Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T15:22:04.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - Theoretical Models of Bilingual Phonetics and Phonology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2024

Mark Amengual
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Cruz
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Albareda-Castellot, B., Pons, F., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2011). The acquisition of phonetic categories in bilingual infants: New data from an anticipatory eye movement paradigm. Developmental Science, 14(2), 395401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amengual, M. (2016a). The perception and production of language-specific mid-vowel contrasts: Shifting the focus to the bilingual individual in early language input conditions. International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(2), 133152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amengual, M. (2016b). The perception of language-specific phonetic categories does not guarantee accurate phonological representations in the lexicon of early bilinguals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 37(5), 12211251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antoniou, M. (2018). Speech perception. In Grosjean, F. & Byers-Heinlein, K., eds., The Listening Bilingual. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 4164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antoniou, M., Best, C. T., & Tyler, M. D. (2013). Focusing the lens of language experience: Perception of Ma’di stops by Greek and English bilinguals and monolinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 133(4), 23972411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antoniou, M., Best, C. T., Tyler, M. D., & Kroos, C. (2011). Inter-language interference in VOT production by L2-dominant bilinguals: Asymmetries in phonetic code-switching. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 558570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antoniou, M., Liang, E., Ettlinger, M., & Wong, P. C. M. (2015). The bilingual advantage in phonetic learning. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(4), 683695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antoniou, M., Tyler, M. D., & Best, C. T. (2012). Two ways to listen: Do L2-dominant bilinguals perceive stop voicing according to language mode? Journal of Phonetics, 40(4), 582594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Best, C. T. (1988). The emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human development: A literature review and a neuroembryological model. In Molfese, D. L., ed., Brain Lateralization in Children. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 534.Google Scholar
Best, C. T. (1995). A direct realist view of cross-language speech perception. In Strange, W., ed., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Timonium, MD: York Press, pp. 171204.Google Scholar
Best, C. T. (2015). Devil or angel in the details? Perceiving phonetic variation as information about phonological structure. In Romero, J. & Riera, M., eds., Phonetics–Phonology Interface: Representations and Methodologies. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, C. T. (2017). Speech perception in infants: Propagating the effects of language experience. In Fernández, E. M. & Cairns, H. S., eds., The Handbook of Psycholinguistics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 470490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, C. T., Goldstein, L. M., Nam, H., & Tyler, M. D. (2016). Articulating what infants attune to in native speech. Ecological Psychology, 28(4), 216261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Best, C. T. & McRoberts, G. W. (2003). Infant perception of non-native consonant contrasts that adults assimilate in different ways. Language and Speech, 46(2–3), 183216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Best, C. T., McRoberts, G. W., & Goodell, E. (2001). Discrimination of non-native consonant contrasts varying in perceptual assimilation to the listener’s native phonological system. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109(2), 775794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, C. T., McRoberts, G. W., LaFleur, R., & Silver-Isenstadt, J. (1995). Divergent developmental patterns for infants’ perception of two nonnative consonant contrasts. Infant Behavior & Development, 18(3), 339350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, C. T., McRoberts, G. W., & Sithole, N. M. (1988). Examination of perceptual reorganization for nonnative speech contrasts: Zulu click discrimination by English-speaking adults and infants. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14(3), 345360.Google Scholar
Best, C. T., Traill, A., Carter, A., Harrison, K. D., & Faber, A. (2003). !Xóõ click perception by English, Isizulu, and Sesotho listeners. In Solé, M. J., Recasens, D., & Romero, J., eds., Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Barcelona: Causal Productions, pp. 853856.Google Scholar
Best, C. T. & Tyler, M. D. (2007). Nonnative and second-language speech perception: Commonalities and complementarities. In Munro, M. J. & Bohn, O.-S., eds., Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning: In Honor of James Emil Flege. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, C. T., Tyler, M. D., Gooding, T. N., Orlando, C. B., & Quann, C. A. (2009). Development of phonological constancy: Toddlers’ perception of native-and Jamaican-accented words. Psychological Science, 20(5), 539542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blanco-Elorrieta, E., Emmorey, K., & Pylkkänen, L. (2018). Language switching decomposed through MEG and evidence from bimodal bilinguals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(39), 97089713.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bohn, O.-S. (2017). Cross-language and second language speech perception. In Fernández, E. M. & Cairns, H. S., eds., The Handbook of Psycholinguistics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 213239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohn, O.-S., Best, C. T., Avesani, C., & Vayra, M. (2011). Perceiving through the lens of native phonetics: Italian and Danish listeners’ perception of English consonant contrasts. In Lee, W.-S. & Zee, E., eds., Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong, pp. 336339.Google Scholar
Bosch, L. & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2001). Evidence of early language discrimination abilities in infants from bilingual environments. Infancy, 2(1), 2949.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosch, L. & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2003). Simultaneous bilingualism and the perception of a language-specific vowel contrast in the first year of life. Language and Speech, 46(2–3), 217243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bundgaard-Nielsen, R. L., Best, C. T., & Tyler, M. D. (2011). Vocabulary size is associated with second-language vowel perception performance in adult learners. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 33, 433461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, T. C., Yoshida, K. A., Hill, K., & Werker, J. F. (2007). The development of phonetic representation in bilingual and monolingual infants. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28(3), 455474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byers-Heinlein, K. (2018). Speech perception. In Grosjean, F. & Byers-Heinlein, K., eds., The Listening Bilingual. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 151175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caramazza, A. & Yeni-Komshian, G. H. (1974). Voice onset time in two French dialects. Journal of Phonetics, 2(3), 239245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casillas, J. V. & Simonet, M. (2018). Perceptual categorization and bilingual language modes: Assessing the double phonemic boundary in early and late bilinguals. Journal of Phonetics, 71, 5164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J., Antoniou, M., & Best, C. T. (2023). Phonological and phonetic contributions to perception of non-native lexical tones by tone language listeners: Effects of memory load and stimulus variability. Journal of Phonetics, 96, 101199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, W., Tong, X., & Samuel, A. G. (2019). Better than native: Tone language experience enhances English lexical stress discrimination in Cantonese-English bilingual listeners. Cognition, 189, 188192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, F. & Palethorpe, S. (2007). Australian English. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37(3), 341350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtin, S., Byers-Heinlein, K., & Werker, J. F. (2011). Bilingual beginnings as a lens for theory development: PRIMIR in focus. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 492504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Houwer, A. (2021). Bilingual Development in Childhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faris, M. M., Best, C. T., & Tyler, M. D. (2016). An examination of the different ways that non-native phones may be perceptually assimilated as uncategorized. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 139(1), EL1–EL5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faris, M. M., Best, C. T., & Tyler, M. D. (2018). Discrimination of uncategorised non-native vowel contrasts is modulated by perceived overlap with native phonological categories. Journal of Phonetics, 70, 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferjan Ramírez, N., Ramírez, R. R., Clarke, M., Taulu, S., & Kuhl, P. K. (2017). Speech discrimination in 11-month-old bilingual and monolingual infants: A magnetoencephalography study. Developmental Science, 20(1), e12427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flege, J. E. (1995). Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In Strange, W., ed., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Timonium, MD: York Press, pp. 233276.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Bohn, O.-S. (2021). The revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r). In Wayland, R., ed., Second Language Speech Learning: Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, C. A. (1986). An event approach to the study of speech perception from a direct-realist perspective. Journal of Phonetics, 14(1), 328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia-Sierra, A., Rivera-Gaxiola, M., Percaccio, C. R., et al. (2011). Bilingual language learning: An ERP study relating early brain responses to speech, language input, and later word production. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 546557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gathercole, V. C. M. (2014). Bilingualism matters: One size does not fit all. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38(4), 359366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genesee, F. (1989). Early bilingual development: One language or two? Journal of Child Language, 16(1), 161179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gonzales, K., Byers-Heinlein, K., & Lotto, A. J. (2019). How bilinguals perceive speech depends on which language they think they’re hearing. Cognition, 182, 318330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gonzales, K. & Lotto, A. J. (2013). A bafri, un pafri: Bilinguals’ pseudoword identifications support language-specific phonetic systems. Psychological Science, 24(11), 21352142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grosjean, F. (2001). The bilingual’s language modes. In Nicol, J. L., ed., One Mind, Two Languages: Bilingual Language Processing. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 122.Google Scholar
