Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T06:14:38.986Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

9 - The expedition of Datis and Artaphernes

from PART II - THE GREEK STATES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

Get access

Summary

THE NATURE OF THE SOURCES

Herodotus' description of the Persian Wars was based on many accounts by eyewitnesses, mainly but not exclusively on the Greek side (sometimes he himself heard a participant, sometimes he obtained a report at second hand), and this description in turn was recited to audiences which contained veterans of those wars. Thus it was contemporary history in the fullest sense, deriving from contemporaries of the wars and checked by contemporaries at each audition. How good was the memory of those contemporaries about the Persian Wars? We should not be misled by comparisons with the monotonous trench warfare of 1914–18; for moments of action against Persia were brief in time and exciting in character, and they must have stayed vivid in men's minds. Thus the facts related by Herodotus are very likely to be correct; for instance, that the Athenians ‘went to the defence of Marathon’ (VI.103.1) and marched back ‘as fast as possible’ after the fighting (VI. 116), or that the Athenians faced the Phoenicians shortly after dawn and a westerly wind was blowing that evening in the Salamis Channel (VIII. 83, 85, 96). The sequence of events too is likely to be correct: for instance, Eretria falling a few days before the Persians landed at Marathon, or the shield signal being followed at once by the race for Athens, and the Phoenicians arriving by sea and the army overland that very evening.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adamson, P. B.The spread of rabies into Europe, and the probable origin of this disease in antiquity’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1977 Google ScholarPubMed
Adcock, F. E. The Greek and Macedonian Art of War. Berkeley–Los Angeles, 1957 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, T. W. , Halliday, W. R. and Sykes, E. E. The Homeric Hymns. Oxford, 1936 Google Scholar
Allinson, F. G.The original Marathon runner’, Classical Weekly 24 (1931)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aly, W. Volksmärchen, Sage und Novelle bei Herodot und seinen Zeitgenossen. 2nd edn ed. Huber, L. . Göttingen, 1969 Google Scholar
Amandry, P.Sur les épigrammes de Marathon’, in Theoria: Festschrift Schuchhardt. Baden-Baden, 1960 Google Scholar
Amandry, P.Thémistocle à Mélite’, in Orlandou, Charisterion A. 4. Athens, 1967/1968 Google Scholar
Amit, M. Athens and the Sea: a Study in Athenian Sea-power (Latomus Collection Latomus Latomus 74). Brussels, 1965 Google Scholar
Andrewes, A.Athens and Aegina, 510–480 B.C.’, Annual of the British School at Athens 37 (1936/7) iffGoogle Scholar
Andrewes, A. The Greek Tyrants. London, 1956 Google Scholar
Andreyev, V. N.Some aspects of agrarian conditions in Attica in the fifth to third centuries B.C.’, Eirene 12 (1974)Google Scholar
Austin, M. M. Greece and Egypt in the Archaic age(Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society Supp 2). Cambridge, 1970 Google Scholar
Avery, H. C.Herodotus 6.112.2’, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 103 (1972)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badian, E.Archons and strategoi’, Antichthon 5 (1971)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baelen, J. L'an 480. Salamine. Paris, 1961.Google Scholar
Baillie Reynolds, P. K.The shield signal at the Battle of Marathon’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 49 (1929)Google Scholar
Barron, J. P.Religious propaganda of the Delian League’, Journal of Hellenic Studies84 (1964)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayer, E.Psyttaleia’, Historia 18 (1969)Google Scholar
Beloch, K. J. Griechische Geschichte. 4 vols, in 8. Strassburg–Berlin, 1912–27 Google Scholar
Bengtson, H. and others. The Greeks and the Persians: from the Sixth to the Fourth Centuries. London–New York, 1969 (Trans, of Griechen und Perser: die Mittelmeerwelt im Altertum. Frankfurt am Main, 1965)Google Scholar
Béquignon, Y. La vallée du Spercheios des origines au IVe siècle. Paris, 1937 Google Scholar
Berthold, R. M.Which way to Marathon?’, Revue des études anciennes (1976–7)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berve, H.Fürstliche Herren zur Zeit der Perserkriege’, Gestaltende Kräfte der Antike. 2nd edn. Munich, 1966 Google Scholar
Berve, H. Die Tyrannis bei den Griechen I–II. Munich, 1967 Google Scholar
Bicknell, P.The command structure and generals of the Marathon campaign’, Antiquité classique 39 (1970)Google Scholar
