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14 - Molecular approach to micrometazoans. Are they here, there and everywhere?

from Part IV - Pluricellular eukaryotes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

By
Noemi Guil
Edited by
Diego Fontaneto
Noemi Guil
Affiliation:
National Museum of Natural History
Diego Fontaneto
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
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Summary

Introduction

The ‘Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects’ hypothesis (EiE hereafter) was originally proposed to explain the apparent ubiquity of microorganisms based on evidence from bacteria (Beijerinck, 1913). Recently, this has been proposed also for protists (e.g. Fenchel and Finlay, 2004) and further extended to micrometazoans (animals smaller than 2 mm) (Foissner, 2006). This hypothesis assumes that microorganisms disperse worldwide due to their microscopic sizes and dormancy capabilities, and that their distributions are restricted only by environmental limitations. High local:global diversity ratios for species assemblages and high gene flow between populations are thus expected. Micrometazoans share a common evolutionary history and the multicellular condition with macroscopic animals, while they are similar in terms of resources used, microscopic size and dormancy capability to microscopic unicellular organisms, which are supposed to be without biogeographies. Even though micrometazoans may provide interesting evidence for the EiE hypothesis, their diversity and phylogeography has not received much attention. However, results so far (which we will deal with along the chapter) give us some indications of ecological and historical–geographic influence on micrometazoan distributions.

Little is known about distributional patterns and phylogeography in micrometazoans – as yet they neither support nor reject the EiE hypothesis. However, the few studies using a molecular approach are providing useful results on micrometazoan patterns, cryptic species and phylogeography.

Type
Chapter
Information
Biogeography of Microscopic Organisms
Is Everything Small Everywhere?
 , pp. 284 - 306
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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