Extraterritorial jurisdiction of Chinese law has received increased attention in recent years. On 25 February 2019, President Xi Jinping called for fast-track institution building in extraterritorial jurisdiction of Chinese law. It is the first time that China has made such a bold claim from the very top level of the leadership. This chapter offers a critical examination of Chinese practice in relation to effect-based extraterritorial jurisdiction. It focusses on three fields of law dealing with offensive maps, marine environment protection, and anti-monopoly in which a number of cases have been handled by Chinese executive authorities and courts. It not only looks at how such rules are prescribed in black-letter law but also surveys and reviews how such jurisdiction has been enforced in practice. It attempts to evaluate how successful is China’s approach towards effect-based extraterritorial jurisdiction and to offer some insights into the future development of this significant area of Chinese law.