Höhle, B., Bijeljac-Babic, R., & Nazzi, T. (2020). Variability and stability in early language acquisition: Comparing monolingual and bilingual infants’ speech perception and word recognition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(1), 5671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, E. K. (2018). Putting the terms “monolingual” and “bilingual” under the microscope. Applied Psycholinguistics, 39(4), 753756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khatiwada, R. (2009). Nepali. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 39(3), 373380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuhl, P. K., Stevens, E., Hayashi, A., et al. (2006). Infants show a facilitation effect for native language phonetic perception between 6 and 12 months. Developmental Science, 9(2), F13F21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, L. & Kager, R. (2015). Bilingual exposure influences infant VOT perception. Infant Behavior and Development, 38, 2736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, L. & Kager, R. (2016). Perception of a native vowel contrast by Dutch monolingual and bilingual infants: A bilingual perceptual lead. International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(3), 335345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, L., Peter, V., & Tyler, M. D. (2023). Understanding the neural mechanisms for infants’ perception of native and non-native speech. Brain and Language, 242, 105279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacSwan, J. (2017). A multilingual perspective on translanguaging. American Educational Research Journal, 54(1), 167201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melguy, Y. V. (2018). Exploring the bilingual phonological space: Early bilinguals’ discrimination of coronal stop contrasts. Language and Speech, 61(2), 173198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nazzi, T. & Bertoncini, J. (2003). Before and after the vocabulary spurt: Two modes of word acquisition? Developmental Science, 6(2), 136142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otheguy, R., García, O., & Reid, W. (2015). Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named languages: A perspective from linguistics. Applied Linguistics Review, 6(3), 281307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pallier, C., Bosch, L., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (1997). A limit on behavioral plasticity in speech perception. Cognition, 64, B9B17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petitto, L. A., Berens, M. S., Kovelman, I., et al. (2012). The “Perceptual Wedge Hypothesis” as the basis for bilingual babies’ phonetic processing advantage: New insights from fNIRS brain imaging. Brain and Language, 121(2), 130143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polka, L., Colantonio, C., & Sundara, M. (2001). A cross-language comparison of /d/-/ð/ perception: Evidence for a new developmental pattern. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109(5 Pt 1), 21902201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rallo Fabra, L., Achichaou, M., & Tyler, M. D. (2022). Perceptual assimilation of Tashlhiyt consonants by Spanish-dominant bilinguals. In Blecua, B., Cicres, J., Espejel, M., & Machuca, M. J., eds., Propuestas en fonética experimental: Enfoques metodológicos y nuevas tecnologías. Girona, Spain: Universitat de Girona, pp. 229233.Google Scholar
Rallo Fabra, L. & Tyler, M. D. (2023). Predicting discrimination difficulty of Californian English vowel contrasts from L2-to-L1 categorization. Ampersand, 10, 100109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sebastián-Gallés, N. & Bosch, L. (2009). Developmental shift in the discrimination of vowel contrasts in bilingual infants: Is the distributional account all there is to it? Developmental Science, 12(6), 874887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shafer, V. L., Yu, Y. H., & Datta, H. (2011). The development of English vowel perception in monolingual and bilingual infants: Neurophysiological correlates. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 527545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shafer, V. L., Yu, Y. H., & Garrido-Nag, K. (2012). Neural mismatch indices of vowel discrimination in monolingually and bilingually exposed infants: Does attention matter? Neuroscience Letters, 526(1), 1014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simonet, M. (2016). The phonetics and phonology of bilingualism. In Oxford Handbooks Editorial Board, ed., Oxford Handbook Topics in Linguistics [online ed.]. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935345.013.72.Google Scholar
Singh, L., Loh, D., & Xiao, N. G. (2017). Bilingual infants demonstrate perceptual flexibility in phoneme discrimination but perceptual constraint in face discrimination. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strange, W. (2011). Automatic selective perception (ASP) of first and second language speech: A working model. Journal of Phonetics, 39, 456466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Studdert-Kennedy, M. & Goldstein, L. (2003). Launching language: The gestural origin of discrete infinity. In Christiansen, M. H. & Kirby, S., eds., Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 235254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundara, M. & Polka, L. (2008). Discrimination of coronal stops by bilingual adults: The timing and nature of language interaction. Cognition, 106(1), 234258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sundara, M., Polka, L., & Molnar, M. (2008). Development of coronal stop perception: Bilingual infants keep pace with their monolingual peers. Cognition, 108(1), 232242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sundara, M. & Scutellaro, A. (2011). Rhythmic distance between languages affects the development of speech perception in bilingual infants. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 505513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, M. D. (2019). PAM-L2 and phonological category acquisition in the foreign language classroom. In Nyvad, A. M., Hejná, M., Højen, A., Jespersen, A. B., & Sørensen, M. H., eds., A Sound Approach to Language Matters – In Honor of Ocke-Schwen Bohn. Aarhus: Aarhus University, Department of English, School of Communication & Culture, pp. 607630.Google Scholar
Tyler, M. D. (2021a). Perceived phonological overlap in second-language categories: The acquisition of English /r/ and /l/ by Japanese native listeners. Languages, 6(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6010004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, M. D. (2021b). Phonetic and phonological influences on the discrimination of non-native phones. In Wayland, R., ed., Second Language Speech Learning: Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 157174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, M. D., Ball, C. C., & Best, C. T. (2024). Listening and speech perception. In E. Wagner, A. O. Batty, & E. Galaczi, eds., Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Listening. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 29–41. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003219552-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, M. D., Best, C. T., Goldstein, L. M., & Antoniou, M. (2014). Investigating the role of articulatory organs and perceptual assimilation in infants’ discrimination of native and non‐native fricative place contrasts. Developmental Psychobiology, 56, 210227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Werker, J. F., Yeung, H. H., & Yoshida, K. A. (2012). How do infants become experts at native-speech perception? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(4), 221226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Angwin, A. J., Armstrong, S. R., Fisher, C., & Escudero, P. (2022). Acquisition of novel word meaning via cross situational word learning: An event-related potential study. Brain and Language, 229, 105111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antoniou, M., Best, C. T., Tyler, M., & Kroos, C. (2011). Inter-language interference in VOT production by L2-dominant bilinguals: Asymmetries in phonetic code-switching. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 558570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bassetti, B., Escudero, P., & Hayes-Harb, R. (2015). Second language phonology at the interface between acoustic and orthographic input. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36, 16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boersma, P. (1998). Functional Phonology: Formalizing the Interactions between Articulatory and Perceptual Drives. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Amsterdam]. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics.Google Scholar
Boersma, P. (2011). A programme for bidirectional phonology and phonetics and their acquisition and evolution. In Benz, A. & Mattausch, J., eds., Bidirectional Optimality Theory. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 3372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boersma, P. & Chládková, K. (2011). Asymmetries between speech perception and production reveal phonological structure. In Lee, W.-S. & Zee, E., eds., Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong, pp. 328331. www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2011/OnlineProceedings/RegularSession/Boersma/Boersma.pdf.Google Scholar
Boersma, P. & Escudero, P. (2008). Learning to perceive a smaller L2 vowel inventory: An Optimality Theory account. In Avery, P., Dresher, E., & Rice, K., eds., Contrast in Phonology: Theory, Perception, Acquisition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 271302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boersma, P., Escudero, P., & Hayes, R. (2003). Learning abstract phonological from auditory phonetic categories: An integrated model for the acquisition of language-specific sound categories. In Solé, M. J., Recasens, D., & Romero, J., eds., Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Barcelona: Causal Productions, pp. 10131016. www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2003/papers/p15_1013.pdf.Google Scholar
Boersma, P. & Hayes, B. (2001). Empirical tests of the Gradual Learning Algorithm. Linguistic Inquiry, 32(1), 4586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohn, O.-S. (1995). Cross-language speech perception in adults: First language transfer doesn’t tell it all. In Strange, W., ed., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Speech Research. Baltimore, MD: York Press, pp. 275300.Google Scholar
Chládková, K., Boersma, P., & Escudero, P. (2022). Unattended distributional training can shift phoneme boundaries. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 25(5), 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chládková, K. & Escudero, P. (2012). Comparing vowel perception and production in Spanish and Portuguese: European versus Latin American dialects. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 131(2), EL119–EL125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chládková, K., Escudero, P., & Lipski, S. C. (2015). When “aa” is long but “a” is not short: Speakers who distinguish short and long vowels in production do not necessarily encode a short–long contrast in their phonological lexicon. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 438. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colantoni, L., Escudero, P., Marrero-Aguiar, V., & Steele, J. (2021). Evidence-based design principles for Spanish pronunciation teaching. Frontiers in Communication, 6, 639889. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.639889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colantoni, L., Steele, J., & Escudero, P. (2015). Second Language Speech: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtin, S., Fennell, C., & Escudero, P. (2009). Weighting of vowel cues explains patterns of word-object associative learning. Developmental Science, 12(5), 725731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cutler, A. (2012). Native Listening: Language Experience and the Recognition of Spoken Words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elvin, J. & Escudero, P. (2019). Cross-linguistic influence in second language speech: Implications for learning and teaching. In Gutierrez-Mangado, M. J., Martínez-Adrián, M., & Gallardo-del-Puerto, F., eds., Cross-Linguistic Influence: From Empirical Evidence to Classroom Practice. Cham: Springer International, pp. 120.Google Scholar
