This chapter introduces the thought of Bhikhu Parekh and Tariq Modood. It outlines the abstract and applied components of their multicultural theory and how this conceptualises group phenomena including religion. It notes how English law, despite the dominance of liberal individualism, has adopted many aspects of multiculturalism, highlights its deficiencies as regards the regulation of religion, and traces its declining influence from 2005. It argues that multiculturalism is a suboptimal model on which to base the law of religion because it relies on too crude an understanding of groups and collective phenomena.