Bicknell, P.The date of Miltiades’ Parian Expedition’, Antiquité classique 41 (1972)Google Scholar
Bigwood, J. M.Ctesias as historian of the Persian Wars’, Phoenix 32 (1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boardman, J. The Greeks Overseas. 2nd edn. London, 1980 Google Scholar
Boer, W. . ‘Herodot und die Systeme der Chronologie’, Mnemosyne ser. iv 20 (1967)Google Scholar
Boer, W. . ‘Themistocles in fifth-century historiography’, Mnemosyne I 5 (1962)Google Scholar
Bogaert, R. Les origines antiques de la banque de dépôt. Leiden, 1966 Google Scholar
Bonner, R. J. and G., Smith The Administration of justice from Homer to Aristotle I–II. Chicago, 1930–8 Google Scholar
Boucher, A.La bataille de Platées d'après Hérodote’, Revue archéologique 5th ser. vol. 2 (1915)Google Scholar
Bowra, C. M. Greek Lyric Poetry. 2nd edn. Oxford, 1961 Google Scholar
Bowra, CM. Pindar. Oxford, 1964 Google Scholar
Breitenbach, H. R.Xenophon von Athen’ in Pauly–Wissowa–Kroll–Mittelhaus, , Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertum swissen schaft. Stuttgart, 1893– ser.2, ix a 2 (1966)Google Scholar
Briant, P.Colonisation hellénistique et populations indigènes’, Klio 60 (1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadhead, H. D. The Persae of Aeschylus. Cambridge, 1960 Google Scholar
Brunt, P. A.The Hellenic League against Persia’, Historia 2 (1953)Google Scholar
Buck, C. D. The Greek Dialects. 3rd edn. Chicago–London, 1955 Google Scholar
Buck, R. J.Boeotarchs at Thermopylae’, Classical Philology 69 (1974)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulanda, E.Le nouveau monument de victoire sous Marathon’, Archéologie 2 (1948) andGoogle Scholar
Burn, A. R.Hammond on Marathon: a few notes’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 89 (1969)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burn, A. R.Thermopylae and Callidromos’, in Studies Presented to D. M. Robinson on his Seventieth Birthday 1. St Louis, 1953 Google Scholar
Burn, A. R.Thermopylae revisited and some topographical notes on Marathon and Plataiai’, Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean in Ancient History and Prehistory ed. Kinzl, K. H. . Berlin, 1977 Google Scholar
Burn, A. R. Persia and the Greeks: the Defence of the West, c. 546–478 B.C. 2nd edn, with a Postscript by Lewis, D. M. . London–Stanford, 1984 Google Scholar
Burn, A. R. The Lyric Age of Greece. London, 1960 Google Scholar
Burstein, S.The recall of the ostracized and the Themistocles Decree’, California Studies in Classical Antiquity 4 (1971)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, R. W. B. Pindar's Pythian Odes. Essays in Interpretation. Oxford, 1962 Google Scholar
Busolt, G. Griechische Staatskunde 1II. 3rd edn. Munich, 1920–6 Google Scholar
Caspari (Cary), M.The Ionian Confederacy’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 35 (1915)Google Scholar
Casson, L. Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Princeton, 1971 Google Scholar
Castritius, H.Die Okkupation Thrakiens durch die Perser und der Sturz des athenischen Tyrannen Hippias’, Chiron 2 (1972)Google Scholar
Chambers, M.The significance of the Themistocles Decree’, Philologus 111 (1967) with bibliographyCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coldstream, J. N. Geometric Greece. London, 1977 Google Scholar
Coldstream, J. N. Greek Geometric Pottery. London, 1968 Google Scholar
Cole, J. W.Alexander Philhellene and Themistocles’, Antiquité classique 47 (1978)Google Scholar
Cook, J. M. The Troad. Oxford, 1973 Google Scholar
Cook, R. M.A note on the absolute chronology of the 8th and 7th centuries B.C.’, Annual of the British School at Athens 64 (1969)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dascalakis, A. Problèmes historiques autour de la bataille des Thermopyles. Paris, 1962 Google Scholar
de Ste Croix, G. E. M. The Origins of the Peloponnesian War. London, 1972 Google Scholar
Delorme, J.Deux notes sur la bataille de Salamine’, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 102 (1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Detienne, M. and Vernant, J.-P.L es Ruses de I'Intelligence: la Métis des Grecs. Paris, 1974 (= Cunning Intelligence in Greek Culture and Society. Sussex, 1978)Google Scholar
Develin, R.Miltiades and the Parian Expedition’, Antiquité classique 46 (1977)Google Scholar
Dover, K. J. Greek Homosexuality. London, 1978 Google Scholar
Drews, R.The fall of Astyages and Herodotus’ chronology of the eastern kingdoms’, Historia 18 (1969)Google Scholar
Drews, R. The Greek Accounts of Eastern History. Cambridge, Mass., 1973 Google Scholar
