Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T09:03:20.834Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 2 - The Garden of Pisistratus

Benefactions and Dues in Archaic Athens

from Part I - Benefiting the Community in Early Greece

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2021

Marc Domingo Gygax
Affiliation:
Princeton University, New Jersey
Arjan Zuiderhoek
Affiliation:
Universiteit Gent, Belgium
Get access

Summary

On the one hand, the tyrants of the archaic age are considered to be demophagoi, the ‘eaters’ of common goods; on the other hand, their reign is praised as the Golden Age of Kronos. This chapter deals with the relationship between tyrants and the people and discusses the connection between dues and benefactions. It establishes the notion that the reign of tyrants as well as the reign of succeeding aristocratic houses were rooted in the tradition of Homeric kings. The garden of the Phaeacian king Alcinoos, where the citizens drew their water, symbolizes ideal ruling. Exactly the same kind of benefactions, the securing of the water supplies, has been attributed to the archaic tyrants. The chapter aims to present the lines of tradition as well as the discontinuities in the early Greek conceptions of generosity and dominion.

Type
Chapter
Information
Benefactors and the Polis
The Public Gift in the Greek Cities from the Homeric World to Late Antiquity
, pp. 44 - 66
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, G. (2005) ‘Before turannoi were tyrants: rethinking a chapter of early Greek history’, Classical Antiquity 24: 173222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ando, H. (1988) ‘A study of servile peasantry of ancient Greece: centering around hectemoroi of Athens’, in Yuge, T. and Doi, M. (eds.), Forms of Control and Subordination in Antiquity. Leiden, 323–30.Google Scholar
Audring, G. (1989) Zur Struktur des Territoriums griechischer Poleis in Archaischer Zeit. Berlin.Google Scholar
Benveniste, E. (1969) Le vocabulaire des institutions indo-européennes, vol. 1. Paris.Google Scholar
Bintliff, J. (2006) ‘Solon’s reforms: an archaeological perspective’, in Blok, J. H. and Lardinois, A. P. M. H. (eds.), Solon of Athens: New Historical and Philological Approaches. Leiden, 321–31.Google Scholar
Blok, J. H. (2000) ‘Phye’s procession: culture, politics and Peisistratid rule’, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. (ed.), Peisistratos and the Tyranny: A Reappraisal of the Evidence. Amsterdam, 1748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boersma, J. (2000) ‘Peisistratos’ building activity reconsidered’, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. (ed.), Peisistratos and the Tyranny: A Reappraisal of the Evidence. Amsterdam, 4956.Google Scholar
Bonanno, D. (2009) ‘Athènes et les Philaides: formes de réciprocité entre les aristocrates et la polis’, Antiquité Classique 78: 6386.Google Scholar
Carlier, P. (1996) ‘Les basileis homériques sont-ils des rois’, Ktèma 21: 522.Google Scholar
Ceccarelli, P., Létoublon, F., and Steinrück, M. (1998) ‘L’individu, le territoire, la graisse: du public et du privé chez Homère’, in de Polignac, F. and Pantel, P. Schmitt (eds.), Public et privé en Grèce ancienne: lieux, conduites, pratiques. Ktèma 23. Strasbourg, 4758.Google Scholar
Connor, W. R. (1973) The Politicians of Fifth-Century Athens. Princeton.Google Scholar
Cox, C. A. (1998) Household Interests: Property, Marriage Strategies, and Family Dynamics in Ancient Athens. Princeton.Google Scholar
Creveld, M. van (1999) The Rise and Decline of the State. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Deger-Jalkotzy, S. (2004) ‘Lesarten mykenischer Kontexte. Deutungsmuster für das Verständnis einer frühgriechischen Hochkultur’, in Panagl, O. and Wodak, R. (eds.), Text und Kontext. Theoriemodelle und methodische Verfahren im transdisziplinären Vergleich. Würzburg, 205–18.Google Scholar
Domingo Gygax, M. (2002) ‘Peisistratos und Kimon. Anmerkungen zu einem Vergleich bei Athenaios’, Hermes 130: 245–9.Google Scholar
Domingo Gygax, M. (2016) Benefaction and Rewards in the Ancient Greek City: The Origins of Euergetism. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Donlan, W. (1982a) ‘The politics of generosity’, Helios 9: 529.Google Scholar
Donlan, W. (1982b) ‘Reciprocities in Homer’, Classical World 75: 137–75.Google Scholar
Donlan, W. (1989) ‘The pre-state community in Greece’, Symbolae Osloenses 64: 529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donlan, W. (1997) ‘The relations of power in the pre-state and early state polities’, in Mitchell, L. G. and Rhodes, P. J. (eds.), The Development of the Polis in Archaic Greece. London, 3948.Google Scholar
Duplouy, A. (2002) ‘L’aristocratie et la circulation des richesses: apport de l’histoire économique à la définition des élites grecques’, Revue Belge de Philologie et d’Histoire 80.1: 624.Google Scholar
Ehrhardt, N. (1992) ‘Athen im 6. Jh. v. Chr. Quellenlage, Methodenprobleme und Fakten’, in Wehgartner, I. (ed.), Euphronios und seine Zeit. Kolloquium in Berlin 19./20. April 1991 anlässlich der Ausstellung Euphronios, der Maler. Berlin, 1223.Google Scholar
Finley, M. I. (1954/1967) The World of Odysseus. New York.Google Scholar
