Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-669899f699-b58lm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-02T03:48:57.500Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - How Do We Stem Biodiversity Loss?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2019

By
Gretchen C. Daily  and
Stephen Polasky
Edited by
Partha Dasgupta ,
Peter Raven  and
Anna McIvor
Partha Dasgupta
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Peter Raven
Affiliation:
Missouri Botanical Garden
Anna McIvor
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Get access

Summary

Efforts to value and protect ‘natural capital’ – Earth’s lands, waters, and biodiversity and the stream of benefits that flow from it – have emerged over the past decade in many arenas that formerly seemed far removed from matters of ecology and conservation. For example, several large multi-national corporations have teamed up with conservation organisations to incorporate the values of nature into corporate operations (e.g., Dow Chemical Corporation and The Nature Conservancy, Coca Cola and World Wildlife Fund, Unilever and the Natural Capital Project). The World Bank initiated the Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES) programme. Governments worldwide have established the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). These, and many other initiatives, make clear that many people now recognise the vital importance of nature for human well-being.

Type
Chapter
Information
Biological Extinction
New Perspectives
 , pp. 332 - 357
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Balmford, A., Bruner, A., Cooper, P., Costanza, R., Farber, S., Green, R. E., Jenkins, M., Jefferiss, P., Jessamy, V., Madden, J., Munro, K., Myers, N., Naeem, S., Paavola, J., Rayment, M., Rosendo, S., Roughgarden, J., Trumper, K. & Turner, R. K. 2002. Economic reasons for conserving wild nature. Science, 297(5583): 950–953.Google Scholar
Barbier, E. B., Koch, E. W., Silliman, B. R., Hacker, S. D., Wolanski, E., Primavera, J., Granek, E. F., Polasky, S., Aswani, S., Cramer, L. A., Stoms, D. M., Kennedy, C. J., Bael, D., Kappel, C. V., Perillo, G. M. E. & Reed, D. J. 2008. Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values. Science, 319(5861): 321–323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bateman, I. J., Harwood, A. R., Mace, G. M., Watson, R. T., Abson, D. J., Andrews, B., Binner, A., Crowe, A., Day, B. H., Dugdale, S., Fezzi, C., Foden, J., Hadley, D., Haines-Young, R., Hulme, M., Kontoleon, A., Lovett, A. A., Munday, P., Pascual, U., Paterson, J., Perino, G., Sen, A., Siriwardena, G., van Soest, D. & Termansen, M. 2013. Bringing ecosystem services into economic decision-making: Land use in the United Kingdom. Science, 341(6141): 45–50.Google Scholar
Bennett, E. M., Peterson, G. D. & Gordon, L. J. 2009. Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services. Ecology Letters, 12(12): 1394–1404.Google Scholar
Boody, G., Vondracek, B., Andow, D. A., Krinke, M., Westra, J., Zimmerman, J. & Welle, P. 2005. Multifunctional agriculture in the United States. BioScience, 55(1): 27–38.Google Scholar
Bradach, J. L., Tierney, T. J. & Stone, N. 2008. Delivering on the promise of nonprofits. Harvard Business Review, December: 88–97.Google Scholar
Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P. & Daily, G. C. 2012. The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1): 118–136.Google Scholar
Cao, S., Zhong, B., Yue, H., Zeng, H. & Zeng, J. 2009. Development and testing of a sustainable environmental restoration policy on eradicating the poverty trap in China’s Changting County. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(26): 10712–10716.Google Scholar
Carpenter, S. R., DeFries, R., Dietz, T., Mooney, H. A., Polasky, S., Reid, W. V. & Scholes, R. J. 2006. Millennium ecosystem assessment: Research needs. Science, 314: 257–258.Google Scholar