Edwards, G. P. The Language of Hesiod. Oxford, 1971 Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, V. From Solon to Socrates: Greek History and Civilization during the Sixth and Fifth Centuries B.C. 2nd edn. London, 1973 Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, V. Neugrüinder des Staates. Munich, 1925 Google Scholar
Eschenburg, H. Topographische, archäologische und militarische Betrachtungen auf dem Schlachtfelde von Marathon. Berlin, 1886 Google Scholar
Evans, J. A. S.Herodotus and Marathon’, Florilegium 1984 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, J. A. S.Notes on Thermopylae and Artemisium’, Historia 18 (1969)Google Scholar
Evans, J. A. S.The final problem at Thermopylae’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 5 (1964)Google Scholar
Finnegan, R. Oral Poetry. Cambridge, 1977 Google Scholar
Fischer, R.Das Zahlenproblem im Perserkriege 480–479 B.C.’, Klio 25 (1932)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornara, C. W.The hoplite achievement at Psyttaleia’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 86 (1966)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornara, C. W. The Athenian ‘Board of Generals from ;501 to 404 (Historia Einzelschr. 16). 1971 Google Scholar
Fornara, C. W. Herodotus. Oxford, 1971 Google Scholar
Forrest, W. G.Two chronographic notes: 1, The tenth thalassocracy in Eusebius’, Classical Quarterly NS 19 (1969)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrest, W. G. The Emergence of Greek Democracy. London, 1966 Google Scholar
Francis, E. D.Greeks and Persians: the art of hazard and triumph’, in Ancient Persia: The Art of an Empire, ed. Schmandt-Besserat, D. , 5386. Malibu, 1980 Google Scholar
Fränkel, H. Early Greek Poetry and Philosophy. Eng. tr., Oxford, 1975 Google Scholar
Freeman, E. A. History of Federal Government in Greece and Italy. 2nd edn. London, 1893 Google Scholar
Freeman, K. Greek City-States. London, 1950 Google Scholar
Frost, F. J.A note on Xerxes at Salamis’, Historia 22 (1973)Google Scholar
Frost, F. J.Troizen and the Persian War: some new data’, American Journal of Archaeology 82 (1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaebler, H. Die antiken Münzen von Makedonia und Paionia 11. Berlin, 1935 Google Scholar
Gauer, W.Das Athenerschatzhaus und die marathonischen Akrothinia in Delphi’, Forschungen und Funde (Festschrift Bernhard Neutsch), 127–36. Innsbruck, 1980 Google Scholar
Gernet, L. Anthropologic de la Grèce antique. Paris, 1968 Google Scholar
Giannelli, G. La spedizione di Serse da Terme a Salamina. Milan, 1924 Google Scholar
Gill, D.Trapezomata; a neglected aspect of Greek sacrifice’, Harvard Theological Review 67 (1974)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillis, D.Marathon and the Alcmaeonids’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 10 (1969)Google Scholar
Gillis, D. Collaboration with the Persians (Historia Einzelschr. 34) Wiesbaden, 1979 Google Scholar
Gomme, A. W.Herodotus and Marathon’, Phoenix 6 (1952)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomme, A. W. , Andrewes, A. and Dover, K. J. A Historical Commentary on Thucydides iv. Oxford, 1945–81 Google Scholar
Gottlieb, G. Das Verhältnis der ausserherodoteischen Überlieferung zu Herodot. Bonn, 1963 Google Scholar
Graf, D. F.Greek tyrants and Achaemenid polities’, in The Craft of the Ancient Historian: Essays in Honor of Chester G. Starr, edd. Eadie, J. W. and Ober, J. , 79123. Lanham, 1985 Google Scholar
Graf, D. F.Medism: the origin and significance of the term’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 104 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, A. J. Colony and Mother City in Ancient Greece. Manchester, 1964. (2nd edn 1971)Google Scholar
Grant, J. R.Leonidas’ last stand’, Phoenix 15 (1961)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, P. The Year of Salamis, 480–479 B.C. London, 1970 Google Scholar
Grundy, G. B. The Great Persian War and its Preliminaries. London, 1901 Google Scholar
Grundy, G. B. The Topography of the Battle of Plataea. London, 1894 Google Scholar
Habicht, Chr.Falsche Urkunden zur Geschichte Athens im Zeitalter der Perserkriege’, Hermes 89 (1961)Google Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L.