Elvin, J., Tuninetti, A., & Escudero, P. (2018a). Non-native dialect matters: The perception of European and Brazilian Portuguese vowels by Californian English monolinguals and Spanish-English bilinguals. Languages, 3(3), 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elvin, J., Vasiliev, P., & Escudero, P. (2018b). Production and perception in the acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese. In Gibson, M. & Gil, J., eds., Romance Phonetics and Phonology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 367380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elvin, J., Williams, D., & Escudero, P. (2016). Dynamic acoustic properties of monophthongs and diphthongs in Western Sydney Australian English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 140(1), 576581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Elvin, J., Williams, D., & Escudero, P. (2020). Australian English vs. European Spanish learners of Brazilian Portuguese: Learning to perceive, produce and recognise words in a non-native language. In Molsing, K. V., Becker Lopes Perna, C., & Tramunt Ibaños, A. M., eds., Linguistic Approaches to Portuguese as an Additional Language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 6182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P. (2005). Linguistic perception and second language acquisition: Explaining the attainment of optimal phonological categorization [Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University]. LOT Dissertation Series. Amsterdam: Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics. https://shorturl.at/GKO79.Google Scholar
Escudero, P. (2007). Second-language phonology: The role of perception. In Pennington, M. C., ed., Phonology in Context. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 109134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P. (2009). The linguistic perception of SIMILAR L2 sounds. In Boersma, P. & Hamann, S., eds., Phonology in Perception. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 151190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P. (2015). Orthography plays a limited role when learning the phonological forms of new words: The case of Spanish and English learners of novel Dutch words. Applied Psycholinguistics, 36(1), 722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P., Benders, T., & Lipski, S. C. (2009). Native, non-native and L2 perceptual cue weighting for Dutch vowels: The case of Dutch, German, and Spanish listeners. Journal of Phonetics, 37(4), 452465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P., Benders, T., & Wanrooij, K. (2011). Enhanced bimodal distributions facilitate the learning of second language vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(4), EL206–EL212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P. & Boersma, P. (2002). The subset problem in L2 perceptual development: Multiple-category assimilation by Dutch learners of Spanish. In. Skarabela, B., Fish, S., & Do, A. H.-J., eds., Proceedings of the 26th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, pp. 208219.Google Scholar
Escudero, P. & Boersma, P. (2004). Bridging the gap between L2 speech perception research and phonological theory. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26(4), 551585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P., Broersma, M., & Simon, E. (2013). Learning words in a third language: Effects of vowel inventory and language proficiency. Language and Cognitive Processes, 28(6), 746761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P. & Hayes-Harb, R. (2022). The Ontogenesis Model may provide a useful guiding framework, but lacks explanatory power for the nature and development of L2 lexical representation. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 25(2), 212213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P., Hayes-Harb, R., & Mitterer, H. (2008). Novel second-language words and asymmetric lexical access. Journal of Phonetics, 36(2), 345360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P. & Kalashnikova, M. (2020). Infants use phonetic detail in speech perception and word learning when detail is easy to perceive. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 190, 104714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P., Kastelein, J., Weiand, K., & van Son, R. J. J. H. (2007). Formal modelling of L1 and L2 perceptual learning: Computational linguistics versus machine learning. In Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association. International Speech Communication Association, 18891892. www.isca-archive.org/interspeech_2007/escudero07_interspeech.pdf.Google Scholar
Escudero, P., Mulak, K. E., Elvin, J., & Traynor, N. M. (2018). “Mummy, keep it steady”: Phonetic variation shapes word learning at 15 and 17 months. Developmental Science, 21(5), e12640.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P., Mulak, K. E., Fu, C. S. L., & Singh, L. (2016a). More limitations to monolingualism: Bilinguals outperform monolinguals in implicit word learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1218. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P., Mulak, K. E., & Vlach, H. A. (2016b). Cross-situational learning of minimal word pairs. Cognitive Science, 40(2), 455465.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P., Mulak, K. E., & Vlach, H. A. (2016c). Infants encode phonetic detail during cross-situational word learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1419. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P., Simon, E., & Mitterer, H. (2012). The perception of English front vowels by North Holland and Flemish listeners: Acoustic similarity predicts and explains cross-linguistic and L2 perception. Journal of Phonetics, 40(2), 280288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P., Simon, E., & Mulak, K. E. (2014a). Learning words in a new language: Orthography doesn’t always help. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17(2), 384395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P., Sisinni, B., & Grimaldi, M. (2014b). The effect of vowel inventory and acoustic properties in Salento Italian learners of Southern British English vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 135(3), 15771584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P., Smit, E. A., & Angwin, A. J. (2023). Investigating orthographic versus auditory cross-situational word learning with online and lab-based testing. Language Learning, 73(2), 543577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudero, P., Smit, E. A., & Mulak, K. E. (2022). Explaining L2 lexical learning in multiple scenarios: Cross-situational word learning in L1 Mandarin L2 English speakers. Brain Sciences, 12(12), 1618.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P. & Vasiliev, P. (2011). Cross-language acoustic similarity predicts perceptual assimilation of Canadian English and Canadian French vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130, EL277–EL283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P. & Wanrooij, K. (2010). The effect of L1 orthography on non-native vowel perception. Language and Speech, 53(3), 343365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P. & Williams, D. (2012). Native dialect influences second-language vowel perception: Peruvian versus Iberian Spanish learners of Dutch. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 131(5), EL406–EL412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Escudero, P. & Williams, D. (2014). Distributional learning has immediate and long-lasting effects. Cognition, 133(2), 408413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friesen, D. C., Luo, L., Luk, G., & Bialystok, E. (2015). Proficiency and control in verbal fluency performance across the lifespan for monolinguals and bilinguals. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 30(3), 238250.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giezen, M. R., Escudero, P., & Baker, A. E. (2016). Rapid learning of minimally different words in five- to six-year-old children: Effects of acoustic salience and hearing impairment. Journal of Child Language, 43(2), 310337.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Golinkoff, R. M. & Alioto, A. (1995). Infant-directed speech facilitates lexical learning in adults hearing Chinese: Implications for language acquisition. Journal of Child Language, 22, 703726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gollan, T. H. & Kroll, J. F. (2001). Bilingual lexical access. In Rapp, B., ed., The Handbook of Cognitive Neuropsychology: What Deficits Reveal about the Human Mind. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press, pp. 321345.Google Scholar
Graf Estes, K. & Hurley, K. (2013). Infant-directed prosody helps infants map sounds to meanings. Infancy, 18, 797824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1, 6781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (2001). The bilingual’s language modes. In Nicol, J., ed., One Mind, Two Languages: Bilingual Language Processing. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 122.Google Scholar
Igarashi, Y., Nishikawa, K., Tanaka, K., & Mazuka, R. (2013). Phonological theory informs the analysis of intonational exaggeration in Japanese infant-directed speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134(2), 12831294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Junttila, K. & Ylinen, S. (2020). Intentional training with speech production supports children’s learning the meanings of foreign words: A comparison of four learning tasks. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kondo, M., Tsubaki, H., & Sagisaka, Y. (2015). Segmental variation of Japanese speakers’ English: Analysis of “the North Wind and the Sun” in AESOP corpus. Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan, 19(1), 317.Google Scholar
Kuhl, P. (2004). Early language acquisition: Cracking the speech code. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(11), 831843.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, L. & Escudero, P. (2023). How bidialectalism interacts with cross-language phonetic similarity in nonnative speech acquisition: Evidence from Shanghai and Mandarin Chinese. Applied Psycholinguistics, 44(6), 969990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maria, A. (1997). Introduction to modeling and simulation. In Andradóttir, S., Healy, K. J., Withers, D. H., & Nelson, B. L., eds., Proceedings of the 1997 Winter Simulation Conference. IEEE Computer Society, pp. 713. https://doi.org/10.1145/268437.268440.Google Scholar
McClelland, J. L. & Elman, J. L. (1986). The TRACE model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulak, K. E., Vlach, H. A., & Escudero, P. (2019). Cross-situational learning of phonologically overlapping words across degrees of ambiguity. Cognitive Science, 43(5), e12731.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norris, D., McQueen, J. M., & Cutler, A. (2000). Merging information in speech recognition: Feedback is never necessary. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23(3), 299325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ong, J. H., Burnham, D., & Escudero, P. (2015). Distributional learning of lexical tones: A comparison of attended vs. unattended listening. PLoS ONE, 10(7), e0133446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pino Escobar, G., Kalashnikova, M., & Escudero, P. (2018). Vocabulary matters! The relationship between verbal fluency and measures of inhibitory control in monolingual and bilingual children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 170, 177189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pino Escobar, G., Tuninetti, A., Antoniou, M., & Escudero, P. (2023). Understanding preschoolers’ word learning success in different scenarios: Disambiguation meets statistical learning and eBook reading. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1118142. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1118142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prince, A. & Smolensky, P. ([1993] 2002). Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Technical report, ROA Version 8/2002. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science. https://roa.rutgers.edu/files/537-0802/537-0802-PRINCE-0-0.PDF.Google Scholar
