Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Psychology, health and illness
- Adolescent lifestyle
- Age and physical functioning
- Age and cognitive functioning
- Ageing and health
- Architecture and health
- Attributions and health
- Childhood influences on health
- Children's perceptions of illness and death
- Coping with bereavement
- Coping with chronic illness
- Coping with chronic pain
- Coping with death and dying
- Coping with stressful medical procedures
- Cultural and ethnic factors in health
- Delay in seeking help
- Diet and health
- Disability
- Emotional expression and health
- Expectations and health
- Gender issues and women's health
- The health belief model
- Health-related behaviours: common factors
- Hospitalization in adults
- Hospitalization in children
- Hostility and Type A behaviour in coronary artery disease
- Lay beliefs about health and illness
- Life events and health
- Men's health
- Noise: effects on health
- Pain: a multidimensional perspective
- Perceived control
- Personality and health
- Physical activity and health
- Placebos
- Psychoneuroimmunology
- Psychosomatics
- Quality of life
- Religion and health
- Risk perception and health behaviour
- Self-efficacy in health functioning
- Sexual risk behaviour
- Sleep and health
- Social support and health
- Socioeconomic status and health
- Stigma
- Stress and health
- Symptom perception
- Theory of planned behaviour
- Transtheoretical model of behaviour change
- Unemployment and health
- Brain imaging and function
- Communication assessment
- Coping assessment
- Diagnostic interviews and clinical practice
- Disability assessment
- Health cognition assessment
- Health status assessment
- Illness cognition assessment
- IQ testing
- Assessment of mood
- Neuropsychological assessment
- Neuropsychological assessment of attention and executive functioning
- Neuropsychological assessment of learning and memory
- Pain assessment
- Patient satisfaction assessment
- Psychoneuroimmunology assessments
- Qualitative assessment
- Quality of life assessment
- Social support assessment
- Stress assessment
- Behaviour therapy
- Biofeedback
- Cognitive behaviour therapy
- Community-based interventions
- Counselling
- Group therapy
- Health promotion
- Hypnosis
- Motivational interviewing
- Neuropsychological rehabilitation
- Pain management
- Physical activity interventions
- Psychodynamic psychotherapy
- Psychosocial care of the elderly
- Relaxation training
- Self-management interventions
- Social support interventions
- Stress management
- Worksite interventions
- Adherence to treatment
- Attitudes of health professionals
- Breaking bad news
- Burnout in health professionals
- Communicating risk
- Healthcare professional–patient communication
- Healthcare work environments
- Informed consent
- Interprofessional education in essence
- Medical decision-making
- Medical interviewing
- Patient-centred healthcare
- Patient safety and iatrogenesis
- Patient satisfaction
- Psychological support for healthcare professionals
- Reassurance
- Screening in healthcare: general issues
- Shiftwork and health
- Stress in health professionals
- Surgery
- Teaching communication skills
- Written communication
- Medical topics
- Index
- References
The health belief model
from Psychology, health and illness
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 December 2014
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Psychology, health and illness
- Adolescent lifestyle
- Age and physical functioning
- Age and cognitive functioning
- Ageing and health
- Architecture and health
- Attributions and health
- Childhood influences on health
- Children's perceptions of illness and death
- Coping with bereavement
- Coping with chronic illness
- Coping with chronic pain
- Coping with death and dying
- Coping with stressful medical procedures
- Cultural and ethnic factors in health
- Delay in seeking help
- Diet and health
- Disability
- Emotional expression and health
- Expectations and health
- Gender issues and women's health
- The health belief model
- Health-related behaviours: common factors
- Hospitalization in adults
- Hospitalization in children
- Hostility and Type A behaviour in coronary artery disease
- Lay beliefs about health and illness
- Life events and health
- Men's health
- Noise: effects on health
- Pain: a multidimensional perspective
- Perceived control
- Personality and health
- Physical activity and health
- Placebos
- Psychoneuroimmunology
- Psychosomatics
- Quality of life
- Religion and health
- Risk perception and health behaviour
- Self-efficacy in health functioning
- Sexual risk behaviour
- Sleep and health
- Social support and health
- Socioeconomic status and health
- Stigma
- Stress and health
- Symptom perception
- Theory of planned behaviour
- Transtheoretical model of behaviour change
- Unemployment and health
- Brain imaging and function
- Communication assessment
- Coping assessment
- Diagnostic interviews and clinical practice
- Disability assessment
- Health cognition assessment
- Health status assessment
- Illness cognition assessment
- IQ testing
- Assessment of mood
- Neuropsychological assessment
- Neuropsychological assessment of attention and executive functioning
- Neuropsychological assessment of learning and memory
- Pain assessment
- Patient satisfaction assessment
- Psychoneuroimmunology assessments
