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4 - Brain Development in Infants

Structure and Experience

from Part I - Foundations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2020

By
John E. Richards  and
Stefania Conte
Edited by
Jeffrey J. Lockman  and
Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda
Jeffrey J. Lockman
Affiliation:
Tulane University, Louisiana
Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda
Affiliation:
New York University
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Summary

The development of the brain in humans following birth is one of the most remarkable changes in human growth. The structure, myelination, and connectivity of the brain are relatively primitive at birth. Much of the development of the size, shape, and connectivity occurs after birth and before the end of the second year of life. The brain appears in size and shape similar to the adult brain at 2 years of age. The brain continues to change and develops over the entire life span, although the changes after 2 years appear to be more quantitative and gradual than the changes in the first 2 years. Some of the brain changes are from intrinsic growth factors governed by maturational factors, whereas other brain changes are affected by individual experiences and background setting. The interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic forces shapes the brain through the life span.

Keywords

Brain development stageswhite matter developmentgrey matter developmentface processingbrain development in poverty
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Infant Development
Brain, Behavior, and Cultural Context
 , pp. 94 - 127
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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