Schwartz, B. D. & Sprouse, R. A. (1996). L2 cognitive states and the Full Transfer/Full Access model. Second Language Research, 12(1), 4072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smit, E. A., Milne, A. J., & Escudero, P. (2022). Music perception abilities and ambiguous word learning: Is there cross-domain transfer in nonmusicians? Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 801263. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.801263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, L. & Yu, C. (2008). Infants rapidly learn word-referent mappings via cross-situational statistics. Cognition, 106(3), 15581568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tuninetti, A., Mulak, K. E., & Escudero, P. (2020). Cross-situational word learning in two foreign languages: Effects of native language and perceptual difficulty. Frontiers in Communication, 5, 602471. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2020.602471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uther, M., Knoll, M. A., & Burnham, D. (2007). Do you speak E-NG-L-I-SH? A comparison of foreigner- and infant-directed speech. Speech Communication, 49(1), 27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Leussen, J.-W. & Escudero, P. (2015). Learning to perceive and recognize a second language: The L2LP model revised. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1000. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01000.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wanrooij, K., Escudero, P., & Raijmakers, M. E. J. (2013). What do listeners learn from exposure to a vowel distribution? An analysis of listening strategies in distributional learning. Journal of Phonetics, 41(5), 307319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, D. & Escudero, P. (2014). Influences of listeners’ native and other dialects on cross-language vowel perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 01065. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01065.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, D., Escudero, P., & Gafos, A. (2018). Spectral change and duration as cues in Australian English listeners’ front vowel categorization. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 144(3), EL215–EL221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yazawa, K. (2020). Testing Second Language Linguistic Perception: A case study of Japanese, American English, and Australian English vowels [Doctoral dissertation, Waseda University]. Tokyo: Waseda University Repository. https://waseda.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/57858.Google Scholar
Yazawa, K., Konishi, T., Whang, J., Escudero, P., & Kondo, M. (2023a). Spectral and temporal implementation of Japanese speakers’ English vowel categories: A corpus-based study. Laboratory Phonology, 14(1), 133.Google Scholar
Yazawa, K., Whang, J., Kondo, M., & Escudero, P. (2023b). Feature-driven new sound category formation: Computational implementation with the L2LP model and beyond. Frontiers in Language Sciences, 2, 1303511. https://doi.org/10.3389/flang.2023.1303511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yazawa, K., Whang, J., Kondo, M., & Escudero, P. (2020). Language-dependent cue weighting: An investigation of perception modes in L2 learning. Second Language Research, 36(4), 557581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, C. & Smith, L. B. (2007). Rapid word learning under uncertainty via cross-situational statistics. Psychological Science, 18(5), 414420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Archer, S. L. & Curtin, S. (2018). Fourteen-month-olds’ sensitivity to acoustic salience in minimal pair word learning. Journal of Child Language, 45(5), 11981211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aslin, R. N., Pisoni, D. B., Hennessy, B. L., & Perey, A. J. (1981). Discrimination of voice onset time by human infants: New findings and implications for the effects of early experience. Child Development, 52(4), 11351145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrios, S. L., Namyst, A. M., Lau, E. F., Feldman, N. H., & Idsardi, W. J. (2016). Establishing new mappings between familiar phones: Neural and behavioral evidence for early automatic processing of nonnative contrasts. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 995.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Best, C. T., Goldstein, L. M., Nam, H., & Tyler, M. D. (2016). Articulating what infants attune to in native speech. Ecological Psychology: A Publication of the International Society for Ecological Psychology, 28(4), 216261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Best, C. T. & Tyler, M. (2007). Non-native and second language speech perception: Commonalities and complementarities. In Bohn, O. S. & Munro, M. J., eds., Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning: In Honor of James Emil Flege. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browman, C. P. & Goldstein, L. (1992). Articulatory phonology: An overview. Phonetica, 49(3–4), 155180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchwald, J. S., Guthrie, D., Schwafel, J., Erwin, R. J., & Van Lancker, D. (1994). Influence of language structure on brain-behavior development. Brain and Language, 46(4), 607619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burnham, D. K. (1986). Developmental loss of speech perception: Exposure to and experience with a first language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 7(3), 207239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheour-Luhtanen, M., Alho, K., Kujala, T., et al. (1995). Mismatch negativity indicates vowel discrimination in newborns. Hearing Research, 82(1), 5358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cowan, N. (2016). Working memory maturation: Can we get at the essence of cognitive growth? Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 11(2), 239264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Datta, H., Hestvik, A., Vidal, N., et al. (2020). Automaticity of speech processing in early bilingual adults and children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(2), 429445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, C., Aalto, D., Šimko, J., et al. (2016). Quantity language speakers show enhanced subcortical processing. Biological Psychology, 118, 169175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dehaene-Lambertz, G. & Dehaene, S. (1994). Speed and cerebral correlates of syllable discrimination in infants. Nature, 370(6487), 292295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Dupoux, E., & Gout, A. (2000). Electrophysiological correlates of phonological processing: A cross-linguistic study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(4), 635647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Diehl, R. L., Lotto, A. J., & Holt, L. L. (2004). Speech perception. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 149179.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flege, J. E. (1987). The production of “new” and “similar” phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification. Journal of Phonetics, 15(1), 4765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. (1995). Second language speech learning: Theory, findings and problems. In Strange, W., ed., Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research. Timonium, MD: York Press, pp. 233277.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E., Frieda, E. M., & Nozawa, T. (1997). Amount of native-language (L1) use affects the pronunciation of an L2. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 169186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Liu, S. (2001). The effect of experience on adults’ acquisition of a second language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23(4), 527552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García, P. B. & Froud, K. (2018). Perception of American English vowels by sequential Spanish-English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21(1), 80103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia-Sierra, A., Ramírez-Esparza, N., & Kuhl, P. K. (2016). Relationships between quantity of language input and brain responses in bilingual and monolingual infants. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 110, 117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garrido-Nag, K. (2013). The effects of attention on the mismatch response of infants. [Doctoral dissertation, City University of New York].Google Scholar
Grover, V., Shafer, V. L., Campanelli, L., Whalen, D. H., & Levy, E. S. (2021). Perception of American English consonants /v/ and /w/ by Hindi speakers of English. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 7(3), 370407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendry, A., Jones, E. J. H., & Charman, T. (2016). Executive function in the first three years of life: Precursors, predictors and patterns. Developmental Review, 42, 133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hisagi, M., Garrido-Nag, K., Datta, H., & Shafer, V. L. (2015). ERP indices of vowel processing in Spanish-English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(2), 271289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hisagi, M., Shafer, V. L., Strange, W., & Sussman, E. S. (2010). Perception of a Japanese vowel length contrast by Japanese and American English listeners: Behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Brain Research, 1360, 89105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hisagi, M., Shafer, V. L., Strange, W., & Sussman, E. S. (2015). Neural measures of a Japanese consonant length discrimination by Japanese and American English listeners: Effects of attention. Brain Research, 1626, 218231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoonhorst, I., Serniclaes, W., Collet, G., et al. (2009). N1b and Na subcomponents of the N100 long latency auditory evoked-potential: Neurophysiological correlates of voicing in French-speaking subjects. Clinical Neurophysiology, 120(5), 897903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koch, C. (2004). The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach. Englewood, CO: Roberts & Co.Google Scholar
Krishnan, A., Suresh, C. H., & Gandour, J. T. (2021). Cortical hemisphere preference and brainstem ear asymmetry reflect experience-dependent functional modulation of pitch. Brain and Language, 221, 104995.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K. A., Lacerda, F., Stevens, K. N., & Lindblom, B. (1992). Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age. Science, 255(5044), 606608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kujala, T. & Leminen, M. (2017). Low-level neural auditory discrimination dysfunctions in specific language impairment: A review on mismatch negativity findings. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 28, 6575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, C.-Y., Yen, H.-L., Yeh, P.-W., et al. (2012). Mismatch responses to lexical tone, initial consonant, and vowel in Mandarin-speaking preschoolers. Neuropsychologia, 50(14), 32283239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leppänen, P. H. T., Richardson, U., Pihko, E., et al. (2002). Brain responses to changes in speech sound durations differ between infants with and without familial risk for dyslexia. Developmental Neuropsychology, 22(1), 407422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levy, E. S. (2009a). Language experience and consonantal context effects on perceptual assimilation of French vowels by American-English learners of French. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 125(2), 11381152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levy, E. S. (2009b). On the assimilation–discrimination relationship in American English adults’ French vowel learning. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 126(5), 26702682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levy, E. S. & Strange, W. (2008). Perception of French vowels by American English adults with and without French language experience. Journal of Phonetics, 36(1), 141157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liberman, A. M. & Mattingly, I. G. (1985). The motor theory of speech perception revised. Cognition, 21(1), 136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, L., Ong, J. H., Tuninetti, A., & Escudero, P. (2018). One way or another: Evidence for perceptual asymmetry in pre-attentive learning of non-native contrasts. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luck, S. J. (2014). An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique, 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
