Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T16:19:11.085Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - State and Economy

Production, Extraction, and Distribution

from Part I - Before 1000

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2022

Debin Ma
Affiliation:
Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo
Richard von Glahn
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles
Get access

Summary

The integrity and durability of the Chinese empire over two millennia rested on the strength of its fiscal capacity. From antiquity, sovereignty was linked to the ruler’s duty to provide for the economic as well as moral welfare of his subjects. Rulers of the Bronze Age manifested and reproduced their authority through distribution of wealth among their kinsmen and noble allies. The autocratic monarchs who rose to dominance after 500 bce amassed wealth to buttress their military prowess, but they also strove to protect the independence and livelihood of the smallholder family farmers who undergirded their economic prosperity. The institutional apparatus of the fiscal state – centralized planning of taxation and expenditure to satisfy the state’s commitments to good governance – became a defining feature of the first empires, beginning with the Qin dynasty (221–206 bce). Yet at the same time the rise of a market economy also shaped the relationship between the state and its subjects. Even the command economy instituted by the Qin Empire made accommodations to markets, merchants, and money.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Further Reading

Barbieri-Low, Anthony, and Yates, Robin D.S., Law, State, and Society in Early Imperial China: Translation and Study of the Zhangjiashan Legal Texts (Leiden, Brill, 2016).Google Scholar
Mingguang, Chen 陈明光, Liuchao caizheng shi 六朝财政史 (Beijing, Zhongguo caizheng jingji chubanshe, 1997).Google Scholar
Mingguang, Chen 陈明光, Tangdai caizheng shi xinbian 唐代财政史新編 (Beijing, Zhongguo caizheng jingji chubanshe, 1991).Google Scholar
Haruki, Emura 江村治樹, Sengoku Shin Kan jidai no toshi to kokka: Kōkogaku to bunken shigaku kara no appuroochi 戦国秦漢時代の都市と国家:考古学と文献史学からのアップローチ (Tokyo, Hakuteisha, 2005).Google Scholar
Reinosuke, Fujiie 藤家礼之助, Kan Sangoku Ryō Shin Nanbokuchō no densei to zeisei 漢三国両晋南北朝の田制と税制 (Tokyo, Tōkai daigaku shuppankai, 1989).Google Scholar
Toshikazu, Hori 堀敏一, Kindensei no kenkyū: Chūgoku kodai kokka no tochi seisaku to tochi shoyūsei 均田制の研究:中国古代国家の土地政策と土地所有制 (Tokyo, Iwanami shoten, 1975).Google Scholar
Hulsewé, Anthony, “The Influence of the ‘Legalist’ Government of Qin on the Economy as Reflected in the Texts Discovered in Yunmeng County,” in Schram, Stuart (ed.), The Scope of State Power in China (London, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1985), pp. 211–35.Google Scholar
Fuya, Jiang 蔣福亚, Wei Jin Nanbeichao shehui jingji shi 魏晋南北朝社会经济史 (Tianjin, Tianjin guji chubanshe, 2005).Google Scholar
Levi Sabattini, Elisa, and Schwermann, Christian (eds.), Between Command and Market: Economic Thought and Practice in Early China (Leiden, Brill, 2021).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twitchett, Denis, Financial Administration under the T’ang Dynasty, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, University of Cambridge Press, 1963).Google Scholar
Twitchett, Denis, “Merchant, Trade, and Government in Late T’ang,” Asia Major, n.s., 14.1 (1968), 6395.Google Scholar
von Glahn, Richard, The Economic History of China from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Glahn, Richard, “Modalities of the Fiscal State in Imperial China,” Journal of Chinese History 4.1 (2020), 129.Google Scholar
Shinichirō, Watanabe 渡辺信一郎, Chūgoku kodai no zaisei to kokka 中国古代の財政と国家 (Tokyo, Kyūko shoin, 2010).Google Scholar
Xiong, Victor Cunrui, “The Land Tenure System of Tang China: A Study of the Equal Field System and the Turfan Documents,” T’oung Pao 85.4–5 (1999), 328–90.Google Scholar
Katsuyoshi, Yamada 山田勝芳, “Ō Mō no zaisei” 王莽の財政, Shūkan tōyōgaku 集刊東洋学 33 (1975), 6385Google Scholar
Katsuyoshi, Yamada 山田勝芳, Shin Kan zaisei shūnyū no kenkyū 秦漢財政収入の研究 (Tokyo, Kyūko shoin, 1993).Google Scholar
Jiping, Yang 杨际平, Beichao Sui Tang juntianzhi xintan 北朝隋唐均田制新探 (Changsha, Yuelu shushe, 2003).Google Scholar
Zhenhong, Yang 杨振红, Chutu jiandu yu Qin Han shehui 出土简牍与秦汉社会 (Guilin, Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe, 2009).Google Scholar
Zhifei, Zang 臧知非, Qin Han fuyi yu shehui kongzhi 秦汉赋役与社会控制 (Xi’an, San Qin chubanshe, 2012).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×