τὸ Mηδικόν and τὰ Mηδικὰ’, Classical Review n.s. 7 (1957) IoofGoogle Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L.Studies in Greek chronology of the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.’, Historia 4 (1955)Google Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L.The battle of Salamis’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 76 (1956) ; revised in c 315CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L.The campaign and the battle of Marathon’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 88 (1968) 13–57; revised and augmented in c 315 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L.The extent of Persian occupation in Thrace’, Chiron (1980)Google Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L.The extent of Persian occupation in Thrace’, Chiron 10 (1980)Google Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L.The lettering and the iconography of “Macedonian” coinage’, in c 546 Google Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L.The narrative of Herodotus VII and the Decree of Themistocles’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 102 (1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L.The origins and nature of the Athenian alliance of 478–7 B.C.’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 87 (1967) (= c 315)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L. A History of Greece to 322 B.C. 2nd edn. Oxford, 1967 (3rd edn 1986)Google Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L. A History of Macedonia 1 (Oxford, 1972) and (with G. T. Griffith) 11 (Oxford, 1979)Google Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L. Atlas of the Greek and Roman World in Antiquity. New Jersey, 1983 Google Scholar
Hammond, N. G. L. Studies in Greek History. Oxford, 1973 Google Scholar
Harrison, E. B.The south frieze of the Nike temple and the Marathon painting in the Painted Stoa’, American Journal of Archaeology 76 (1972)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hegyi, D.Athens and Aegina on the eve of the Battle of Marathon’, Acta antiqua academiae scientiarum Hungaricae 17 (1969)Google Scholar
Henderson, R. B.Marathon’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 52 (1932) 302 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicks, E. L. and Hill, G. F. A Manual of Greek Historical Inscriptions. Oxford, 1901 Google Scholar
Hignett, C. Xerxes’ Invasion of Greece. Oxford, 1963 Google Scholar
Hirsch, S. W. The Friendship of the Barbarians: Xenophon and the Persian Empire. Hanover–London, 1985 Google Scholar
Hodge, A. T.Marathon to Phaleron’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 95 (1975)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodge, A. T.Marathon. The Persians' voyage’, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 105 (1975)Google Scholar
Hodge, A. T. and Losada, L. A.The time of the shield signal at Marathon’, American Journal of Archaeology 74 (1970)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Homeyer, H.Zu den Anfängen der Griechischen Biographie’, Philologus 106 (1962)Google Scholar
Hope Simpson, R.Leonidas’ decision’, Phoenix 26 (1972)Google Scholar
Horhager, N.Zu den Flottenoperationen am Kap Artemision’, Chiron 3 (1973)Google Scholar
Hornblower, S.Thucydides, the Panionian Festival and the Ephesia (III 104)’, Historia 31 (1982)Google Scholar
How, W. W. and Wells, J. A Commentary on Herodotus. Oxford, 1912 Google Scholar
Huber, L.Herodots Homerverständis’, Synusia. Festgabe für W. Schadewaldt, edd. Flashar, H. and Gaiser, K. , 2952. Neske, 1965 Google Scholar
Hudson, H. G.The shield signal at Marathon’, American Historical Review 12 (1937)Google Scholar
Huxley, G. L.The Medism of Caryae’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 8 (1967)Google Scholar
Immerwahr, H. R. Form and Thought in Herodotus. Cleveland, 1960 Google Scholar
Instinsky, H. V.Herodot und der erste Zug des Mardonius gegen Griechenland’, Hermes 84 (1956)Google Scholar
Jacoby, F.Herodotos’, Pauly–Wissowa–Kroll–Mittelhaus, , Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertum swissen schaft. Stuttgart, 1893– Suppl. 11 (1913) (= Griechische Historiker, 7164. Stuttgart, 1956)Google Scholar
Jacoby, F.Ktesias’, in Pauly–Wissowa–Kroll–Mittelhaus, , Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertum swissen schaft. Stuttgart, 1893xi (1922) (= Griechische Historiker, 31132. Stuttgart, 1956)Google Scholar
Jacoby, F. Abhandlmgen zur griechischen Geschichtsschreibung, ed. Leiden, H. , 1956 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacoby, F. Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, 3 pts in 15 vols. Berlin, 1926; Leiden, 1943–58 3 2.Google Scholar
Jameson, M. H.A decree of Themistocles from Troezen’, Hesperia 29 (1960) ; and Hesperia 31 (1962)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jameson, M. H.Provisions for mobilization in the decree of Themistokles’, Historia 12 (1963)Google Scholar
Jeffery, L. H.Comments on some archaic Greek inscriptions’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 69 (1949)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeffery, L. H.The campaign between Athens and Aegina in the years before Salamis’, American Journal of Philology 83 (1962)Google Scholar
