Book contents
- BiocharA Regional Supply Chain Approach in View of Climate Change Mitigation
- Biochar
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Biochar in the View of Climate Change Mitigation: the FOREBIOM Experience
- Part I The Interdisciplinary Approach
- Part II Sustainable Biomass Resources
- 6 An Integrated Approach to Assess Sustainable Forest Biomass Potentials at Country Level
- 7 Sustainable Biomass Potentials from Coppice Forests for Pyrolysis: Chances and Limitations
- 8 Towards Environmental and Economic Sustainability via the Biomass Industry: the Malaysian Case Study
- 9 Carbon Sequestration Potential of Forest Biomass in Turkey
- Part III Biochar Production
- Part IV Biochar Application as a Soil Amendment
- Index
- Plate Section (PDF Only)
- References
9 - Carbon Sequestration Potential of Forest Biomass in Turkey
from Part II - Sustainable Biomass Resources
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 December 2016
Book contents
- BiocharA Regional Supply Chain Approach in View of Climate Change Mitigation
- Biochar
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- 1 Biochar in the View of Climate Change Mitigation: the FOREBIOM Experience
- Part I The Interdisciplinary Approach
- Part II Sustainable Biomass Resources
- 6 An Integrated Approach to Assess Sustainable Forest Biomass Potentials at Country Level
- 7 Sustainable Biomass Potentials from Coppice Forests for Pyrolysis: Chances and Limitations
- 8 Towards Environmental and Economic Sustainability via the Biomass Industry: the Malaysian Case Study
- 9 Carbon Sequestration Potential of Forest Biomass in Turkey
- Part III Biochar Production
- Part IV Biochar Application as a Soil Amendment
- Index
- Plate Section (PDF Only)
- References
Summary
Abstract
The role of Turkish forests in mitigating GHG emissions under the present policy incentives is evaluated in this chapter. Currently, the forestry sector is an increasing sink whereas the GHG emissions of the energy, industry, agriculture and waste sectors are increasing faster. The main drivers of GHG removals by forests are the difference between wood increment and harvest rate, and ambitious afforestation/reforestation programs. Potentially, wood biomass could supply a significant part of the energy demand and could be a substitute for fossil fuels. However, the current policy framework does not reward the implementation of such initiatives. Renewable resources constitute some 9% of Turkey’s primary energy supply, and almost half of it is provided from biomass resources. Mostly agricultural and animal wastes are collected and converted into energy in this way but the amount decreases every year in contrast with the global trend. The use of forest biomass as an alternative energy source is very limited in Turkey and there is not much support from the government on this. The biomass energy sources are emphasized in the Climate Change Action Plan of Turkey prepared in 2011 but the government has failed to incentivize this with efficient policy approaches yet.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- BiocharA Regional Supply Chain Approach in View of Climate Change Mitigation, pp. 184 - 196Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2016
References
Ahmad, A., Mirza, S. N. and Nizami, S. M. (2014). Assessment of biomass and carbon stocks in coniferous forest of Dir Kohistan, KPK. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51, pp. 335–340.Google Scholar
Anandarajah, G. and Strachan, N. (2010). Interactions and implications of renewable and climate change policy on UK energy scenarios. Energy Policy, 38, pp. 6724–6735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beyazıt, M. F. (2004). Türkiye Ekonomisi ve Büyüme Oranının Sürdürülebilirliği (Turkish economy and sustainability of growth rate). Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 5, pp. 89–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biringer, J. (2003). Forest ecosystems threatened by climate change: promoting long-term forest resilience. In: Hansen, L. J., Biringer, J. L. and Hoffman, J. R. (eds.) Buying Time: A User’s Manual for Building Resistance and Resilience to Climate Change in Natural Systems. WWF Climate Change Program.Google Scholar
Bouyer, O. and Serengil, Y. (2014). Cost and Benefit Assessment of Implementing LULUCF Accounting Rules in Turkey. Istanbul: OGM.Google Scholar
Bouyer, O. and Serengil, Y. (2016). Carbon stored in harvested wood products in Turkey and projections for 2020. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University (JFFIU), 66, pp. 295–302.Google Scholar
Brown, S. (1996). Present and potential roles of forests in the global climate change debate. [online] Available at: www.fao.org/docrep/w0312e/w0312e03.htm#TopOfPage [Accessed 1 January 2015]Google Scholar
Christiansen, A. C. (2002). New renewable energy developments and the climate change issue: a case study of Norwegian politics. Energy Policy, 30, pp. 235–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demirbaş, A. (2004). The importance of biomass. Energy Sources, 26, pp. 361–366. doi. 10.1080/0090831049077406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demirbaş, A. (2008). Importance of biomass energy sources for Turkey. Energy Policy, 36, pp. 834–842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demirbaş, A., Pehlivan, E. and Turkan, A. (2006). Potential evolution of Turkish agricultural residues as bio-gas, bio-char and bio-oil sources. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31, pp. 613–620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixon, R. K., Solomon, A. M., Brown, S., Houghton, R. A., Trexier, M. C. and Wisniewski, J. (1994). Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. Science, 263, pp. 185–190. doi:10.1126/science.263.5144.185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DPT, (2001). VIII. Bes yıllık kalkınma planı, ormancılık özel ihtisas komisyonu raporu, Silvikültür ve Enerji Ormanları. DPT: 2531-ÖİK, 547, pp. 255–278.Google Scholar