Carpenter, S. R., Mooney, H. A., Agard, J., Capistrano, D., DeFries, R. S., Díaz, S., Dietz, T., Duraiappah, A. K., Oteng-Yeboah, A. & Pereira, H. M. 2009. Science for managing ecosystem services: Beyond the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(5): 1305–1312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, K. M., Shaw, M. R., Cameron, D. R., Underwood, E. C. & Daily, G. C. 2006. Conservation planning for ecosystem services. PLoS Biology, 4(11): e379.Google Scholar
Daily, G. C. & Ellison, K. 2002. The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Daily, G. C., Ouyang, Z., Zheng, H., Li, S., Wang, Y., Feldman, M., Kareiva, P., Polasky, S. & Ruckelshaus, M. 2013. Securing natural capital and human well-being: Innovation and impact in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33(3): 677–685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daily, G. C., Polasky, S., Goldstein, J., Kareiva, P. M., Mooney, H. A., Pejchar, L., Ricketts, T. H., Salzman, J. & Shallenberger, R. 2009. Ecosystem services in decision making: Time to deliver. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7(1): 21–28.Google Scholar
Daily, G. C., Söderqvist, T., Aniyar, S., Arrow, K., Dasgupta, P., Ehrlich, P. R., Folke, C., Jansson, A.-M., Jansson, B.-O., Kautsky, N., Levin, S., Lubchenco, J., Mäler, J.-G., Simpson, D., Starrett, D., Tilman, D. & Walker, B. 2000. The value of nature and the nature of value. Science, 289(5478): 395–396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daniel, T. C., Muhar, A., Arnberger, A., Aznar, O., Boyd, J. W., Chan, K. M., Costanza, R., Elmqvist, T., Flint, C. G. & Gobster, P. H. 2012. Contributions of cultural services to the ecosystem services agenda. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(23): 8812–8819.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, P. 2001. Human Well-Being and the Natural Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasgupta, P. 2010. Nature’s role in sustaining economic development. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 365(1537): 5–11.Google Scholar
Egoh, B., Reyers, B., Rouget, M., Richardson, D. M., Le Maitre, D. C. & van Jaarsveld, A. S. 2008. Mapping ecosystem services for planning and management. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 127(1–2): 135–140.Google Scholar
Ehrenfeld, D. 1988. Why put a value on biodiversity? In Wilson, E. O. (Ed.), Biodiversity. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, P. R., Kareiva, P. M. & Daily, G. C. 2012. Securing natural capital and expanding equity to rescale civilization. Nature, 486: 68–73Google Scholar
Goldman-Benner, R. L., Benitez, S., Boucher, T., Calvache, A., Daily, G. C., Kareiva, P., Kroeger, T. & Ramos, A. 2012. Water funds and payments for ecosystem services: Practice learns from theory and theory can learn from practice. Oryx, 46(1): 55–63.Google Scholar
Goldstein, J. H., Caldarone, G., Duarte, T. K., Ennaanay, D., Hannahs, N., Mendoza, G., Polasky, S., Wolny, S. & Daily, G. C. 2012. Integrating ecosystem-service tradeoffs into land-use decisions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(19): 7565–7570.Google Scholar
Guerry, A. D., Polasky, S., Lubchenco, J., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Daily, G. C., Griffin, R., Ruckelshaus, M., Bateman, I. J., Duraiappah, A., Elmqvist, T., Feldman, M. W., Folke, C., Hoekstra, J., Kareiva, P., Keeler, B., Li, S., McKenzie, E., Ouyang, Z., Reyers, B., Ricketts, T., Rockström, J., Tallis, H. & Vira, B. 2015. Natural capital and ecosystem services informing decisions: From promise to practice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(24): 7348–7355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guerry, A. D., Ruckelshaus, M. H., Arkema, K. K., Bernhardt, J. R., Guannel, G., Kim, C. K., Marsik, M., Papenfus, M., Toft, J. E., Verutes, G., Wood, S., Beck, M., Chan, F., Chan, K., Gelfenbaum, G., Gold, B.,Halpern, B., Labiosa, W., Lester, S., Levin, P., McField, M., Pinsky, M., Plummer, M., Polasky, S., Ruggiero, P., Sutherland, D., Tallis, H., Day, A. & Spencer, J. 2012. Modeling benefits from nature: Using ecosystem services to inform coastal and marine spatial planning. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 8(1–2): 107–121.Google Scholar