Jeffery, L. H. Archaic Greece. London, 1976 Google Scholar
Jeffery, L. H. The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece. Oxford, 1961 Google Scholar
Jones, W. H. S. Malaria and Greek History. Manchester, 1909 Google Scholar
Keil, J.Die Schlacht bei Salamis’, Hermes 73 (1938)Google Scholar
Kinzl, K. H.Herodotus-Interpretations’, Rh.Mus. 118 (1975)Google Scholar
Kinzl, K. H.Miltiades’ Parosexpedition in der Geschichtsschreibung’, Hermes 104 (1976)Google Scholar
Kirk, G. S. Homer and the Oral Tradition. Cambridge, 1976 Google Scholar
Kirk, G. S. The Nature of Greek Myths. Harmondsworth, 1974 Google Scholar
Kirk, G. S. The Songs of Homer. Cambridge, 1962 Google Scholar
Kirkwood, G. M. Early Greek Monody. Ithaca, N.Y.–London, 1974 Google Scholar
Knight, W. F. J.The defence of the Acropolis and the panic before Salamis’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 51 (1931)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koumanoudis, S. N.À Marathon’, Athens Annals of Archaeology 11 (1978)Google Scholar
Kraay, C. M. Archaic and Classical Greek Coins. London, 1976 Google Scholar
Kraft, K.Bemerkungen zu den Perserkriegen’, Hermes 92 (1964)Google Scholar
Kromayer, J. and Veith, G. Antike Schlachtfelder IV. Berlin, 1924–31 Google Scholar
Labarbe, J.Léonidas et l'astre des tempêtes’, Revue belge de philologie 37 (1959)Google Scholar
Lang, M.Allotment by tokens’, Historia 8 (1959)Google Scholar
Larsen, J. A. O.The constitution and original purpose of the Delian League’, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 51 (1940)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, J. A. O.The constitution of the Peloponnesian League’, Classical Philology 28 (1933)Google Scholar
Larsen, J. A. O. Greek Federal States. Oxford, 1968 Google Scholar
Larsen, J. A. O. Representative Government in Greek and Roman History. Berkeley–Los Angeles, 1955 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazenby, J. F.The strategy of the Greeks in the opening campaign of the Persian War’, Hermes 92 (1964)Google Scholar
Levy, I.L'inscription triomphale de Xerxes’, Revue historique 185 (1939)Google Scholar
Lewis, D. M.Notes on the decree of Themistocles’, The laws of Kleisthenes n.s. II (1961)Google Scholar
Lewis, D. M. Sparta and Persia. Leiden, 1977 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littauer, M. A. and Crouwel, J. H. Wheeled Vehicles and Ridden Animals in the Ancient Near East. Leiden, 1979 Google Scholar
Loader, W. R. and Stanier, R. S.Questions about Marathon’, Greece and Rome 16 (1947) andCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macan, R. W. Herodotus; the seventh, eighth and ninth books (two volumes in three). London, 1908 Google Scholar
Maier, F. G. Archäologie und Geschichte. Ausgrabungen in Alt-Paphos (Konstanzer Universitatsreden 7). Konstanz, 1973 Google Scholar
Maier, F. G. (ed.) Ausgrabungen in Alt-Paphos auf Cypern. I. Nordosttor und Persische Belagerungsrampe in Alt-Paphos. I. Waffen und Kleinfunde. By Erdmann, E. . Konstanz, 1977 Google Scholar
Marinatos, S. Reports on excavations at Marathon in Athens Annals of Archaeology 3 (1970) ; Ergon 1970 ; 1971 ; 1972 ; Пρακτικὰ τῖζ Ἀρχαιολογικῖζ Ἐταιρείαζ 1970 ; 1971 ; and 1972 Google Scholar
Martin, R. L'urbanisme dans la Grèce antique. 2nd edn. Paris, 1974 Google Scholar
Mason, H. J. and Wallace, M. B.Appius Claudius Pulcher and the Hollows of Euboia’, Hesperia 41 (1972)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mastrokostas, E. Προιοιστορικὴ Ἀκρήπολιζ ἐν Mαραθῶνι, Athens Annals of Archaeology 3 (1970)Google Scholar
Maurice, F.The campaign of Marathon’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 52 (1932)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurice, F.The size of the army of Xerxes in the invasion of Greece, 480 B.C.’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 50 (1930)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazzarino, S. Fra Oriente e Occidente. Florence, 1947 Google Scholar
McLeod, W.The bowshot and Marathon’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 90 (1970)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meiggs, R. The Athenian Empire. Oxford, 1972 Google Scholar
Meritt, B. D.Epigrams from the battle of Marathon’, in The Aegean and the Near East, Studies presented to Hetty Goldman, ed. Weinberg, S. S. . New York, 1956 Google Scholar
Meritt, B. D. , Wade-Gery, H. T. , McGregor, M. F. The Athenian Tribute Lists I–iv. Cambridge, Mass., 1939–53 Google Scholar
Merker, I. L.The ancient kingdom of Paionia’, Balkan Studies 6 (1965)Google Scholar
Meyer, H. D.Vorgeschichte und Griündung des delisch-attischen Seebundes’, Historia 12 (1963)Google Scholar
