Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2014
Introduction
The context of this chapter is one of change. The world of institutional investment has been undergoing some fundamental structural shifts for a number of years, and many of these have direct implications for the future of fiduciary obligation.
The defined benefit pension fund, once the mainstay of institutional investment funds, is quickly being replaced by the defined contribution scheme. This transfers the risk of poor investment performance from corporate and state employers to individual beneficiaries. At the same time, pension fund trustees, the traditional bearers of fiduciary obligation, are now rarely the key players in investment decision-making. Virtually all asset owners have delegated day-to-day investment decision-making to asset managers and strategic planning to investment consultants, and whether these agents are bound by fiduciary obligation is often unclear. Finally, trust-based pension funds are increasingly giving way to contract-based schemes operated by large insurance companies. These are governed by the law of contracts, under which fiduciary obligation does not exist.
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