Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States
- The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part I The View From the Streets
- Part II Do We Need Public Police?
- Part III The Law of Policing
- Part IV Police Force and Police Violence
- Part V Discrimination
- Part VI Technology
- Part VII Reform
- Index
- References
Part I - The View From the Streets
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 August 2019
Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States
- The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part I The View From the Streets
- Part II Do We Need Public Police?
- Part III The Law of Policing
- Part IV Police Force and Police Violence
- Part V Discrimination
- Part VI Technology
- Part VII Reform
- Index
- References
Summary
These are tough times for those of us in policing …
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States , pp. 19 - 62Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
References
Bloom, D. and Imam, J. (2014, December 8). New York Man Dies after Chokehold by Police [Blog Post]. Retrieved from www.cnn.com/2014/07/20/justice/ny-chokehold-death/index.html.Google Scholar
Center on Media Crime and Justice at John Jay College (2014). The Crime Report: Pittsburgh Homicides Rise after Police Department Resists Anticrime Program.Google Scholar
COPS Office (2017). Attorney General’s Community Policing Tour. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.Google Scholar
Jonathan-Zamir, T. and Weisburd, D. L. (2013). The Effects of Security Threats on Antecedents of Police Legitimacy: Findings from a Quasi-Experiment in Israel, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 50(1): 3–32.Google Scholar
Lum, C. and Nagin, D. S. (2017). Reinventing American Policing, Crime and Justice, 46(1), 339–393. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1086/688462.Google Scholar
Moore, Mark H. and Braga, Anthony A. (2003). The Bottom Line of Policing: What Citizens Should Value (and Measure!) in Police Performance. Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum.Google Scholar
Nuttal, R. (2015, September 23). Cameron McLay Getting High Marks after First Year as Pittsburgh Police Chief [Blog Post]. Retrieved from www.pghcitypaper.com/pittsburgh/cameron-mclay-getting-high-marks-after-first-year-as-pittsburgh-police-chief/Content?oid=1855889.Google Scholar
Sherman, L. W. (2002). Trust and Confidence in Criminal Justice, NIJ Journal, 248. Retrieved from www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/jr000248e.pdf.Google Scholar
Tyler, T. R. (2006). Why People Obey the Law. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Justice. (2016). Department of Justice Report Regarding the Criminal Investigation Into the Shooting Death of Michael Brown by Ferguson, Missouri Police Officer Darren Wilson. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.Google Scholar
References
ACLU. (2010). In for a Penny: The Rise of America’s New Debtors’ Prisons. Retrieved from www.aclu.org/report/penny-rise-americas-new-debtors-prisons.Google Scholar
ACLU of Washington and Columbia Legal Services. (2014). Modern-Day Debtors’ Prisons: The Ways Court-Imposed Debts Punish People for Being Poor. Retrieved from http://columbialegal.org//sites/default/files/ModernDayDebtorsPrison.pdf.Google Scholar
Balko, R. (2014, September 3). How municipalities in St. Louis County, Mo., profit from poverty. The Washington Post. Retrieved from www.washingtonpost.com.Google Scholar
Bannon, A., Nagrecha, M., and Diller, R. (2010). Criminal Justice Debt: A Barrier to Reentry. New York: The Brennan Center for Justice. Retrieved at www.brennancenter.org/publication/criminal-justice-debt-barrier-reentry#AuthorGoogle Scholar
Benchaabane, N. (2017, June 1). Woman sues St. Louis police, claiming brutality during her arrest amid 2015 protest. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved from www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/woman-sues-st-louis-police-claiming-brutality-during-her-arrest/article_fd5b0de8-0395-54ef-b6e5-d1f9b100f81e.html.Google Scholar
Better Together. (2014). Municipal Courts Report. Retrieved from Better Together website: www.bettertogetherstl.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/BT-Municipal-Courts-Report-Full-Report1.pdf.Google Scholar
Blackmon, D. A. (2012). Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans From the Civil War to World War II. London: Icon Books Limited.Google Scholar
Blow, C. M. (2014, September 7). Crime, bias and statistics. The New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com.Google Scholar
Bolden, N. (2015, February 12). Debtors prisons are illegal in America. Missouri locked me up in one anyway. The Guardian [U.S. edition]. Retrieved from www.theguardian.com.Google Scholar
Camp, J. T. and Heatherton, C. (2017). Policing the Planet: Why the Policing Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter. New York: Verso Books.Google Scholar
Capehart, J. (2014, September 5). Three troubling things exposed by the Ferguson police shooting of Michael Brown [Blog post]. The Washington Post. Retrieved from www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/wp/2014/09/05/three-troubling-things-exposed-by-the-ferguson-police-shooting-of-michael-brown/?utm_term=.fdfcc5ed375a.Google Scholar