- Qualitative assessment
- Quality of life assessment
- Social support assessment
- Stress assessment
- Behaviour therapy
- Biofeedback
- Cognitive behaviour therapy
- Community-based interventions
- Counselling
- Group therapy
- Health promotion
- Hypnosis
- Motivational interviewing
- Neuropsychological rehabilitation
- Pain management
- Physical activity interventions
- Psychodynamic psychotherapy
- Psychosocial care of the elderly
- Relaxation training
- Self-management interventions
- Social support interventions
- Stress management
- Worksite interventions
- Adherence to treatment
- Attitudes of health professionals
- Breaking bad news
- Burnout in health professionals
- Communicating risk
- Healthcare professional–patient communication
- Healthcare work environments
- Informed consent
- Interprofessional education in essence
- Medical decision-making
- Medical interviewing
- Patient-centred healthcare
- Patient safety and iatrogenesis
- Patient satisfaction
- Psychological support for healthcare professionals
- Reassurance
- Screening in healthcare: general issues
- Shiftwork and health
- Stress in health professionals
- Surgery
- Teaching communication skills
- Written communication
- Medical topics
- Index
- References
Summary
Development of the health belief model (HBM)
In the 1950s US public health researchers began developing psychological models designed to enhance the effectiveness of health education programmes (Hochbaum, 1958). Demographic factors such as socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity and age were known to be associated with preventive health behaviours and use of health services (Rosenstock, 1974), but these factors could not be modified through health education. Thus the challenge was to develop effective health education targeting modifiable, individual characteristics that predicted preventive health behaviour and service usage.
Beliefs provided an ideal target because they are enduring individual characteristics which influence behaviour and are potentially modifiable. Beliefs may also reflect different socialization histories arising from demographic differences while, at the same time, differentiating between individuals from the same background. If persuasive methods could be used to change beliefs associated with health behaviours and such interventions resulted in health behaviour change then this would provide a theory-based technology of health education.
An expectancy–value model was developed in which events believed to be more or less likely were seen to be positively or negatively evaluated by the individual. In particular, the likelihood of experiencing a health problem, the severity of the consequences of that problem, the perceived benefits of any particular health behaviour and its potential costs were seen as core beliefs guiding health behaviour (see ‘Expectations and health’).
Rosenstock (1974) attributed the first health belief model (HBM) research to Hochbaum's (1958) studies of the uptake of tuberculosis X-ray screening.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine , pp. 97 - 102Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2007
References
Abraham, C. & Sheeran, P. (2005). Health belief model. In & (Eds.). Predicting Health Behaviour: Research and Practice with Social Cognition Models (2nd edn.). Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
, , & (1992). Health beliefs and the promotion of HIV-preventive intentions amongst teenagers: a Scottish perspective. Health Psychology, 11, 363–70.Google Scholar
, & (2003). Smoking cessation in women with cardiac risk: a comparative study of two theoretically based therapies. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 35, 260–7.Google Scholar
(2002). Prediction of coronary heart disease preventive behaviors in women: a test of the Health Belief Model. Women and Health 35, 83–96.Google Scholar
(1977). Self-efficacy: towards a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.Google Scholar
& (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–82.Google Scholar
, & (1974). A new approach to explaining sick-role behaviour in low income populations. American Journal of Public Health, 64, 205–16.Google Scholar
, , et al. (1977). Selected psychosocial models and correlates of individual health-related behaviors. Medical Care, 15, 27–46.Google Scholar
& (1975). Sociobehavioural determinants of compliance with health and medical care recommendations. Medical Care, 13, 10–24.Google Scholar
, & (1987). The use of diabetes-specific perceived control and health belief measures to predict treatment choice and efficacy in a feasibility study of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps. Psychology and Health, 1, 133–46.Google Scholar
, & (1996). Skin cancer protective behaviors among the elderly: explaining their response to a health education program using the health belief model. Educational Gerontology, 22, 651–68.Google Scholar
(1984). Instrument development for health belief model constructs. Advances in Nursing Science, 6, 73–85.Google Scholar
, & (1979). Psychological determinants of immunization behaviour in a swine influenza campaign. Medical Care, 17, 639–49.Google Scholar
(1982). Expectations and actions: expectancy-value models in psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
(1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Standford University Press.