Miller, M.Herodotus as chronographer’, Klio 46 (1965)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miltner, F.Der taktische Aufbau der Schlacht bei Salamis’, Jahrbuch des Österreichischen Archäologisches Instituts 1930 Google Scholar
Mitchell, B. M.Herodotus and Samos’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 95 (1975)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momigliano, A. D.Tradizione e invenzione in Ctesia’, in Quarto Contributo alla Storia degli Studi Classici e del Mondo Antico, 181212. Rome, 1969 Google Scholar
Momigliano, A.Eastern elements in post-exilic Jewish and Greek historiography’, in Essays in Ancient and Modern Historiography, 2535. Oxford, 1977 Google Scholar
Momigliano, A.Persian empire and Greek freedom’ in The Idea of Freedom: Essays in honour of Isaiah Berlin, ed. Ryan, A. , 13951. Oxford, 1979 Google Scholar
Momigliano, A. Alien Wisdom: the Limits of Hellenization, Cambridge, 1975 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momigliano, A. The Development of Greek Biography. Harvard, 1971 Google Scholar
Morrison, J. S. and Coates, J. F. The Athenian Trireme, the History and Reconstruction of an Ancient Greek Warship. Cambridge, 1986 Google Scholar
Morrison, J. S.Greek naval tactics in the 5th Century B.C.’, The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration (1974) 3.1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, J. S.Hyperesia in naval contexts in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 104 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, J. S. and R. T., Williams Greek Oared Ships 900–322 B.C. Cambridge, 1968 Google Scholar
Mossé, C. La tyrannie dans la Grèce antique. Paris, 1969 Google Scholar
Muhly, J. D. Review of a 14, Journal of New Eastern Studies 35 (1976)Google Scholar
Müller, D.Von Doriskos nach Therme. Der Weg des Xerxes-Heeres durch Thrakien und Ostmakedonien’, Chiron 5 (1975)Google Scholar
Munro, J. A. R.Marathon’, ch. vIII, I-v of Cambridge Ancient History IV 1. Cambridge, 1926 Google Scholar
Munro, J. A. R.Some observations on the Persian Wars: 2’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 22 (1902)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, J. A. R.Some observations on the Persian Wars: 3, The campaign of Plataea’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 24 (1904)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, J. A. R.Some observations on the Persian Wars’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 19 (1899)Google Scholar
Munro, J. A. R.Xerxes’ invasion of Greece’, ch. Ix of Cambridge Ancient History IV 1. Cambridge, 1926 Google Scholar
Murray, O.‘0 ‘APXAIOσ ΔAσMOσ’, Historia 15 (1966)Google Scholar
Murray, O. Early Greece. London, 1980 Google Scholar
Myres, J. L. Herodotus: Father of History. Oxford, 1953 Google Scholar
Neugebauer, O. The Exact Sciences in Antiquity. Princeton, 1957 Google Scholar
Notopoulos, J. A.The slaves at the Battle of Marathon’, American Journal of Philology 62 (1941)Google Scholar
Ober, J.Edward Clarke's Ancient Road to Marathon a.d. 1801’, Hesperia 51 (1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliva, P. Sparta and her Social Problems. Prague, 1971 Google Scholar
O'Sullivan, J. N.On Herodotus 7.183: three sound ships for Salamis’, The laws of Kleisthenes n.s. 27 (1977)Google Scholar
Page, D. L. Sappho and Alcaeus. Oxford, 1955 Google Scholar
Papanikolaou, D. A.Aischylos über die Flottenstärke bei Salamis’, Rheinisches Museum 94 (1971)Google Scholar
Parke, H. W. and Wormell, D. E. W. The Delphic Oracle. Oxford, 1956 Google Scholar
Peek, W. R.Zu einem Inschrift-Fragment von Marathon’, Athens Annals of Archaeology 4 (1971)Google Scholar
Picard, Ch.Xerxès, les Ioniens révoltès et l'Acropole d'Athènes’, Revue archéologique 13 (1939)Google Scholar
Podlecki, A. H.Simonides: 480’, Historia 17 (1968)Google Scholar
Podlecki, A. J.Athens and Aegina’, Historia 25 (1976).Google Scholar
Prestianni, A. M.La Stele di Trezene e la tradizione storiografica sul decreto di Temistocle’, in Umanità e Storia, Scritti in onore di A. Attisani II, 469–96. Naples, 1971 Google Scholar
Princeton Encyclopaedia of Classical Sites, ed. Stilwell, R. . Princeton, 1976 Google Scholar
Pritchett, W. K.Marathon’, University of California Publications in Classical Archaeology 4.2 (1960)Google Scholar
Pritchett, W. K.New light on Plataea’, American Journal of Archaeology 61 (1957)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchett, W. K.New light on Thermopylae’, American Journal of Archaeology 62 (1958)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchett, W. K.Towards a restudy of the Battle of Salamis’, American Journal of Archaeology 63 (1959)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchett, W. K. The Greek State at War I-IV. Berkeley–Los Angeles, 1971–85 Google Scholar
