2003). Avoiding boundaries: Antepenultimate stress in a rule-based framework. Linguistic Inquiry, 34, 361–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, L. & Bethin, C. Y. (1983). On the historical development and synchronic nature of the Slovene prosodic system. International Journal of Slavic Linguistics and Poetics, 27, 63–79.Google Scholar
Belić, A. (1926–1927). Review of O srbo-chrvatských intonacich v nářeči štokavském by Branko Miletić, Prag, 1926. Južnoslovenski filolog, 6, 225–232.Google Scholar
Bennett, R., Boris, H., & Henderson, R. (2018). Prosodic smothering in Macedonian and Kaqchikel. Linguistic Inquiry, 49(2), 195–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bethin, C. Y. (1994). On the phonology of the Neoštokavian accent retraction in Serbian and Croatian. Die Welt der Slaven, 39(2), 277–296.Google Scholar
Bethin, C. Y. (1998). Slavic Prosody. Language Change and Phonological Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bethin, C. Y. (2012). Effects of vowel reduction on Russian and Belarusian inflectional morphology. Lingua, 122, 1232–1251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browne, E. W. & McCawley, J. D. (1965). Srpskohrvatski akcenat. Zbornik za filologiju I lingvistiku, 8, 147–151 [English translation: Serbo-Croatian accent, in Phonology, ed. E. Fudge, 330–335, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973].Google Scholar
Butska, L. (2002). Faithful Stress in Paradigms: Nominal Inflection in Ukrainian and Russian. PhD dissertation, Rutgers University.Google Scholar
Comrie, B. (1976). Irregular stress in Polish and Macedonian. International Review of Slavic Linguistics, 1, 227–240.Google Scholar
Crosswhite, K. (1999). Vowel Reduction in Optimality Theory. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Dogil, G. (1979). Metrical stress in Polish. International Review of Slavic Linguistics, 4, 49–71.Google Scholar
Dogil, G. (1999). The phonetic manifestation of word stress in Lithuanian, Polish and German and Spanish. In van der Hulst, H., ed., Word Prosodic Systems in the Languages of Europe, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 273–311.Google Scholar
Dubina, A. (2012). Towards a Tonal Analysis of Free Stress, Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar
Dybo, V.A. (1981). Slavjanskaja akcentologija, Moscow: Nauka.Google Scholar
Franks, S. (1985). Extrametricality and stress in Polish. Linguistic Inquiry, 16, 144–151.Google Scholar
Franks, S. (1987). Regular and irregular stress in Macedonian. International Journal of Slavic Linguistics and Poetics, 35–36, 93–139.Google Scholar
Franks, S. (1989). The monosyllabic head effect. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 7, 551–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franks, S. (1991). Diacritic extrametricality vs. diacritic accent: A reply to Hammond. Phonology, 8, 145–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garde, P. (1976). Histoire de l’accentuation slave, Paris: Institut d’Études Slaves.Google Scholar
Gouskova, M. (2010). The phonology of boundaries and secondary stress in Russian compounds. The Linguistic Review, 17, 387–448.Google Scholar
Gouskova, M. & Roon, K. (2013). Gradient clash, faithfulness, and sonority sequencing effects in Russian compound stress. Laboratory Phonology, 4, 383–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, Marc L. A. (2006), A Short Reference Grammar of Standard Slovene. Duke University/University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC: SEELRC. www.seelrc.org:8080/grammar/mainframe.jsp?nLanguageID=8.Google Scholar
Halle, M. (1971). Remarks on Slavic accentology. Linguistic Inquiry, 2, 1–19.Google Scholar
Halle, M. (1973). The accentuation of Russian words. Language, 49, 312–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halle, M. & Kenstowicz, M. (1991). The Free Element Condition and cyclic versus noncyclic stress. Linguistic Inquiry, 22, 457–501.Google Scholar
Halle, M. & Kiparsky, P. (1981). Review of Histoire de l’accentuation Slave by Paul Garde. Language, 57, 150–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halle, M. & Vergnaud, J.-R. (1987). An Essay on Stress, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Hammond, M. (1989). Lexical stress in Macedonian and Polish. Phonology, 6, 19–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, B. (1995). Metrical Stress Theory: Principles and Case Studies, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, B. & Puppel, S. (1984). On the Rhythm Rule in Polish. In van der Hulst, H. & Smith, N., eds., Advances in Non-Linear Phonology, Dordrecht: Foris, pp. 59–81.Google Scholar