MacKain, K. S., Best, C. T., & Strange, W. (1981). Categorical perception of English /r/ and /l/ by Japanese bilinguals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 2(4), 369390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKay, I. R., Flege, J. E., Piske, T., & Schirru, C. (2001). Category restructuring during second-language speech acquisition. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 110(1), 516528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mah, J., Goad, H., & Steinhauer, K. (2016). Using event-related brain potentials to assess perceptibility: The case of French speakers and English [h]. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
May, P. J. C. & Tiitinen, H. (2010). Mismatch negativity (MMN), the deviance-elicited auditory deflection, explained. Psychophysiology, 47(1), 66122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mersad, K., Kabdebon, C., & Dehaene-Lambertz, G. (2021). Explicit access to phonetic representations in 3-month-old infants. Cognition, 213, 104613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moerel, M., De Martino, F., & Formisano, E. (2014). An anatomical and functional topography of human auditory cortical areas. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 8, 225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, J. K. & Linthicum, F. H. (2007). The human auditory system: A timeline of development. International Journal of Audiology, 46(9), 460478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morgan, G., Curtin, M., & Botting, N. (2021). The interplay between early social interaction, language and executive function development in deaf and hearing infants. Infant Behavior & Development, 64, 101591.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morr, M. L., Shafer, V. L., Kreuzer, J. A., & Kurtzberg, D. (2002). Maturation of mismatch negativity in typically developing infants and preschool children. Ear and Hearing, 23(2), 118136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Näätänen, R., Kujala, T., & Winkler, I. (2011). Auditory processing that leads to conscious perception: A unique window to central auditory processing opened by the mismatch negativity and related responses. Psychophysiology, 48(1), 422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Näätänen, R., Lehtokoski, A., Lennes, M., et al. (1997). Language-specific phoneme representations revealed by electric and magnetic brain responses. Nature, 385(6615), 432434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nittrouer, S. & Miller, M. E. (1997). Predicting developmental shifts in perceptual weighting schemes. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101(4), 22532266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pater, J., Stager, C., & Werker, J. F. (2004). The perceptual acquisition of phonological contrasts. Language, 80(3), 384402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peltola, M. S., Tamminen, H., Toivonen, H., Kujala, T., & Näätänen, R. (2012). Different kinds of bilinguals: Different kinds of brains – the neural organisation of two languages in one brain. Brain and Language, 121(3), 261266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reh, R., Arredondo, M., & Werker, J. F. (2018). Understanding individual variation in levels of second language attainment through the lens of critical period mechanisms. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21(5), 930931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rinker, T., Shafer, V. L., Kiefer, M., Vidal, N., & Yu, Y. H. (2017). T-complex measures in bilingual Spanish-English and Turkish-German children and monolingual peers. PLoS ONE, 12(3), e0171992.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rinker, T., Yu, Y. H., Wagner, M., & Shafer, V. L. (2022). Language learning under varied conditions: Neural indices of speech perception in bilingual Turkish-German children and in monolingual children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15, 802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shafer, V. L., Kresh, S., Ito, K., et al. (2021). The neural timecourse of American English vowel discrimination by Japanese, Russian and Spanish second-language learners of English. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 24(4), 642655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shafer, V. L., Morr, M. L., Datta, H., Kurtzberg, D., & Schwartz, R. G. (2005). Neurophysiological indexes of speech processing deficits in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(7), 11681180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shafer, V. L., Schwartz, R. G., & Kurtzberg, D. (2004). Language-specific memory traces of consonants in the brain. Cognitive Brain Research, 18(3), 242254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shafer, V. L., Yu, Y. H., & Datta, H. (2010). Maturation of speech discrimination in 4-to 7-yr-old children as indexed by event-related potential mismatch responses. Ear and Hearing, 31(6), 735745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shafer, V. L., Yu, Y. H., & Datta, H. (2011). The development of English vowel perception in monolingual and bilingual infants: Neurophysiological correlates. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 527545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shafer, V. L., Yu, Y. H., & Garrido-Nag, K. (2012). Neural mismatch indices of vowel discrimination in monolingually and bilingually exposed infants: Does attention matter? Neuroscience Letters, 526(1), 1014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shafer, V. L., Yu, Y. H., & Wagner, M. (2015). Maturation of cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) to speech recorded from frontocentral and temporal sites: Three months to eight years of age. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 95(2), 7793.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharma, A. G. & Dorman, M. F. (2000). Neurophysiologic correlates of cross-language phonetic perception. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 107(5), 26972703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stark, R. E. & Heinz, J. M. (1996). Vowel perception in children with and without language impairment. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39(4), 860869.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steinschneider, M., Nourski, K. V., & Fishman, Y. I. (2013). Representation of speech in human auditory cortex: Is it special? Hearing Research, 305, 5773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strange, W. (2011). Automatic selective perception (ASP) of first and second language speech: A working model. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 456466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strange, W., Akahane-Yamada, R., Kubo, R., et al. (1998). Perceptual assimilation of American English vowels by Japanese listeners. Journal of Phonetics, 26(4), 311344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strange, W. & Shafer, V. L. (2008). Speech perception in second language learners: The re-education of selective perception. In Hansen Edwards, J. G. & Zampini, M. L., eds., Phonology and Second Language Acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 153191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundara, M., Polka, L., & Genesee, F. (2006). Language-experience facilitates discrimination of /d-th/ in monolingual and bilingual acquisition of English. Cognition, 100(2), 369388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sussman, E., Ritter, W., & Vaughan, H. G. (1998). Attention affects the organization of auditory input associated with the mismatch negativity system. Brain Research, 789(1), 130138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tamminen, H., Kujala, T., Näätänen, R., & Peltola, M. S. (2021). Aging and non-native speech perception: A phonetic training study. Neuroscience Letters, 740, 135430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trainor, L. J., Samuel, S. S., Desjardins, R. N., & Sonnadara, R. R. (2001). Measuring temporal resolution in infants using mismatch negativity. Neuroreport, 12(11), 24432448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wagner, M., Ortiz-Mantilla, S., Rusiniak, M., et al. (2022). Acoustic-level and language-specific processing of native and non-native phonological sequence onsets in the low gamma and theta-frequency bands. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wagner, M., Shafer, V. L., Martin, B., & Steinschneider, M. (2012). The phonotactic influence on the perception of a consonant cluster /pt/ by native English and native Polish listeners: A behavioral and event related potential (ERP) study. Brain and Language, 123(1), 3041.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wagner, M., Shafer, V. L., Martin, B., & Steinschneider, M. (2013). The effect of native-language experience on the sensory-obligatory components, the P1-N1-P2 and the T-complex. Brain Research, 1522, 3137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Werker, J. F. & Curtin, S. (2005). PRIMIR: A developmental framework of infant speech processing. Language Learning and Development, 1(2), 197234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werker, J. F., Fennell, C. T., Corcoran, K. M., & Stager, C. L. (2002). Infants’ ability to learn phonetically similar words: Effects of age and vocabulary size. Infancy, 3(1), 130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werker, J. F. & Lalonde, C. E. (1988). Cross-language speech perception: Initial capabilities and developmental change. Developmental Psychology, 24(5), 672683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werker, J. F. & Logan, J. S. (1985). Cross-language evidence for three factors in speech perception. Perception & Psychophysics, 37(1), 3544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Werker, J. F. & Tees, R. C. (1983). Developmental changes across childhood in the perception of non-native speech sounds. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 37(2), 278286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, L. (1977). The perception of stop consonant voicing by Spanish-English bilinguals. Perception & Psychophysics, 21(4), 289297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xi, J., Xu, H., Zhu, Y., et al. (2021). Categorical perception of Chinese lexical tones by late second language learners with high proficiency: Behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research (JSLHR), 64(12), 46954704.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yi, H. G., Leonard, M. K., & Chang, E. F. (2019). The encoding of speech sounds in the superior temporal gyrus. Neuron, 102(6), 10961110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, Y. H., Shafer, V. L., & Sussman, E. S. (2017). Neurophysiological and behavioral responses of Mandarin lexical tone processing. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yu, Y. H., Tessel, C., Han, H., et al. (2019). Neural indices of vowel discrimination in monolingual and bilingual infants and children. Ear and Hearing, 40(6), 13761390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Abrahamsson, N. (2003). Development and recoverability of L2 codas: A longitudinal study of Chinese-Swedish interphonology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 25(3), 313349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alshalawi, H. (1998). The acquisition of Arabic pharyngeals by native speakers of English. [Unpublished manuscript, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ].Google Scholar
