Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T08:58:10.206Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

2 - Language Planning in the Arab World in an Age of Anxiety

from Part I - Arabic Applied Linguistics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2021

Karin Ryding
Affiliation:
Georgetown University, Washington DC
David Wilmsen
Affiliation:
American University of Beirut
Get access

Summary

Tackling a knotty but crucial issue, Hussein Elkhafaifi examines deep-seated and protracted challenges of language planning in the Arab world. The long legacy of variation and language shift in spoken Arabic has led not only to the evolution of fixed boundaries between vernacular and written Arabic, but also to vigorous attempts to monitor, control, and update the written language, especially its lexical resources. Academies dedicated to strengthening and extending the lexicon of Modern Standard Arabic have existed for a century or more in several Arab countries, but have faced problems in dealing with modernization and expansion, challenged not only by the vigorous thriving of vernacular Arabic, but also by competition from Western languages such as English and French, especially in higher education, where wholesale borrowing of terms seems to continue unabated.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abuhamdia, Z. A. (1984). The dilemma of academies of Arabic: An analysis of the environment and work of the Jordan Academy of Arabic. Muslim Education Quarterly, 1, 5784.Google Scholar
Antia, B. E. (2000). Terminology and Language Planning: An Alternative Framework of Practice and Discourse. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Benabdi, L. C. (1980). Arabization in Algeria: Processes and Problems. PhD dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington.Google Scholar
Benkharafa, M. (2013). The present situation of the Arabic language and the Arab World Commitment to Arabization. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3(2), 201–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benrabah, M. (2013). Language Conflict in Algeria, From Colonialism to Post-Independence. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Bentahila, A. (1983). Language Attitudes among Arabic–French Bilinguals in Morocco. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Bin Murad, I. (1985). Al-muṣṭalaḥ al-ʿajamī fī kutub al-ṭibb wa-al-ṣaydal al-ʿarabiyya [Arabic Terminology in Medicine and Pharmacy Books], vol. 1. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islamī.Google Scholar
Clyne, M. (1997). Undoing and Redoing Corpus Planning. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Cooper, R. L. (1989). Language Planning and Social Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Daoud, M. (2002). Language policy and planning in Tunisia: Accommodating language rivalry. In Baker, Steven J., ed., Language Policy: Lessons from Global Models. Monterey, CA: Monterey Institute of International Studies, 206–24.Google Scholar
Eastman, C. M. (1983). Language Planning: An Introduction. San Francisco, CA: Chandler and Sharp.Google Scholar
Elkhafaifi, H. M. (1985). The Role of the Cairo Academy in Coining Arabic Scientific Terminology: An Historical and Linguistic Evaluation. PhD dissertation, Salt Lake City, University of Utah.Google Scholar
El-Mouloudi, A. B. (1986). Arabic Language Planning: The Case of Lexical Modernization. PhD dissertation, Washington, DC, Georgetown University.Google Scholar
Fassi Fehri, A. (2013). Al-sīyāsa al-lughawiyya fī al-bilād al-ʿarabyiyya (Language Policy in the Arab Countries). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Jadīd al-Muttaḥida.Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. (1959). Diglossia. Word, 15, 325–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Findlow, S. (2001). Global and local tensions in an Arab Gulf State: Conflicting values in UAE higher education Paper delivered at international conference, Traveling Policy/Local Space: Globalization, Identities, and Education Policy in Europe, Keele University, 27–29 June.Google Scholar
Fishman, J. (1983). Modeling rationales in corpus planning: modernity and tradition in images of the good corpus. In Cobarrubias, Juan and Fishman, Joshua A., eds., Progress in Language Planning: International Perspectives. Berlin: Mouton, 107–18.Google Scholar
Galinski, C. (1998). Terminology infrastructures and the terminology market in Europe. Internet-Zeitschrift für Kulturwissenschaften. www.inst.at/trans/0Nr/galinski.htm.Google Scholar
Guttenplan, D. D. (2012). Battling to preserve Arabic from English’s onslaught. New York Times, Monday, 11 June 2012. www.nytimes.com/2012/06/11/world/middleeast/11iht-educlede11.html.Google Scholar
Harris, R. G. (1998). Economic Approaches to Language and Bilingualism: New Canadian Perspectives. Ottawa: Department of Public Works and Government Services, Canada.Google Scholar
Kaplan, R. B. and Baldauf, R. D. Jr. (1997). Language Planning. From Practice to Theory. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karam, F. X. (1974). Toward a definition of language planning. In Fishman, J. A., ed., Advances in Language Planning. The Hague: Mouton, 103–24.Google Scholar
Khaleefa, A. (1983). What JAA Stands for. Open House Meeting with the press and the public, 9 October 1983. In Arabic.Google Scholar
Khaleefa, A. (1993). Qaḍāyā istiʿmāl al-lugha al-ʿarabīya fī al-maghrib. [Issues in the Use of Arabic in Morocco]. Proceedings of the Rabat Colloquium. Maṭbūʿāt Akādimīyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribīya.Google Scholar
Langacker, R. (1973). Language and Its Structure: Some Fundamental Linguistic Concepts. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Maamouri, M. (1998). Language Education and Human Development. Arabic Diglossia and Its Impact on the Quality of Education in the Arab Region. Discussion paper prepared for the World Bank. Philadelphia: International Literacy Institute.Google Scholar
Rubin, J. (1983). Evaluating status planning: What has the past decade accomplished? In Cobarrubias, J. and Fishman, J., eds., Progress in Language Planning: International Perspectives. Berlin: Mouton, 329–43.Google Scholar
Sawaie, M. (2000). Rifaʿa Rafiʿ al-Tahtawi and his contribution to the lexical development of modern literary Arabic. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 32(3), 395410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaaban, K. (2007). Language policies and language planning. In Versteegh, K., Eid, M., Elgibali, A., Woidich, M., and Zaborski, A., eds., Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, vol. II. Leiden: Brill, 694707.Google Scholar
Shaaban, K. and Ghaith, G. (1999). Lebanon’s language-in-education policies: from bilingualism to trilingualism. Language Problems and Language Planning, 23(1), 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suleiman, S. M. (1985). Jordanian Arabic between Diglossia and Bilingualism: Linguistic Analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suleiman, Y. (1999). Language education policy – Arabic-speaking countries. In Spolsky, Bernard, ed., Concise Encyclopedia of Educational Linguistics. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 106–16.Google Scholar
Suleiman, Y. (2014). Arab(ic) language anxiety. Tracing a ‘condition.’ Al-ʿArabiyya, 47, 5781.Google Scholar
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2002). Arab Human Development Report 2002: Creating Opportunities for Future Generations. UNDP Regional Bureau for Arab States.Google Scholar
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2003). Arab Human Development Report 2003: Building a Knowledge Society. UNDP Regional Bureau for Arab States.Google Scholar
Van Mol, M. and Paulussen, H. (2001). AraLat: A relational database for the development of bilingual Arabic dictionaries. In Lee, S., ed., Proceedings of Asialex 2001, Asian Bilingualism and the Dictionary. Seoul, August 2001 206–11.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×