Ediger, V. S. and Kentel, E. (1999). Renewable energy potential as an alternative to fossil fuels in Turkey. Energy Conservation and Management, 40, pp. 743–755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geray, A. U. and Okan, T. (2008). Yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olarak ormanlar. [online] Available at: www.foresteconomics.org/ugeray2.pdf [Accessed 17 February 2015]Google Scholar
IPCC. (1995). Climate change 1995: IPCC second assessment report. A report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [online] Available at: www.ipcc.ch/pdf/climate-changes-1995/ipcc-2nd-assessment/2nd-assessment-en.pdf [Accessed 07 January 2015]Google Scholar
Jandl, R., Lindner, M., Vesterdal, L., et al. (2007a). How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration? Geoderma, 137, pp. 253–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jandl, R., Vesterdal, L., Olsson, M., Bens, O., Badeck, F. and Rock, J. (2007b). Carbon sequestration and forest management. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 2, doi: 10.1079/ PAVSNNR20072017.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. W. and Curtis, P. S. (2001). Effects of forest management on soil C and N storage: meta analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 140, pp. 227–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, D. W., Knoepp, J. D., Swank, W. T. et al. (2002). Effects of forest management on soil carbon: results of some long-term resampling studies. Environmental Pollution, 116, pp. 201–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaya, Z. and Raynal, D. J. (2001). Biodiversity and conservation of Turkish forests. Biological Conservation, 97, pp. 131–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaygusuz, K. and Türker, A. (2002). Biomass energy potential in Turkey. Renewable Energy, 26, pp. 661–678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaygusuz, K. and Sarı, A. (2003). Renewable energy potential and utilization in Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management, 44, pp. 459–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J. and Rondon, M. (2006). Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems – a review. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11, pp. 403–427. doi: 10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (2014). Türkiye Ulusal Yenilenebilir Enerji Eylem Planı. [online] Available at: www.eie.gov.tr/duyurular_haberler/document/Turkiye_Ulusal_Yenilenebilir_Enerji_Eylem_Plani.PDF [Accessed 8 August 2016]Google Scholar
Morrison, T., Matthews, R., Miller, G. et al. (2012). Understanding the carbon and greenhouse gas balance of forests in Britain. Forestry Commission Research Report, pp. 68–69. [online] Available at: www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/FCRP018.pdf/$FILE/FCRP018.pdf [Accessed 4 July 2016]Google Scholar
NIR (2014). National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report 1990–2012. Annual report submission under the framework convention on climate change. Ankara: TurkStat (Turkish Statistical Institute).Google Scholar
Paoletti, E., De Vries, W., Mikkelsen, T. N. et al. (2013). Key indicators of air pollution and climate change impacts at forest supersites. Climate change, air pollution and global changes: understanding and perspectives from forest research. In: Matyssek, R., Clarke, N., Cudlin, P., Mikkelsen, T. N., Tuovinen, J. P., Wieser, G. and Paoletti, E. (eds.) Developments in Environmental Science, 13, pp. 497–518.Google Scholar
Sapkota, A., Lu, Z., Yang, H. and Wang, J. (2015). Role of renewable energy technologies in rural communities’ adaptation to climate change in Nepal. Renewable Energy, 68, pp. 793–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saraçoğlu, N. (2008). Biyokütleden enerji üretiminde enerji ormancılığının önemi. VII. Ulusal Temiz Enerji Sempozyumu, UTES. 17–19 Aralık 2008, İstanbul.Google Scholar
Swift, K. and Cuzner, D. (2012). Natural disturbance effects on forest carbon dynamics, and the role of forest management in the process. Climate-induced changes to natural disturbance regimes and management responses in British Columbia: impacts on natural and human systems. FORREX Series 28.Google Scholar
Taşkıran, D. (2009). Yenilenebilir enerjide orman biyokütlesinin durumu ve Orman Genel Müdürlüğü’ nde biyoenerji konusunda yapılan çalışmalar. [online] Available at: www.slideserve.com/alton/ekim-2009-ogm-tr# [Accessed 22 December 2014]Google Scholar
Tolunay, D. (2011). Total carbon stocks and carbon accumulation in living biomass in forest ecosystems of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 35, pp. 265–279. doi: 10.3906/tar-0909-369.Google Scholar
TUIK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Turkish Statistical Institute) (2014) [online] Available at: www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist [Accessed 27 November 2014]Google Scholar
UNFCCC (2015). Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data. [online] Available at: http://unfccc.int/ghg_data/items/3800.php [Accessed 05 January 2015]Google Scholar
Wang, H. (2010). Biochar for climate change mitigation: the role of forest industry. [online] Available at: www.biochar-international.org/sites/default/files/Hailong_Wang.pdf [Accessed 21 January 2015]Google Scholar
- 1
- Cited by