Altenberg, E. & Vago, R. (1983). Theoretical implications of an error analysis of second language phonology production. Language Learning, 33, 427447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, R. (1983). Transfer to somewhere. In Gass, S. M. & Selinker, L., eds., Language Transfer in Language Learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, pp. 177201.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. (1987). The Markedness Differential Hypothesis and syllable structure difficulty. In Ioup, G. & Weinberger, S. H., eds., Interlanguage Phonology: The Acquisition of a Second Language Sound System. New York: Newbury House, pp. 279291.Google Scholar
Archibald, J. (2021). Ease and difficulty in L2 phonology: A mini-review. Frontiers in Communication, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.626529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ausubel, D. P. (1963). The Psychology of Meaningful Verbal Learning. New York: Grune & Stratten.Google Scholar
Ausubel, D. P., Novak, J. D., & Hanesian, H. (1978). Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View, 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.Google Scholar
Best, C. T. (1995). A direct realist view of cross-language speech perception. In Strange, W., ed., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Timonium, MD: York Press, pp. 171204.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1981). Roots of Language. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma.Google Scholar
Bohn, O.-S. (2020). Cross-language phonetic relationships account for most, but not all L2 speech learning problems: The role of universal phonetic biases and generalized sensitivities. In Wrembel, M., Kiełkiewicz-Janowiak, A, & Gąsiorowski, P., eds., Approaches to the Study of Sound Structure and Speech: Interdisciplinary Work in Honour of Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kołaczyk. London: Routledge, pp. 171184.Google Scholar
Bugelski, B. R. (1942). Interferences with recall of original responses after learning new responses to old stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 30, 368379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caramazza, A., Yeni-Komshian, G. H., Zurif, E. B., & Carbone, E. (1973). The acquisition of a new phonological contrast: The case of stop consonants in French-English bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 54, 421428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlisle, R. S. (2017). Environmental markedness in Portuguese-English contact. In Yavaş, M., Kehoe, M., & Cardoso, W., eds., Romance-Germanic Bilingual Phonology. Sheffield: Equinox, pp. 157180.Google Scholar
Carlisle, R. S. & Espinosa, J. A. C. (2015). The production of /sC/ onsets in a markedness relationship: Investigating the Ontogeny Phylogeny Model with longitudinal data. In Yavaş, M., ed., Unusual Productions in Phonology: Universals and Language-Specific Considerations. New York: Psychology Press, pp. 183205.Google Scholar
Dickerson, L. B. & Dickerson, W. B. (1977). Interlanguage phonology: Current research and future directions. In Corder, S. P. & Roulet, E., eds., Actes du 5ème colloque de linguistique appliquée. Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Faculté de Lettres, pp. 1829.Google Scholar
Donegan, P. & Stampe, D. (1979). The study of natural phonology. In Dinnsen, D. A., ed., Current Approaches to Phonological Theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 126173.Google Scholar
Eckman, F. R. (1977). Markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Language Learning, 27, 315330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckman, F. R. (2018). Markedness and advanced development. In Malovrh, P. A. & Benati, A. G., eds., The Handbook of Advanced Proficiency in Second Language Acquisition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 264281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckman, F. R., Iverson, G. K., & Song, J. Y. (2015). Overt and covert contrast in L2 phonology. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation, 1, 254–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flege, J. E. (1987). The production of “new” and “similar” phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification. Journal of Phonetics, 15, 4765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. (1995). Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In Strange, W., ed., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Linguistic Research. Timonium, MD: York Press, pp. 233277.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Bohn, O.-S. (2021). The revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r). In Wayland, R., ed., Second Language Speech Learning: Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gagné, R. M. (1977). The Conditions of Learning, 3rd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.Google Scholar
Hancin-Bhatt, B. & Bhatt, R. M. (1997). Optimal L2 syllables: Interactions of transfer and developmental effects. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 331378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hecht, B. F. & Mulford, R. (1982). The acquisition of a second language phonology: Interaction of transfer and developmental factors. Applied Psycholinguistics, 3, 313328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakobson, R. ([1941] 1968). Child Language, Aphasia, and Phonological Universals (trans. A. R. Keiler). The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, A. R. (1983). Transferability and dialect phonology: Swabian: Swabian English. In James, A. & Kettemann, B., eds., Dialektphonologie und Fremdsprachenerwerb [Dialect phonology and foreign language acquisition]. Tübingen, Germany: Narr, pp. 162188.Google Scholar
Jevring, C. (2015). I perceive, therefore I produce? A study on the perception and production of three English consonantal sounds by Swedish L2 learners. [Unpublished master’s thesis, Stockholm University].Google Scholar
Johansson, F. A. (1973). Immigrant Swedish Phonology. Lund, Sweden: Gleerup.Google Scholar
Kehoe, M. (2015). Cross-linguistic interaction: A retrospective and prospective view. In Babatsouli, E. & Ingram, D., eds., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Monolingual and Bilingual Speech 2015. Chania, Greece: Institute of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech, pp. 141167.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1994). Principles of Linguistic Change. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Leopold, W. (1944). Sound Learning in the First Two Years. Vol. II of Speech Development of a Bilingual Child: A Linguist’s Record. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Maddieson, I. (1984). Patterns of Sounds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (1977). Phonological differentiation of a bilingual child. Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics, 22, 88122.Google Scholar
Major, R. C. (1981). Stress-timing in Brazilian Portuguese. Journal of Phonetics, 9, 343351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (1985). Stress and rhythm in Brazilian Portuguese. Language, 61, 259282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (1986a). The Ontogeny Model: Evidence from L2 acquisition of Spanish Language Learning, 36, 453504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (1986b). Paragoge and degree of foreign accent in Brazilian English. Second Language Research, 2, 5371.Google Scholar
Major, R. C. (1987a). Phonological similarity, markedness, and rate of L2 acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 9, 6382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (1987b). A model for interlanguage phonology. In Ioup, G. & Weinberger, S. H., eds., Interlanguage Phonology: The Acquisition of a Second Language Sound System. New York: Newbury House, pp. 101125.Google Scholar
Major, R. C. (1992). Losing English as a first language. Modern Language Journal, 76, 190208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (1994). Chronological and stylistic aspects of second language acquisition of consonant clusters. Language Learning, 44, 655680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (1996). Markedness in second language acquisition of consonant clusters. In Bayley, R. & Preston, D. R., eds., Variation Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 7596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (2004). Gender and stylistic variation in second language phonology. Language Variation and Change, 16, 169188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (2010). First language attrition in foreign accent perception. International Journal of Bilingualism, 14, 163183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. ([2001] 2014). Foreign Accent: The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Second Language Phonology. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd.Google Scholar
Major, R. C. (2018). Foreign accent. In Chapelle, C. A., ed., The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Major, R. C. & Faudree, M. C. (1996). Markedness universals and the acquisition of voicing contrasts in Korean speakers of English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18, 6990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. & Kim, E. (1996). The Similarity Differential Rate Hypothesis. Language Learning, 46, 465496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyer, A. (2021). The Gifted Language Learner: A Case of Nature or Nurture? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musau, P. M. (1993). Aspects of Interphonology: The Study of Kenyan Learners of Swahili. Bayreuth, Germany: Bayreuth University.Google Scholar
Nemser, W. (1971a). An Experimental Study of Phonological Interference in the English of Hungarians. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Nemser, W. (1971b). Approximative systems of foreign learners. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, 115124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oller, J. W. & Ziahosseiny, S. M. (1970). The contrastive analysis hypothesis and spelling errors. Language Learning, 20, 183189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osgood, C. A. (1949). The similarity paradox in human learning: A resolution. Psychological Review, 56, 132143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prince, A. & Smolensky, P. (1997). Optimality: From neural networks to universal grammar. Science, 275, 16041610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prince, A. & Smolensky, P. (2004). Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, R. W. (1977). Sociolinguistic variation and language transfer in phonology. Working Papers in Bilingualism, 12, 7995.Google Scholar
Schnitzer, M. L. & Krasinski, E. (1994). The development of segmental phonological production in a bilingual child. Journal of Child Language, 21, 585622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schumann, J. H. (1978). The Pidginization Process: A Model for Second Language Acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10, 209231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, J. J. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stampe, D. (1969). The acquisition of phonetic representation. Papers from the Fifth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 5, 443453.Google Scholar
Tarone, E. (1988). Variation in Interlanguage. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Taylor, B. P. (1975). The use of overgeneralization and transfer learning strategies by elementary and intermediate students of ESL. Language Learning, 25, 73107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trubetzkoy, N. ([1939] 1958). Grundzuüge der Phonologie [Fundamentals of Phonology] (Travaux du cercle linguistique de Prague 7 [Prague Linguistic Circle Papers]). Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. (1986). Dialects in Contact. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. & Hannah, J. (1994). International English: A Guide to Varieties of Standard English, 3rd ed. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Valdman, A. (2015). Haitian Creole: Structure, Variation, Status, Origin. Sheffield: Equinox.Google Scholar