Pritchett, W. K. Studies in ancient Greek Topography I. Berkeley–Los Angeles, 1965 Google Scholar
Pritchett, W. K. Studies in ancient Greek Topography II. Berkeley–Los Angeles, 1969 Google Scholar
Pugliese Carratelli, G.Greek inscriptions of the Middle East’, East and West 16 (1966)Google Scholar
Raubitschek, A. E.The covenant of Plataea’, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 91 (1970)Google Scholar
Raubitschek, A. E.Two monuments erected after the victory of Marathon’, American Journal of Archaeology 44 (1940)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinmuth, O. W.Ostrakismos’, Pauly–Wissowa–Kroll–Mittelhaus, , Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertum swissen schaft. Stuttgart, 1893xxxvi. Halbband (1942)Google Scholar
Robertson, N.The decree of Themistocles in its contemporary setting’, Phoenix 36 (1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, N.The Thessalian Expedition of 480 B.C.’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 96 (1976) IooffCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rocchi, G. D.Aristocrazia genetica ed organizzazione politica arcaica’, Parola del Passato 28 (1973)Google Scholar
Roebuck, C.The grain trade between Greece and Egypt’, Classical Philology 45 (1950)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roebuck, C.The organization of Naukratis’, Classical Philology 46 (1951)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roussel, D. Tribu et cité (Annales Littéraires de l'Université de Besançon 193). Paris, 1976 Google Scholar
Roux, G.Éschyle, Heacute;rodote, Diodore, Plutarque racontent la bataille de Salamine’, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique 98 (1974)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sacks, K. S.Herodotus and the dating of the Battle of Thermopylae’, The laws of Kleisthenes n.s. 26 (1976)Google Scholar
Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H.The death of Cyrus: Xenophon's Cryopaedia as a source for Iranian history’, in Papers in Honour of Professor Mary Boyce, ed. Bivar, A. D. H. (Acta Iranica: Hommages et Opera Minora ii), 11. Leiden, 1985 Google Scholar
Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. Yauna en Persai: Grieken en Perzen in een ander perspectief. Groningen, 1980 Google Scholar
Sanctis, G.Aristagora di Mileto’, in Problemi di storia antica, 63–91. Bari, 1931 Google Scholar
Sandars, N. K. The Sea Peoples: Warriors of the ancient Mediterranean, 1250–1150 B.C. London, 1978 Google Scholar
Schachermeyr, F.Die Themistokles-Stele und ihre Bedeutung für die Vorgeschichte der Schlacht von Salamis’, Jahrbuch des Österreichischen Archäologisches Instituts 46 (1961–3)Google Scholar
Schachermeyr, F.Marathon und die persische Politik’, Historische Zeitschrift 172 (1952)Google Scholar
Schoeffer, V.Δῖμοι’, Pauly–Wissowa–Kroll–Mittelhaus, , Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertum swissen schaft. Stuttgart, 1893v (1905)Google Scholar
Schreiner, J. H.The battles of 490 B.C.’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society n.s. 16 (1970)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sealey, R.Again the siege of the Acropolis’, California Studies in Classical Antiquity 5 (1972)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sealey, R.The pit and the well. The Persian heralds of 491 B.C.’, Classical Journal 72 (1976)Google Scholar
Seibert, J. Die politischen Flüchtlinge und Verbannten in der griechischen Geschichte 1–11. Darmstadt, 1979 Google Scholar
Shrimpton, G.The Persian cavalry at Marathon’, Phoenix 34 (1980)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smets, G. and Dorsinfang-Smets, A.La bataille de Salamine. Les sources’, Annuaire de l'Institut de philologie et d'histoire orientates 12 (1952)Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A. M.The hoplite reform and history’, Journal of Hellenic Studies85 (1965)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snodgrass, A. M. Archaic Greece. London, 1980 Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A. M. The Dark Age of Greece. Edinburgh, 1971 Google Scholar
Sokolowski, K. F.L'attitude de Delphes au moment de l'invasion des Perses’, Przeglad. histor. 13 (1936)Google Scholar
Soteriades, G. Reports on excavations at Marathon in Пρακτικὰ τῖζ Ἀρχαιολογικῖζ Ἐταιρείαζ 1933; 1934; 1936; 1935; 1939, 27ff Google Scholar
Staes, B. Reports on excavations at Marathon in Ἀρχαιολογικὸυ Δελτίου 1890; 1891, and; Athenische Mitteilungen. Mitteilungen des deutschen archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung 18 (1893)Google Scholar