Harrison, J. A., Bouwman, A., Mayorga, E. & Seitzinger, S. 2010. Magnitudes and sources of dissolved inorganic phosphorus inputs to surface fresh waters and the coastal zone: A new global model. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 24: 271–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenter, J., Reed, M., Everard, M., Irvine, K., O’Brien, L., Molloy, C., Brady, E., Bryce, R., Christie, M., Church, A., Cooper, N., Davies, A., Hockley, N., Fazey, I., Jobstvogt, N. Molloy, C., Orchard-Webb, J., Ravenscroft, N., Ryan, M. & Watson, V. 2014. Shared, Plural and Cultural Values: A Handbook for Decision-Makers. Cambridge: UNEP-WCMC.Google Scholar
Kiesecker, J. M., Copeland, H., Pocewicz, A. & McKenney, B. 2010. Development by design: Blending landscape‐level planning with the mitigation hierarchy. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 8(5): 261–266.Google Scholar
Leopold, A. 1949. A Sand County Almanac. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Levy, K., Daily, G. C. & Myers, S. S. 2012. Human health as an ecosystem service: A conceptual framework. In Ingram, J. C., Fumbaitis el Rio, C. & DeClerck, A. (Eds.), Integrating Ecology and Poverty Reduction: 231–251. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Li, C., Li, S., Feldman, M. W., Daily, G. C. & Li, J. 2012. Does out-migration reshape rural households’ livelihood capitals in the source communities? Recent evidence from Western China. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 21(1): 1–30.Google Scholar
Li, F., Wang, R., Paulussen, J. & Liu, X. 2005. Comprehensive concept planning of urban greening based on ecological principles: A case study in Beijing, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 72(4): 325–336.Google Scholar
Li, J., Feldman, M. W., Li, S. & Daily, G. C. 2011. Rural household income and inequality under the Sloping Land Conversion Program in western China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(19): 7721–7726.Google Scholar
Liang, Y., Li, S., Feldman, M. W. & Daily, G. C. 2012. Does household composition matter? The impact of the Grain for Green Program on rural livelihoods in China. Ecological Economics, 75: 152–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, J., Li, S., Ouyang, Z., Tam, C. & Chen, X. 2008. Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China’s policies for ecosystem services. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(28): 9477–9482.Google Scholar
Mace, G. M. 2014. Whose conservation? Science, 345(6204): 1558–1560.Google Scholar
Mäler, K.-G., Aniyar, S. & Jansson, Å. 2008. Accounting for ecosystem services as a way to understand the requirements for sustainable development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(28): 9501–9506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendenhall, C. D., Shields-Estrada, A., Krishnaswami, A. J. & Daily, G. C. 2016. Quantifying and sustaining biodiversity in tropical agricultural landscapes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(51): 14544–14551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: The Assessment Series (Four Volumes and Summary). Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Ministry of Environmental Protection of China & Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2008. National Ecosystem Service Zoning in China. Beijing.Google Scholar
Naidoo, R. & Ricketts, T. H. 2006. Mapping the economic costs and benefits of conservation. PLoS Biology, 4(11): e360.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 2005. Valuing Ecosystem Services: Toward Better Environmental Decision-Making. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Nelson, E., Mendoza, G., Regetz, J., Polasky, S., Tallis, H., Cameron, D., Chan, K., Daily, G. C., Goldstein, J., Kareiva, P. M., Lonsdorf, E., Naidoo, R., Ricketts, T. H. & Shaw, M. R. 2009. Modeling multiple ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, commodity production, and tradeoffs at landscape scales. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7(1): 4–11.Google Scholar