Verhaar, J. W. M. (1995). Toward a Reference Grammar of Tok Pisin: An Experiment in Corpus Linguistics. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Volterra, V. & Taeschner, T. (1978). The acquisition and development of language by bilingual children. Journal of Child Language, 5, 311326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in Contact. New York: Linguistic Circle of New York.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. & Møllergard, E. (1981). Errors in the production of vowel no. 10 /ʌ/ by Norwegian learners of English. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 19, 6976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wode, H. (1981). Phonology in L2 Acquisition: Learning a Second Language. Tübingen, Germany: Narr.Google Scholar
Yang, Y., Chen, C., & Xiao, Q. (2020). Cross-linguistic similarity in L2 speech learning: Evidence from the acquisition of Russian stop contrasts by Mandarin speakers. Second Language Research, 1, 127.Google Scholar
Yavaş, M. (1997). The effects of vowel height and place of articulation in interlanguage final stop devoicing. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 115125.Google Scholar
Young-Scholten, M. (1985). Interference reconsidered: The role of similarity in second language acquisition. Selecta, 6, 612.Google Scholar
Zampini, M. L. (1994). The role of native language transfer and task formality in the acquisition of Spanish spirantization. Hispania, 77, 470481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zobl, H. (1980). The formal and developmental selectivity of L1 influence on L2 acquisition. Language Learning, 30, 4357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Amengual, M. (2016a). Cross-linguistic influence in the bilingual mental lexicon: Evidence of cognate effects in the phonetic production and processing of a vowel contrast. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amengual, M. (2016b). The perception of language-specific phonetic categories does not guarantee accurate phonological representations in the lexicon of early bilinguals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 37(5), 12211251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amengual, M. (2018). Asymmetrical interlingual influence in the production of Spanish and English laterals as a result of competing activation in bilingual language processing. Journal of Phonetics, 69, 1228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antoniou, M., Best, C. T., Tyler, M. D., & Kroos, C. (2010). Language context elicits native-like stop voicing in early bilinguals’ productions in both L1 and L2. Journal of Phonetics, 38(4), 640653.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antoniou, M., Tyler, M. D., & Best, C. T. (2012). Two ways to listen: Do L2-dominant bilinguals perceive stop voicing according to language mode? Journal of Phonetics, 40(4), 582594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, W. & Trofimovich, P. (2005). Interaction of native- and second-language vowel system(s) in early and late bilinguals. Language and Speech, 48(1), 127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barlow, J. A. (2014). Age of acquisition and allophony in Spanish-English bilinguals. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Best, C. T. & Tyler, M. D. (2007). Nonnative and second-language speech perception: Commonalities and complementarities. In Bohn, O.-S. & Munro, M. J., eds., Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning: In Honor of James Emil Flege, Vol. 17. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, E. K. & Copple, M. T. (2018). Constructing two phonological systems: A phonetic analysis of /p/, /t/, /k/ among early Spanish-English bilingual speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 22(1), 5168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruggeman, L. (2016). Nativeness, dominance, and the flexibility of listening to spoken language. [Doctoral dissertation, Western Sydney University].Google Scholar
Bruggeman, L. & Cutler, A. (2020). No L1 privilege in talker adaptation. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(3), 681693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, B. E. & Toribio, A. J. (2009). Trying to hit a moving target: On the sociophonetics of code-switching. In Isurin, L., Winford, D., & deBot, K., eds., Studies in Bilingualism, Vol. 41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 189206.Google Scholar
Canseco-Gonzalez, E., Brehm, L., Brick, C. A., et al. (2010). Carpet or cárcel: The effect of age of acquisition and language mode on bilingual lexical access. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(5), 669705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caramazza, A., Yeni-Komshian, G. H., Zurif, E. B., & Carbone, E. (1973). The acquisition of a new phonological contrast: The case of stop consonants in French-English bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 54(2), 421428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casillas, J. V. (2021). Interlingual interactions elicit performance mismatches not “compromise” categories in early bilinguals: Evidence from meta-analysis and coronal stops. Languages, 9(6), 120.Google Scholar
Casillas, J. V. & Simonet, M. (2016). Production and perception of the English /æ/–/a/ contrast in switched-dominance speakers. Second Language Research, 32(2), 171195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casillas, J. V. & Simonet, M. (2018). Perceptual categorization and bilingual language modes: Assessing the double phonemic boundary in early and late bilinguals. Journal of Phonetics, 71, 5164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, L., Johnson, K., & Babel, M. (2020). Lexically-guided perceptual learning in early Cantonese-English bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147(3), EL277–EL282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, C. B. (2012). Rapid and multifaceted effects of second-language learning on first-language speech production. Journal of Phonetics, 40(2), 249268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B. (2019). The phonetics of second language learning and bilingualism. In Katz, W. F. and Assmann, P. F., eds., The Routledge Handbook of Phonetics. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 427447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B., Yao, Y., Haynes, E. F., & Rhodes, R. (2011). Production of phonetic and phonological contrast by heritage speakers of Mandarin. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 129(6), 39643980.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chevrot, J.-P. & Ghimenton, A. (2018). Bilingualism and bidialectalism. In De Houwer, A. & Ortega, L., eds., The Cambridge Handbook of Bilingualism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 510523.Google Scholar
Cutler, A., Burchfield, L. A., & Antoniou, M. (2019). A critical interlocutor tally for successful talker adaptation? In Calhoun, S., Escudero, P., Tabain, M., & Warren, P., eds., Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 2019). Canberra: Australasian Speech Science and Technology Association, pp. 14851489.Google Scholar
Drozdova, P., Van Hout, R., & Scharenborg, O. (2016). Lexically-guided perceptual learning in non-native listening. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19(5), 914920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisner, F. & McQueen, J. M. (2006). Perceptual learning in speech: Stability over time. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(4), 19501953.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ettlinger, M. (2007). An exemplar-based model of chain shifts. In Trouvain, J. & Barry, W. J., eds., Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of the Phonetic Science. Dudweiler: Pirrot, pp. 685688.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E. (1987). The production of “new” and “similar” phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification. Journal of Phonetics, 15(1), 4765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. (1995). Second-language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In Strange, W., ed., Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-Language Research. Timonium, MD: York Press, pp. 229273.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Bohn, O.-S. (2021). The revised Speech Learning Model. In Wayland, R., ed., Second Language Speech Learning: Theoretical and Empirical Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E. & Liu, S. (2001). The effect of experience on adults’ acquisition of a second language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23(4), 527552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J., & MacKay, I. R. (1995). Effects of age of second-language learning on the production of English consonants. Speech Communication, 16(1), 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Yeni-Komshian, G. H., & Liu, S. (1999). Age constraints on second-language acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language, 41(1), 78104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fricke, M., Kroll, J. F., & Dussias, P. E. (2016). Phonetic variation in bilingual speech: A lens for studying the production–comprehension link. Journal of Memory and Language, 89, 110137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia-Sierra, A., Diehl, R. L., & Champlin, C. (2009). Testing the double phonemic boundary in bilinguals. Speech Communication, 51(4), 369378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
García-Sierra, A., Ramírez-Esparza, N., Silva-Pereyra, J., Siard, J., & Champlin, C. A. (2012). Assessing the double phonemic representation in bilingual speakers of Spanish and English: An electrophysiological study. Brain and Language, 121(3), 194205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gertken, L. M., Amengual, M., & Birdsong, D. (2014). Assessing language dominance with the bilingual language profile. In Leclercq, P., Edmonds, A., & Hilton, H., eds., Measuring L2 proficiency: Perspectives from SLA. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters, pp. 208225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldinger, S. D. (1996). Words and voices: Episodic traces in spoken word identification and recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(5), 11661183.Google ScholarPubMed
Goldinger, S. D. (1998). Echoes of echoes? An episodic theory of lexical access. Psychological Review, 105(2), 251279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gonzales, K. & Lotto, A. J. (2013). A bafri, un pafri: Bilinguals’ pseudoword identifications support language-specific phonetic systems. Psychological Science, 24(11), 21352142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grosjean, F. (1998). Transfer and language mode. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1(3), 175176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosjean, F. (2008). Studying Bilinguals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guion, S. G. (2003). The vowel systems of Quichua-Spanish bilinguals. Phonetica, 60(2), 98128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gullifer, J. W. & Titone, D. (2020). Characterizing the social diversity of bilingualism using language entropy. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 23(2), 283294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrington, J., Kleber, F., Reubold, U., Schiel, F., & Stevens, M. (2018). Linking cognitive and social aspects of sound change using agent-based modeling. Topics in Cognitive Science, 10(4), 707728.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrington, J. & Schiel, F. (2017). /u/-fronting and agent-based modeling: The relationship between the origin and spread of sound change. Language, 93(2), 414445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, J., Warren, P., & Drager, K. (2006). Factors influencing speech perception in the context of a merger-in-progress. Journal of Phonetics, 34(4), 458484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henriksen, N., Coetzee, A. W., García-Amaya, L., & Fischer, M. (2021). Exploring language dominance through code-switching: Intervocalic voiced stop lenition in Afrikaans–Spanish bilinguals. Phonetica, 78(3), 201240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hintzman, D. L. (1986). Schema abstraction in a multiple-trace memory model. Psychological Review, 93(4), 411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, J. (2005). Using Māori English in New Zealand. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 172, 91115.Google Scholar