Starr, C. G.Why did the Greeks defeat the Persians?’ 17 (1962)Google Scholar
Starr, C. G. Greeks and Persians in the Fourth Century B.C. Ann Arbor, 1979 Google Scholar
Starr, C. G. The Economic and Social Growth of early Greece 8007ndash;500 B.C. New York, 1977 Google Scholar
Strasburger, H.Herodots Zeitrechnung’, Historia 5 (1956) (= Herodot, ed. Marg, W. , 688736. 2nd edn. Darmstadt, 1965)Google Scholar
Strasburger, H. Die Wesensbestimmung der Geschichte durch die antike Geschichtsschreibung (= Sitzungsberichte der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Goethe-Universität, J. W. , Frankfurt 5, no. 3. 1966)Google Scholar
Strassmaier, J. N.Einige chronologische Daten aus astronomischen Rechnungen’, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 7 (1892)Google Scholar
Svoronos, J. N. L'Helleénisme primitif de la Macedoine. Paris and Athens, 1919 Google Scholar
Tarn, W. W. Alexander the Great. Cambridge, 1948 Google Scholar
Themeles, P. Mαραθών: τὰ πρόσσφατα ἀρχαιολογικὰ εὐρήματα σὲ σχέση μὲ μάχη Arch. Delt. 29 (1974)Google Scholar
Thompson, D. B.The Persian spoils in Athens’, in The Aegean and the Near East, Studies presented to Hetty Goldman, ed Weinberg, S. S. , 281–91. New York, 1956 Google Scholar
Threpsiades, J. and Vanderpool, E.Themistokles’ sanctuary of Artemis Aristoboule’, Ἀρχαιολογικὸυ Δελτίου 19 (1964)Google Scholar
Tozzi, P. La Rivolta lonica. Pisa, 1978 Google Scholar
Traill, J. S.Diakris, the inland trittys of Leontis’, Hesperia 47 (1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Veer, J. A. G.The Battle of Marathon. A topographical survey’, Mnemosyne 34 (1982)Google Scholar
Vanderpool, E.A monument to the Battle of Marathon’, Hesperia 35 (1966)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanderpool, E.An archaic inscribed stele from Marathon’, Hesperia 11 (1942)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanderpool, E.The Deme of Marathon and the Herakleion’, American Journal of Archaeology 70 (1966)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanderpool, E.The marble trophy from Marathon in the British Museum’, Hesperia 36 (1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vansina, J. Oral Tradition. Trans. Wright, H. M. . London, 1965 Google Scholar
Vigneron, I. P. Le cheval dans l'antiquité. Nancy, 1968 Google Scholar
Wade-Gery, H. T. Essays in Greek History. Oxford, 1958 Google Scholar
Walker, E. M.The Parian expedition etc.’, Ch. VIII, vi–x, of Cambridge Ancient History IV1 . Cambridge, 1926 Google Scholar
Wallace, P. W.The Anopaia Path at Thermopylai’, American Journal of Archaeology 84 (1980)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, P. W.Aphetae and the Battle of Artemision’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 10 (1984)Google Scholar
Wallace, P. W.Kleomenes, Marathon, the Helots and Arkadia’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 74 (1954)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, P. W.Psyttaleia and the trophies of the Battle of Salamis’, American Journal of Archaeology 73 (1969)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walser, G. Hellas und Iran. Darmstadt, 1984 Google Scholar
Walters, K. R.Four hundred ships at Salamis?’, Rheinisches Museum 124 (1981)Google Scholar
Wardman, A. E.Tactics and the tradition of the Persian Wars’, Historia 8 (1959)Google Scholar
Waters, K. H. Herodotus on Tyrants and Despots (Historia Einzelschr. 15). Wiesbaden, 1971 Google Scholar
Welwei, K.-W.Das sogenannte Grab der Plataier im Vranatal bei Marathon’, Historia 28 (1979)Google Scholar
Welwei, K.-W.Die “Marathon”-Epigramme von der athenischen Agora’, Historia 19 (1970)Google Scholar
West, M. L. Early Greek Philosophy and the Orient. Oxford, 1971 Google Scholar
West, M. L. Iambi et Elegi Graeci. Oxford, 1971–2 Google Scholar
West, W. C.Saviors of Greece’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 11 (1970)Google Scholar
West, W. C.The trophies of the Persian Wars’, Classical Philology 64 (1969)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westlake, H. D.The Medism of Thessaly’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 56 (1936)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whatley, N.On the possibility of reconstructing Marathon and other ancient battles’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 84 (1964)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. Pindaros. Berlin, 1922 Google Scholar
Wolf, Eric R. Peasants. Englewood Cliffs, 1966 Google Scholar
Woodhouse, W. J.The Greeks at Plataiai’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 18 (1898)Google Scholar
Wright, H. B. The Campaign of P/ataea. New Haven, 1904 Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×