Chadde, S. (2018, January 10). Senator wants to start “discussion” on sweeping 2015 court fines legislation. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved from www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/senator-wants-to-start-discussion-on-sweeping-court-fines-legislation/article_cc216846-c451-5847-96e2-bb0b604f6224.html.Google Scholar
City of Ferguson Administration Department. (2009). City of Ferguson, Missouri Annual Operating Budget: Fiscal Year 2009–2010. Ferguson MO: City of Ferguson Administration Department. Retrieved from www.fergusoncity.com/documentcenter/view/444.Google Scholar
City of Ferguson Administration Department (2013). City of Ferguson, Missouri Annual Operating Budget: Fiscal Year 2013–2014. Ferguson MO: City of Ferguson Administration Department. Retrieved from www.fergusoncity.com/documentcenter/view/1604.Google Scholar
Colgan, B. A. (2017). Lessons from Ferguson on individual defense representation as a tool of systemic reform. William & Mary Law Review, 58(4), 1171–1252. Retrieved from wmlawreview.org/lessons-ferguson-individual-defense-representation-tool-systemic-reform.Google Scholar
Cook County Sheriff’s Office. (n.d.). Special Investigations Division: Fugitive Warrants Unit [Department’s official website]. Retrieved August 10, 2018, from www.cookcountysheriff.org/departments/c-c-s-p-d/special-investigations-division/.Google Scholar
Craven, J., Stewart, M., and Reilly, R. J. (2016, February 18). The Ferguson protests worked: Were the riots costly and destructive? Yes. But reform never would have happened without the unrest. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from www.huffingtonpost.com.Google Scholar
Democracy Now! (2014, August 27). Is Ferguson Feeding on the Poor? City Disproportionately Stops, Charges and Fines People of Color [Interview transcript]. Retrieved from www.democracynow.org/2014/8/27/is_ferguson_feeding_on_the_poor.Google Scholar
Dukmasova, M. (2016, August 25). Abolish the police? Organizers say it’s less crazy than it sounds. Chicago Reader. Retrieved from www.chicagoreader.com.Google Scholar
Ferguson primetime ratings: CNN dominates in demo, Fox wins total viewers. (2014, November 25). Mediaite.com. Retrieved from www.mediaite.com.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (2nd ed.). New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Gillerman, M. (2014, October 6). Jennings hanging attempt is latest in series of area jail incidents. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved at www.stltoday.com.Google Scholar
Harris, A. (2016). A Pound of Flesh: Monetary Sanctions as Punishment for the Poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Harvey, T., McAnnar, J., Voss, M.J., Conn, M., Janda, S., and Keskey, S. (2014). ArchCity Defenders: Municipal Courts White Paper [White paper]. Retrieved from ArchCity Defenders website: www.archcitydefenders.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ArchCity-Defenders-Municipal-Courts-Whitepaper.pdf.Google Scholar
Hendrix v. City of St. Louis. (2017, May 26). Petition for Damages. 22nd Judicial Circuit Court, St. Louis, MO. Retrieved at https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/stltoday.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/0/12/012f70e6-c3b2-5427-96fc-1e94248cd553/592fa44070166.pdf.pdf.Google Scholar
Kohler, J. (2018, April 23). Traffic enforcement, court collections continue to drop in post- Ferguson era. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved from www.stltoday.com.Google Scholar
Kutsch, T. (2016, August 10). St. Louis-area municipalities sued over alleged discriminatory ‘debtors’ prisons’. The Guardian [U.S. edition]. Retrieved from www.theguardian.com.Google Scholar
Lauer, T. E. (1966). Prolegomenon to municipal court reform in Missouri. Missouri Law Review, 31(1), 69–97. Retrieved from https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1929&context=mlr.Google Scholar
Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area, East Bay Community Law Center, Western Center on Law and Poverty, A New Way of Life Re-Entry Project, and Legal Services for Prisoners with Children. (2015). Not Just a Ferguson Problem: How Traffic Courts Drive Inequality in California. Retrieved from www.lccr.com/wp-content/uploads/Not-Just-a-Ferguson-Problem-How-Traffic-Courts-Drive-Inequality-in-California-4.8.15.pdf.Google Scholar
Lee, T. (2015, May 19). On state level, a flurry of post-Ferguson bills fizzle. MSNBC.com. Retrieved from www.msnbc.com.Google Scholar
Life in Bondage [Online exhibition]. (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2018 from Cornell University Library’s “I will be heard!” Abolitionism in America website: http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/abolitionism/slave_life/Life_in_Bondage.htm.Google Scholar
Luibrand, S. (2015, August 7). How a death in Ferguson sparked a movement in America. CBS News. Retrieved from www.cbsnews.com.Google Scholar
Luthar, S. S., Small, P. J., and Ciciolla, L. (2018). Adolescents from upper middle class communities: Substance misuse and addiction across early adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 30(1), 315–335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLean, R. L. and Thompson, M. D. (2007). Repaying Debts. New York: Council of State Governments Justice Center. Retrieved at https://victimsofcrime.org/docs/default-source/restitution-toolkit/repaying_debts_full_report.pdf?sfvrsn=2.Google Scholar
