Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T10:01:29.419Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

HIV/AIDS

from Medical topics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2014

By
Michael H. Antoni  and
Adam W. Carrico
Edited by
Susan Ayers ,
Andrew Baum ,
Chris McManus ,
Stanton Newman ,
Kenneth Wallston ,
John Weinman  and
Robert West
Michael H. Antoni
Affiliation:
University of Miami
Adam W. Carrico
Affiliation:
University of Miami
Susan Ayers
Affiliation:
University of Sussex
Andrew Baum
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Chris McManus
Affiliation:
St Mary's Hospital Medical School
Stanton Newman
Affiliation:
University College and Middlesex School of Medicine
Kenneth Wallston
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University School of Nursing
John Weinman
Affiliation:
United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's
Robert West
Affiliation:
St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London
Get access

Summary

Individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) endure a chronic disease which requires behaviour changes and psychosocial adaptation (see ‘Coping with chronic illness’). Health psychologists are in a position to make a unique contribution to the care of HIV-infected persons by designing and implementing behavioural interventions capable of facilitating these adjustments. Here we review many of the challenges facing HIV-infected persons as well as highlight potential targets for behavioural interventions.

A revolution with HAART

Due to the substantial reductions in morbidity and mortality associated with the advent of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART), HIV infection is now commonly conceptualized as a chronic illness (Bangsberg et al., 2001). By directly suppressing HIV replication, HAART-treated individuals may attenuate T-helper (CD4+) cell decline and delay the onset of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). However, not all HIV-infected patients treated with HAART display adequate viral suppression which may be due in large part to suboptimal adherence as well as the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the virus (Bangsberg et al., 2001; Tamalet et al., 2003). Questions also remain regarding the appropriate time to initiate HAART in HIV-infected patients due to variability in the extent immune reconstitution, increased incidence of opportunistic infections in the months following initiation and reports of profound drug-related toxicities (Yeni et al., 2002). As a result, the current state of medical treatment for HIV infection dictates that healthcare providers take into account the dynamic interplay among contextual, patient-related and treatment-related factors in order to deliver the best possible patient care.

Type
Chapter
Information
Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine , pp. 729 - 732
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antoni, M. H. (2003). Stress management and psychoneuroimmunology in HIV infection. CNS Spectrums, 8, 40–51.Google Scholar
Bangsberg, D. R., Perry, S., Charlebois, E. D.et al. (2001). Non-adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy predicts progression to AIDS. AIDS, 15, 1181–3.Google Scholar
Bing, E. G., Burnam, M. A., Longshore, D.et al. (2001). Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 721–8.Google Scholar
Bor, R. (1993). Counseling patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi's Sarcoma. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 6, 91–9.Google Scholar
Catz, S. L., Kelly, J. A., Bogart, L. M.et al. (2000). Patterns, correlates, and barriers to medication adherence among persons prescribed new treatments for HIV disease. Health Psychology, 19, 124–33.Google Scholar
Cielsa, J. A. & Roberts, J. E. (2001). Meta-analysis of the relationship between HIV infection and the risk for depressive disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 725–30.Google Scholar
Clerici, M., Trabattoni, D., Piconi, S.et al. (1997). A possible role for the cortisol/anticortisols imbalance in the progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 22, S27–31.Google Scholar
Cole, S. W. & Kemeny, M. E. (2001). Psychosocial influences on the progression of HIV infection. In Ader, R., Felten, D. L. & Cohen, S. (Eds.). Psychoneuroimmunology, (3rd edn.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Cole, S. W., Korin, Y. D., Fahey, J. L. & Zack, J. A. (1998). Norepinephrine accelerates HIV replication via protein kinase A-dependent effects on cytokine production. Journal of Immunology, 161, 610–16.Google Scholar
Moore, G. M., Hennessey, P., Kunz, N. M.,Ferrando, S. J. & Rabkin, J. G. (2000). Kaposi's Sarcoma: the scarlet letter of AIDS. Psychosomatics, 41, 360–3.Google Scholar
Dunbar-Jacob, J., Schlenk, E. A. & Caruthers, D. (2002). Adherence in the management of chronic disorders. In Christensen, A. J. & Antoni, M. H. (Eds.). Chronic physical disorders: behavioral medicine's perspective. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
Fogarty, L., Roter, D., Larson, S.et al. (2002). Patient adherence to HIV medication regimens: a review of published and abstract reports. Patient Education and Counseling, 46, 93–108.Google Scholar
Kalichman, S. C., Difonzo, K., Austin, J., Luke, W. & Rompa, D. (2002). Prospective study of emotional reactions to changes in HIV viral load. AIDS Patient Care and STD's, 16, 113–20.Google Scholar
Kopinsky, K. L., Stoff, D. M. & Rausch, D. M. (2004). Workshop report: the effects of psychological variables on the progression of HIV-1 disease. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 18, 246–61.Google Scholar
Leserman, J. (2003). HIV disease progression: depression, stress, and possible mechanisms. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 295–306.Google Scholar
Leserman, J., Petitto, J. M., Golden, R. N.et al. (2000). Impact of stressful life events, depression, social support, coping, and cortisol on progression to AIDS. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1221–8.Google Scholar
Llabre, M., Weaker, K., Duran, R.et al. (2006). A measurement model of medication adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and its relation to viral load in HIV+ adults. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 20, 701–10.Google Scholar
Lyketsos, C. G., Hoover, D. R., Guccione, M.et al. (1996). Changes in depressive symptoms as AIDS develops. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 1430–7.Google Scholar
Markham, P. D., Salahuddin, S. Z., Veren, K.et al. (1986). Hydrocortisone and some other hormones enhance the expression of HTLV-III. International Journal of Cancer, 37, 67–72.Google Scholar
Miles, S. A. (2000). Cytokines, viruses, and angiogenesis: new therapies for Kaposi's Sarcoma. In Fiegal, E. G. (Ed.). AIDS-related cancers and their treatment: basic and clinical oncology. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Norbiato, G., Bevilacqua, M., Vago, T.et al. (1997). Glucocorticoids and immune function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection: a study of hypercortisolemic and cortisol-resistant patients. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 82, 3260–3.Google Scholar
Park, W., Laura, Y., Scalera, A., Tseng, A. & Rourke, S. (2002). High rate of discontinuations of highly active antiretroviral therapy as a result of antiretroviral intolerance in clinical practice: missed opportunities for support?AIDS, 16, 1084–6.Google Scholar
Samet, J. H., Sullivan, L. M., Traphagen, E. T. & Ickovics, J. R. (2001). Measuring adherence among HIV-infected persons: is MEMS consummate technology?AIDS and Behavior, 5, 21–30.Google Scholar
Siegel, K., Karus, D. & Raveis, V. H. (1997). Correlates of change in depressive symptomatology among gay men with AIDS. Health Psychology, 16, 230–8.Google Scholar
Tamalet, C., Fantini, J., Tourres, C. & Yashi, N. (2003). Resistance of HIV-1 to multiple antiretroviral drugs in France: a 6-year survey (1997–2002) based on an analysis of over 7000 genotypes. AIDS, 17, 2383–8.Google Scholar
Yeni, P. G., Hammer, S. M., Carpenter, C. C. J.et al. (2002). Antiretroviral treatment for adult HIV-infection in 2002. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, 137–42.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×