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1 - Bipolar disorders beyond major depression and euphoric mania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2009

By
Andreas Marneros  and
Frederick K. Goodwin
Edited by
Andreas Marneros  and
Frederick Goodwin
Andreas Marneros
Affiliation:
Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
Frederick K. Goodwin
Affiliation:
George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
Andreas Marneros
Affiliation:
Martin Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenburg, Germany
Frederick Goodwin
Affiliation:
George Washington University, Washington DC
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Summary

Introduction: knowledge from the past, goals for the future

The last five decades have brought essential changes and developments in psychiatry. One of the most important reasons for these developments is certainly the psychopharmacological revolution. The discovery of antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and other psychotropic substances has had an enormous impact, not only on many fields of research, treatment, social life, and social politics, but also on ideological aspects and attitudes. Concerning psychiatric research, the psychopharmacological revolution has been an important and sustained stimulus not only for the development of neuroscience, genetics, and pharmacology, but also for psychiatric methodology, the development of new diagnostic concepts, and new research on treatment, prognosis, and rehabilitation. One indirect but fundamental development was the rediscovery and rebirth of old diagnostic, nosological, and phenomenological concepts. For example, new pharmacological experiences led to the rediscovery of the relevance of the unipolar–bipolar dichotomy. The concepts examined by Falret (1854), Baillarger (1854), Kleist (1929, 1953), Neele (1949), Leonhard (1957), and others were confirmed in the new psychopharmacological era, including the nosological refinements made by Jules Angst (1966), Carlo Perris (1966), Winokur and Clayton (1967), and others. But soon the enthusiasm for the new psychopharmacology gave way to an increasing awareness of some limitations. Within broadly defined diagnostic groups like schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder, many patients proved to be non-responders or partial responders.

Keywords

agitated depressionbipolar disordersDSM-IVeuphoriaschizoaffective disordersmixed statesrapid cycling
Type
Chapter
Information
Bipolar Disorders
Mixed States, Rapid Cycling and Atypical Forms
 , pp. 1 - 44
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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