Iron Age archaeologists working with material from ancient Israel have long noticed dramatic changes in pottery styles during the transition from the Iron I to the Iron II. The Aegean-inspired Philistine pottery that dominated the southern coastal plain during the Iron I completely disappeared in the tenth century BCE, as did the once pervasive collared rim jar of the highlands. Slip and burnish, rare in the Iron I, became extremely popular, and the limited ceramic repertoire that characterized the Iron I highland settlements grew significantly. Finally, in the Negev Highlands sites, a simple form of handmade pottery became dominant. The chapter reviews these dramatic changes, all taking place at approximately the same time, and shows that they were all a result of the growing complexity in the region, and the emergence of larger polities.