(2000). Discovering statistics: using SPSS for windows. London: Sage.
& (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: an introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Fishbein, M., Triandis, H. C., Kanfer, F. H. et al. (2001). Factors influenceing behaviour and behaviour change. In , & (Eds.). Handbook of health psychology (pp. 3–17). Mahwah, NJ: Lawerence Erlbaum Associates.
, & (1985). Factors which differentiate smokers from ex-smokers among cardiovascular patients: a discriminant analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 20, 241–5.Google Scholar
& (Eds.). (1982). Children's health beliefs and health behaviours. Health Education Quarterly, 9, 104–270.
, , , & (1983). Who volunteers for a breast self-examination program? Evaluating the bases for self-selection. Health Education Quarterly, 10, 79–94.Google Scholar
& (1970). Motivational and behavioural effects of modifying health beliefs. Public Health Reports, 85, 478–84.Google Scholar
, & (1992). A meta-analysis of studies of the health belief model with adults. Health Education Research, 7, 107–16.Google Scholar
, , et al. (2003). Adherence to colorectal cancer screening in mammography-adherent older women. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 26, 553–76.Google Scholar
(1958). Public participation in medical screening programs: a socio-psychological study. Public Health Service Publication No. 572. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.
& (1984). The health belief model: a decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11, 1–47.Google Scholar
, & (1988). Health belief model intervention to increase compliance with emergency department patients. Medical Care, 26, 1172–84.Google Scholar
& (1987). Psychological factors in sunbathing and sunscreen use. Health Psychology, 6, 477–93.Google Scholar
(1963). Why people seek dental care: a test of a conceptual framework. Journal of Health and Human Behaviour, 4, 166.Google Scholar
Kelley, H. H. (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. In (Ed.). Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 192–241.
(1982). The impact of patients' perceptions of high blood pressure on attendance at screening: an extension of the health belief model. Social Science and Medicine, 16, 1079–91.Google Scholar
, & (1976). Psychological and social factors as predictors of medical behaviour. Journal of Medical Care, 14, 422–31.Google Scholar
(1994). An examination of the health belief model when applied to diabetes mellitus. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Sheffield.
, & (1995). Social cognition and social structure in the prediction of cervical screening uptake. British Journal of Health Psychology, 1, 35–50.Google Scholar
(1974). Historical origins of the health belief model. Health Education Monographs, 2, 1–8.Google Scholar
(1984). Meta-analysis procedures for social research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
, & (1988). Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health Eduction Quarterly, 15, 175–83.Google Scholar
& (1979). The effect of income on use of preventive care: an evaluation of alternative explanations. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 20, 397–406.Google Scholar
, & (1978). Sociological and social psychological models of compliance with prescribed regimen: in search of a synthesis. Sociological Symposium, 23, 100–21.Google Scholar
Schwarzer, R. (1992). Self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviours: theoretical approaches and a new model. In (Ed.). Self-efficacy: thought control of action (pp. 217–42). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
, , , & (1994). Inducing hypocrisy as a means of encouraging young adults to use condoms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 116–28.Google Scholar
, , et al. (1994). The effects of computer-tailored smoking cessation messages in family practice settings. Journal of Family Practice, 39, 262–70.Google Scholar
(1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: how well are we doing?Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15, 1317–38.Google Scholar
& (2001). Perceptions of threat, benefits, and barriers in breast self-examination amongst young asymptomatic women. British Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 361–72.Google Scholar
& (2001). Factors associated with condom use in Kenya: a test of the health belief model. AIDS Education and Prevention. 13, 495–508.Google Scholar
& (1999). Interventions targeted towards patients to increase mammography use. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 8, 749–57.Google Scholar
- 34
- Cited by