Meares, T. L. (2017). The path forward: Improving the dynamics of community-police relationships to achieve effective law enforcement policies. Columbia Law Review, 117(5), 1355–1368. Retrieved from https://columbialawreview.org/content/the-path-forward-improving-the-dynamics-of-community-police-relationships-to-achieve-effective-law-enforcement-policies/.Google Scholar
Mo. Const. art. IX, § 7. Retrieved from www.moga.mo.gov/mostatutes/ConstArticles/Art09.html.Google Scholar
Montgomery, D. (2016, January 6). Texas trooper who arrested Sandra Bland is charged with perjury. The New York Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com.Google Scholar
Muhammad, K. G. and Murray, S. Y. (2011). The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Murakawa, N. (2014). The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
National Public Radio. (2014, August 25). In Ferguson, court fines and fees fuel anger [All Things Considered transcript]. Retrieved from www.npr.org/2014/08/25/343143937/in-ferguson-court-fines-and-fees-fuel-anger.Google Scholar
National Public Radio. (2014, May 19). As court fees rise, the poor are paying the price [All Things Considered transcript]. Retrieved from www.npr.org/2014/05/19/312158516/increasing-court-fees-punish-the-poor.Google Scholar
National Public Radio. (2014, May 21). Supreme Court ruling not enough to prevent debtors prisons [Morning Edition transcript]. Retrieved from www.npr.org/2014/05/21/313118629/supreme-court-ruling-not-enough-to-prevent-debtors-prisons.Google Scholar
Pearce, M. (2015, February 9). Missouri cities, including Ferguson, sued over “grotesque” jail conditions. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from www.latimes.com.Google Scholar
Raasch, C. (2015, March 3). Obama’s policing task force releases recommendations. Governing the States and Localities. Retrieved from www.governing.com/.Google Scholar
Ritchie, A. J. (2017). Invisible No More: Police Violence Against Black Women and Women of Color. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, J. (2015, November 9). St. Louis County cities file suit challenging state’s municipal overhaul. St. Louis Public Radio. Retrieved from http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/st-louis-county-cities-file-suit-challenging-states-municipal-overhaul#stream/0.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, J. and Phillips, C. (2015, August 9). Hundreds flock to Ferguson to mark Brown’s shooting death. St. Louis Public Radio. Retrieved from http://news.stlpublicradio.org.Google Scholar
Rossow, A. (2018, April 8). How a 21-year-old USC entrepreneur turned a campus-wide issue into a healthy, thriving business. Forbes.com. Retrieved from www.forbes.com.Google Scholar
Schulenberg, J. E., Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Miech, R. A., and Patrick, M. E. (2018). Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2017: College Students and Adults Ages 19–55 (Volume II). Retrieved from The University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research website http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs.html#monographs.Google Scholar
Stillman, S. (2014, June 23). Get out of jail, inc. The New Yorker. Retrieved from www.newyorker.com.Google Scholar
Supreme Court of Missouri. (2014). Missouri Judicial Report Supplement: Fiscal Year 2013 (p. 303). Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Office of State Courts Administrator. Retrieved from www.courts.mo.gov/file.jsp?id=68905.Google Scholar
Supreme Court of Missouri (2015). Missouri Judicial Report Supplement: Fiscal Year 2014 (p. 309). Jefferson City, MO: Missouri Office of State Courts Administrator. Retrieved from www.courts.mo.gov/file.jsp?id=83236.Google Scholar
Supreme Court of Missouri Municipal Division Work Group. (2016). Report of the Municipal Division Work Group to the Supreme Court of Missouri. Retrieved from www.courts.mo.gov/page.jsp?id=95293.Google Scholar
The Ferguson Commission. (2015). Forward Through Ferguson: A Path Toward Racial Equity. Retrieved from https://forwardthroughferguson.org.Google Scholar
U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Table GCT-P3: Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2010 United States places by state; and for Puerto Rico. 2010 Census Summary File 1 (Tables P5 and P8). Retrieved from https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTP3.US13PR/0100000US.Google Scholar
U.S. Census Bureau (2014). Table DP05: Demographic and housing estimates. 2010–2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Retrieved from https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/14_5YR/DP05/0400000US29|1600000US2923986Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division. (2015). Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department. Retrieved from www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report_1.pdf.Google Scholar
Williams, K. (2015). Our Enemies in Blue: Police and Power in America (Rev. ed.). Oakland, CA: AK Press.Google Scholar