Hyman, L. M. (1977). On the nature of linguistic stress. In Hyman, L. M., ed., Studies in Stress and Accent [Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics 4], Los Angeles, CA: Department of Linguistics, University of Southern California.Google Scholar
Idsardi, W. (1992). The Computation of Prosody. PhD dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Illič-Svityč, V. M. (1963). Imennaja akcentuacija v baltijskom i slavjanskom [Nominal accentuation in Baltic and Slavic], Moscow: Institut Slavjanovedenija, AN SSSR [English translation: V. M. Illich-Svitych 1979, Nominal Accentuation in Baltic and Slavic, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press].Google Scholar
Inkelas, S. & Zec, D. (1988). Serbo-Croatian pitch accent: The interaction of tone, stress, and intonation. Language, 64, 227–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivić, P. (1985). Dijalektologija srpskohrvatskog jezika. Uvod u štokavsko narečje [Dialectology of the Serbo-Croatian language. Introduction to the Štokavian dialect], Novi Sad: Matica srpska.Google Scholar
Jakobson, R. [1937] (1962). On the identification of phonemic entities. In Selected Writings I, 418–425, The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Jasanoff, J. (2017). The Prehistory of the Balto-Slavic Accent, Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapović, M. (2015). Povijest hrvatske akcentuacije. Fonetika, Zagreb: Matica Hrvatska.Google Scholar
Kiparsky, P. & Halle, M. (1977). Towards a reconstruction of the Indo-European accent. In Hyman, L., ed., Studies in Stress and Accent [Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics 4], Los Angeles, CA: Department of Linguistics, University of Southern California.Google Scholar
Koneski, B. (1982). Gramatika na makedonskiot literature jazik, Skopje: Kultura.Google Scholar
Koneski, B. (1983). A Historical Phonology of the Macedonian Language, Heidelberg: Carl Winter.Google Scholar
Kortlandt, F. (1975). Slavic Accentuation: A Study in Relative Chronology, Lisse: Peter de Ridder Press.Google Scholar
Kortlandt, F. (1978). A history of Slavic accentuation (review of Garde 1976). Lingua, 44, 67–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraska-Szlenk, I. (2003). The Phonology of Stress in Polish, Munich: Lincom Europa.Google Scholar
Kučera, H. (1961). The Phonology of Czech, The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Langston, K. (2006). Čakavian Prosody. The Accentual Patterns of the Čakavian Dialects of Croatian, Bloomington, IN: Slavica.Google Scholar
Lehiste, I. & Ivić, P. (1986). Word and Sentence Prosody in Serbocroatian, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Letz, B. (1950). Gramatika slovenského jazyka, Bratislava: Štátne Nakladatel’stvo.Google Scholar
Lončarić, M. (1996). Kajkavsko narječje, Zagreb: Školska knjiga.Google Scholar
Malisz, Z. & Żygis, M. (2018). Lexical stress in Polish: Evidence from focus and phrase-position differentiated production data. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Speech Prosody, Poznań, Poland, pp. 1008–1012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masing, L. (1876). Die Hauptformen des serbisch-chorwatischen Accents. Mémoires del’Académie impériale des sciences de St. Petersbourg, VIIe. série, XXIII(5).Google Scholar
Melvold, J. (1990). Structure and Stress in the Phonology of Russian. PhD dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Newlin-Łukowicz, L. (2012). Polish stress: Looking for phonetic evidence of a bidirectional system. Phonology, 29, 271–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osadcha, I. (2019). Lexical Stress in East Slavic: Variation in Space and Time. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Padgett, J. & Tabain, M. (2005). Adaptive Dispersion Theory and phonological vowel reduction in Russian. Phonetica, 62, 14–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palková, Z. (1994). Fonetika a fonologie češtiny, Prague: Karolinum.Google Scholar