Norton, B. G. 1987. Why Preserve Natural Variety? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ouyang, Z. Y. 2007. Ecological Construction and Sustainable Development. Beijing: Science Press.Google Scholar
Ouyang, Z., Zheng, H., Xiao, Y., Polasky, S., Liu, J., Xu, W., Wang, Q., Zhang, L., Xiao, Y., Rao, E., Jiang, L., Lu, F., Wang, X., Yang, G., Gong, S., Wu, B., Zeng, Y., Yang, W. & Daily, G. C. 2016. Improvements in ecosystem services from investments in natural capital in China. Science, 352(6292): 1455–1459.Google Scholar
Pagiola, S. & Platais, G. 2007. Payments for Environmental Services: From Theory to Practice. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Perrings, C., Duraiappah, A., Larigauderie, A. & Mooney, H. A. 2011. The biodiversity and ecosystem services science-policy interface. Science, 331(6021): 1139–1140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rapidel, B., Declerck, F., Le Coq, J.-F. & Beer, J. (Eds.). 2011. Ecosystem Services from Agriculture and Agroforestry: Measurement and Payment. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Ren, L., Li, J., Li, C., Li, S. & Daily, G. 2018. Does poverty matter in payment for ecosystem services program? Participation in the New Stage Sloping Land Conversion Program. Sustainability, 10(6): 1888.Google Scholar
Rokityanskiy, D., Benítez, P. C., Kraxner, F., McCallum, I., Obersteiner, M., Rametsteiner, E. & Yamagata, Y. 2007. Geographically explicit global modeling of land-use change, carbon sequestration, and biomass supply. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 74(7): 1057–1082.Google Scholar
Rolston, H., III. 2000. The land ethic at the turn of the millennium. Biodiversity & Conservation, 9(8): 1045–1058.Google Scholar
Ruckelshaus, M., McKenzie, E., Tallis, H., Guerry, A., Daily, G. C., Kareiva, P., Polasky, S., Ricketts, T., Bhagabati, N., Wood, S. A. & Bernhardt, J. 2015. Notes from the field: Lessons learned from using ecosystem service approaches to inform real-world decisions. Ecological Economics, 115: 11–21.Google Scholar
Sharp, R., Tallis, H., Ricketts, T., Guerry, A., Wood, S., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Nelson, E., Ennaanay, D., Wolny, S., Olwero, N., Vigerstol, K., Pennington, D., Mendoza, G., Aukema, J., Foster, J., Forrest, J., Cameron, D., Arkema, K., Lonsdorf, E., Kennedy, C., Verutes, G., Kim, C. K., Guannel, G., Papenfus, M., Toft, J., Marsik, M., Bernhardt, J., Griffin, R., Glowinski, K., Chaumont, N., Perelman, A., Lacayo, M., Mandle, L., Hamel, P., Vogl, A. L., Rogers, L. & Bierbower, W. 2016. InVEST 3.3.3 User’s Guide. Stanford, CA: The Natural Capital Project.Google Scholar
US EPA. 2009. Valuing the Protection of Ecological Systems and Services. EPA-SAB-09-012. Washington, DC: US EPA.Google Scholar
US EPA Science Advisory Board. 2009. Valuing the Protection of Ecological Systems and Services. EPA-SSAB-09-012. Washington, DC: US EPA.Google Scholar
Wunder, S., Engel, S. & Pagiola, S. 2008. Taking stock: A comparative analysis of payments for environmental services programs in developed and developing countries. Ecological Economics, 65(4): 834–852.Google Scholar
Xu, W., Xiao, Y., Zhang, J., Yang, W., Zhang, L., Hull, V., Wang, Z., Zheng, H., Liu, J., Polasky, S., Jiang, L., Xiao, Y., Shi, X., Rao, E., Lu, F., Wang, X., Daily, G. C. & Ouyang, Z. 2017. Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(7): 1601–1606.Google Scholar
Zhang, P., Shao, G., Zhao, G., Le Master, D. C., Parker, G. R., Dunning, J. B., Jr. & Li, Q. 2000. China’s forest policy for the 21st century. Science, 288(5474): 2135–2136.Google Scholar
Zheng, H., Robinson, B. E., Liang, Y.-C., Polasky, S., Ma, D.-C., Wang, F.-C., Ruckelshaus, M., Ouyang, Z.-Y. & Daily, G. C. 2013. Benefits, costs, and livelihood implications of a regional Payment for Ecosystem Service program. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(41): 16681–16686.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×