Jesse, A. (2021). Sentence context guides phonetic retuning to speaker idiosyncrasies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 47(1), 184.Google ScholarPubMed
Jiang, N. & Forster, K. I. (2001). Cross-language priming asymmetries in lexical decision and episodic recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 44(1), 3251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, K. (1997). Speech perception without speaker normalization: An exemplar model. In Johnson, K. & Mullennix, J., eds., Talker Variability in Speech Processing. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 145165.Google Scholar
Johnson, K. A. & Babel, M. (2023). Language contact within the speaker: Phonetic variation and crosslinguistic influence. Language and Speech, 0(0), 137. https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309231182592.Google Scholar
Jusczyk, P. W. (1993). From general to language-specific capacities: The WRAPSA model of how speech perception develops. Journal of Phonetics, 21(1–2), 328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, D., Clayards, M., & Goad, H. (2018). A longitudinal study of individual differences in the acquisition of new vowel contrasts. Journal of Phonetics, 67, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraljic, T. & Samuel, A. G. (2007). Perceptual adjustments to multiple speakers. Journal of Memory and Language, 56(1), 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maclagan, M., King, J., & Gillon, G. (2008). Māori English. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 22(8), 658670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacLeod, A. A. N., Stoel-Gammon, C., & Wassink, A. B. (2009). Production of high vowels in Canadian English and Canadian French: A comparison of early bilingual and monolingual speakers. Journal of Phonetics, 37(4), 374387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Major, R. C. (1992). Losing English as a first language. Modern Language Journal, 76(2), 190208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marian, V. & Hayakawa, S. (2021). Measuring bilingualism: The quest for a “bilingualism quotient.Applied Psycholinguistics, 42(2), 527548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1984). Function and process in spoken word recognition. In Bouma, H. & Bouwhuis, D. G., eds., Attention and Performance: Control of Language Processes. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 125150.Google Scholar
Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1987). Functional parallelism in spoken word-recognition. Cognition, 25(1–2), 71102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McClelland, J. L. & Elman, J. L. (1986). The trace model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology, 18(1), 186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McQueen, J. M., Cutler, A., & Norris, D. (2006). Phonological abstraction in the mental lexicon. Cognitive Science, 30(6), 11131126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mennen, I., Scobbie, J. M., de Leeuw, E., Schaeffler, S., & Schaeffler, F. (2010). Measuring language-specific phonetic settings. Second Language Research, 26(1), 1341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesgarani, N., Cheung, C., Johnson, K., & Chang, E. F. (2014). Phonetic feature encoding in human superior temporal gyrus. Science, 343(6174), 10061010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montrul, S. & Foote, R. (2014). Age of acquisition interactions in bilingual lexical access: A study of the weaker language of L2 learners and heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 18(3), 274303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, D. (1994). Shortlist: A connectionist model of continuous speech recognition. Cognition, 52(3), 189234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, D., McQueen, J. M., & Cutler, A. (2003). Perceptual learning in speech. Cognitive Psychology, 47(2), 204238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nosofsky, R. M. (1986). Attention, similarity, and the identification–categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115(1), 3957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nosofsky, R. M. (1992). Similarity scaling and cognitive process models. Annual Review of Psychology, 43(1), 2553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. J. (2016). The role of code-switching and language context in bilingual phonetic transfer. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 46(3), 263285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pallier, C., Colomé, A., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2001). The influence of native-language phonology on lexical access: Exemplar-based versus abstract lexical entries. Psychological Science, 12(6), 445449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmeri, T. J., Goldinger, S. D., & Pisoni, D. B. (1993). Episodic encoding of voice attributes and recognition memory for spoken words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19(2), 309328.Google ScholarPubMed
Pierrehumbert, J. B. (2001). Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition, and contrast. In Bybee, J. & Hopper, P. J., eds., Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 137158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J. B. (2002). Word-specific phonetics. In Gussenhoven, C. & Warner, N., eds., Laboratory Phonology 7. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 101140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J. B. (2003). Phonetic diversity, statistical learning, and acquisition of phonology. Language and Speech, 46(2–3), 115154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pierrehumbert, J. B. (2016). Phonological representation: Beyond abstract versus episodic. Annual Review of Linguistics, 2, 3352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinisch, E., Weber, A., & Mitterer, H. (2013). Listeners retune phoneme categories across languages. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39(1), 7586.Google ScholarPubMed
Samuel, A. G. (2016). Lexical representations are malleable for about one second: Evidence for the non-automaticity of perceptual recalibration. Cognitive Psychology, 88, 88114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samuel, A. G. (2020). Psycholinguists should resist the allure of linguistic units as perceptual units. Journal of Memory and Language, 111, 104070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuel, A. G. & Frost, R. (2015). Lexical support for phonetic perception during nonnative spoken word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(6), 17461752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sancier, M. L. & Fowler, C. A. (1997). Gestural drift in a bilingual speaker of Brazilian Portuguese and English. Journal of Phonetics, 25(4), 421436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonet, M. (2011). Production of a Catalan-specific vowel contrast by early Spanish-Catalan bilinguals. Phonetica, 68(1–2), 88110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simonet, M. (2014). Phonetic consequences of dynamic cross-linguistic interference in proficient bilinguals. Journal of Phonetics, 43, 2637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonet, M. & Amengual, M. (2020). Increased language co-activation leads to enhanced cross-linguistic phonetic convergence. International Journal of Bilingualism, 24(2), 208221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sjerps, M. J., Fox, N. P., Johnson, K., & Chang, E. F. (2019). Speaker-normalized sound representations in the human auditory cortex. Nature Communications, 10(1), 19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skousen, R. (1989). Analogical Modeling of Language. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.Google Scholar
Soo, R. & Monahan, P. J. (2023). Language dominance and order of acquisition affect auditory translation priming in heritage speakers. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 76(2), 284293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soo, R., Sidiqi, A., Shah, M., & Monahan, P. J. (2020). Lexical bias in second language perception: Word position, age of arrival, and native language phonology. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 148(4), EL326–EL332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sóskuthy, M. (2015). Understanding change through stability: A computational study of sound change actuation. Lingua, 163, 4060.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumner, M., Kim, S. K., King, E., & McGowan, K. B. (2014). The socially weighted encoding of spoken words: A dual-route approach to speech perception. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 1015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sundara, M., Polka, L., & Baum, S. (2006). Production of coronal stops by simultaneous bilingual adults. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9(1), 97114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szakay, A. (2012). Voice quality as a marker of ethnicity in New Zealand: From acoustics to perception. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 16(3), 382397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szakay, A., Babel, M., & King, J. (2016). Social categories are shared across bilinguals’ lexicons. Journal of Phonetics, 59, 92109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Todd, S., Pierrehumbert, J. B., & Hay, J. (2019). Word frequency effects in sound change as a consequence of perceptual asymmetries: An exemplar-based model. Cognition, 185, 1-20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tupper, P. F. (2015). Exemplar dynamics and sound merger in language. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Journal on Applied Mathematics, 75(4), 14691492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, A. & Scharenborg, O. (2012). Models of spoken-word recognition. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 3(3), 387401.Google ScholarPubMed
Wedel, A. (2006). Exemplar models, evolution and language change. Linguistic Review, 23(3), 247274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wedel, A. (2012). Lexical contrast maintenance and the organization of sublexical contrast systems. Language and Cognition, 4(4), 319355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wedel, A. & Fatkullin, I. (2017). Category competition as a driver of category contrast. Journal of Language Evolution, 2(1), 7793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wells, J. C. (1982). Accents of English: An Introduction, Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, I. & Gick, B. (2014). Bilinguals use language-specific articulatory settings. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 57(2), 361373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yao, Y. & Chang, C. B. (2016). On the cognitive basis of contact-induced sound change: Vowel merger reversal in Shanghainese. Language, 92(2), 433467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, Y. & Samuel, A. G. (2017). Does seeing an Asian face make speech sound more accented? Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 79(6), 18411859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×