Patseva, M. (2017). Bulgarian Word Stress, Rutgers Optimality Archives 1304.Google Scholar
Peco, A. & Pravica, P. (1972). O prirodi akcenata srpskohrvatskog jezika na osnovu eksperimentalnih istraživanja [On the nature of Serbo-Croatian accents based on experimental investigations]. Južnoslovenski filolog, 29, 195–242.Google Scholar
Revithiadou, A. (1999). Headmost Accent Wins: Head Dominance and Ideal Prosodic Form in Lexical Accent Systems. PhD dissertation, University of Leiden.Google Scholar
Rubach, J. (1993). The Lexical Phonology of Slovak, Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubach, J. & Booij, G. (1985). A grid theory of stress in Polish. Lingua, 66, 281–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudin, C., Kramer, C., Billings, L., & Baerman, M. (1999). Macedonian and Bulgarian LI questions: Beyond syntax. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 17, 541–586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Short, D. (1993a) Czech. In Comrie, B. & Corbett, G. G., eds., The Slavonic Languages, London & New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 455–532.Google Scholar
Short, D. (1993b) Slovak. In Comrie, B. & Corbett, G. G., eds., The Slavonic Languages, London & New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 533–592.Google Scholar
Smiljanić, R. (2002). Lexical, Pragmatic and Positional Effects on Prosody in Two Dialects of Croatian and Serbian: An Acoustic Study. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaigne.Google Scholar
Stang, C. S. (1957). Slavonic Accentuation, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.Google Scholar
Stankiewicz, E. (1993). The Accentual Patterns of the Slavic Languages, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Steriade, D. & Yanovich, I. (2013). Accentual allomorphs in East Slavic: An argument for inflection dependence. In Eulalia Bonet i Alsina, M., Lloret, M.-R., & Mascaró, J., eds., Understanding Allomorphy: Perspectives From Optimality Theory, Sheffield & Bristol, CT: Equinox, pp. 254–314.Google Scholar
Stone, G. (1993a). Sorbian (Upper and Lower). In Comrie, B. & Corbett, G. G., eds., The Slavonic Languages, London & New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 593–685.Google Scholar
Stone, G. (1993b). Cassubian. In Comrie, B. & Corbett, G. G., eds., The Slavonic Languages, London & New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 759–794.Google Scholar
Trubetzkoy, N. S. (1939). Grundzüge der Phonologie, Prague: Travaux du cercle linguistique de Prague.Google Scholar
Vermeer, W. (1984–1985). Non-initial falling tones in Neo- Štokavian dialects. Zbornik za filologiju i lingvistiku, 27–28, 143–149.Google Scholar
Zec, D. (1999). Footed tones and tonal feet: Rhythmic constituency in a pitch-accent language. Phonology, 16, 225–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zec, D. & Zsiga, E. (2022). Tone and stress as agents of cross-dialectal variation: The case of Serbian. In Kubozono, H., Ito, J., & Mester, A., eds., Prosody and Prosodic Interfaces, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 63–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zsiga, E. & Zec, D. (2013). Contextual evidence for the representation of pitch accents in Standard Serbian. Language and Speech, 56, 69–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Word Stress
  • Edited by Danko Šipka, Arizona State University, Wayles Browne, Cornell University, New York
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Slavic Linguistics
  • Online publication: 16 May 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108973021.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Word Stress
  • Edited by Danko Šipka, Arizona State University, Wayles Browne, Cornell University, New York
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Slavic Linguistics
  • Online publication: 16 May 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108973021.002
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Word Stress
  • Edited by Danko Šipka, Arizona State University, Wayles Browne, Cornell University, New York
  • Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Slavic Linguistics
  • Online publication: 16 May 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108973021.002
Available formats
×