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2 - The Evolutionary Basis of Political Ideology

from Part I - Foundations of Political Psychology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2022

By
Scott Claessens ,
Ananish Chaudhuri ,
Chris G. Sibley  and
Quentin D. Atkinson
Edited by
Danny Osborne  and
Chris G. Sibley
Danny Osborne
Affiliation:
University of Auckland
Chris G. Sibley
Affiliation:
University of Auckland
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Summary

This chapter aims to synthesise recent research studying political ideology from an evolutionary perspective. We begin by outlining how evolutionary theory can be applied to human psychology. We then review recent lines of evolutionary research linking variation in political ideology to physical formidability, the behavioural immune system, threat sensitivity, and evolved moral foundations. We synthesise this research with a novel framework of political differences inspired by recent independent, convergent evidence for two key shifts in the evolution of human group living. This evolutionary framework explains economic and social conservatism as emerging from two fundamental human social drives: cooperation and group conformity. We conclude with some remaining questions and future directions for evolutionary approaches to political ideology.

Keywords

EvolutionPolitical ideologySocial dominance orientationRight-wing authoritarianismCooperationGroup conformity
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Political Psychology , pp. 22 - 36
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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