Finley, M. I. (1981) Economy and Society in Ancient Greece, ed. Shaw, B. D. and Saller, R. P.. London.Google Scholar
Gaborieau, M. (1981) ‘The law of debt in Nepal: private rights and state rights in a Hindu kingdom’, in von Fürer-Haimendorf, C. (ed.), Asian Highland Societies in Anthropological Perspective. New Delhi, 131–56.Google Scholar
Gallant, T. W. (1982) ‘Agricultural system, land tenure, and the reform of Solon’, Annuals of the British School of Athens 77: 111–24.Google Scholar
Gallant, T. W. (1991) Risk and Survival in Ancient Greece: Reconstructing the Rural Domestic Economy. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Georgoudi, S. (1974) ‘Quelques problèmes de la transhumance dans la Grèce ancienne’, Revue des Etudes Grecques 87: 155–75.Google Scholar
Godley, A. D. (2004) Herodotus. With an English translation. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Günther, L. M. (1999) ‘“Alles von überall her …”. Handel und Tryphe bei Polykrates von Samos’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 18: 4856.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M. (2002) ‘Did Solon abolish debt-bondage?’, Classical Quarterly 52.2: 415–30.Google Scholar
Herman, G. (2006) Morality and Behaviour in Democratic Athens: A Social History. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hicks, R. D. (1950) Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers. With an English translation. Vol. 1. London.Google Scholar
Hölscher, L. (1979) Öffentlichkeit und Geheimnis. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Jameson, M. (1988) ‘Sacrifice and animal husbandry’, in Whittaker, C. R. (ed.), Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge, 87119.Google Scholar
Jim, T. S. F. (2014) Sharing with the Gods, Aparchai and Dekatai in Ancient Greece. Oxford.Google Scholar
Jones, W. H. S., and Litt, D. (1964) Pausanias’ Description of Greece, vol. 1. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Kallet, L. (2003) ‘Dēmos tyrannos: wealth, power, and economic patronage’, in Morgan, K. A. (ed.), Popular Tyranny: Sovereignty and Its Discontents in Ancient Athens. Austin, 117–54.Google Scholar
Killen, J. R. (1994) ‘Thebes sealings, Knossos tablets and Mycenaean state banquets’, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 39: 6784.Google Scholar
Kinzl, K. H. (1989) ‘Regionalism in Classical Athens?Ancient History Bulletin 3: 59.Google Scholar
Kirk, G. (1977) ‘The hektemoroi of pre-Solonian Athens reconsidered’, Historia 26: 369–70.Google Scholar
Lavelle, B. M. (1995) ‘The Pisistratids and the mines of Thrace’, Athenaeum 83: 4566.Google Scholar
Lavelle, B. (2005) Fame, Money, and Power: The Rise of Pisistratus and ‘Democratic’ Tyranny at Athens. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Lazenby, J. F. (1995) ‘The archaia moira: a suggestion’, Classical Quarterly 45.1: 8791.Google Scholar
Luraghi, N. (2000) ‘Sterben wie ein Tyrann’, in Pircher, W. and Treml, M. (eds.), Tyrannis und Verführung. Vienna, 91114.Google Scholar
Martin, J. (1990) ‘Aspekte antiker Staatlichkeit’, in Eder, W. (ed.), Staat und Staatlichkeit in der frühen Römischen Republik. Akten eines Symposiums 12.–15. Juli 1988, Freie Universität Berlin. Stuttgart, 220–32.Google Scholar
Martin, J. (1994) ‘Der Verlust der Stadt’, in Meier, C. (ed.), Die okzidentale Stadt nach Max Weber. HZ Beiheft 17. Munich, 95114.Google Scholar
Meier, M. (2012) ‘Die athenischen Hektemoroi – Eine Erfindung?’, Historische Zeitschrift 294: 129.Google Scholar
Millet, P. (1987) Lending and Borrowing in Ancient Athens. Leiden.Google Scholar
Mitchell, L. G. (1997) Greeks Bearing Gifts: The Use of Private Relationships in the Greek World, 435–323 BC. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Möller, A. (2015) ‘Zwischen Agonalität und Kollektiv. Wasserversorgung im archaischen Griechenland’, in von Reden, S. and Wieland, C. (eds.), Wasser. Alltagsbedarf, Ingenieurskunst und Repräsentation zwischen Antike und Neuzeit. Göttingen, 2747.Google Scholar
Morgan, K. A. (ed.) (2003) Popular Tyranny: Sovereignty and Its Discontents in Ancient Athens. Austin, TX.Google Scholar
Morris, I. (1986) ‘Gift and commodity in archaic Greece’, Man n.s. 21: 117.Google Scholar
Morris, S. (2003) ‘Imaginary kings: alternatives to monarchy in early Greece’, in Morgan, K. A. (ed.), Popular Tyranny: Sovereignty and Its Discontents in Ancient Athens. Austin, TX, 124.Google Scholar
Murray, A. T., and Dimock, G. E. (1998) Homer, Odyssey. With an English translation. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Murray, A. T., and Wyatt, W. F. (1999) Homer, Iliad. With an English translation. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Nissen, H. J. (1983) Grundzüge einer Geschichte der Frühzeit des Vorderen Orients. Darmstadt.Google Scholar
Olson, S. D. (ed.) (2010) Athenaeus, the Learned Banqueters. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Osborne, R. (1985) Demos: The Discovery of Classical Attica. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Panagiotopoulos, D. (2007) ‘Geschenke und Abgaben in der Mykenischen Palastkultur’, in Klinkott, H., Kubisch, S. and Müller-Wollermann, R. (eds.), Geschenke und Steuern, Zölle und Tribute. Antike Abgabenformen in Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Leiden, 347–67.Google Scholar
Pritchard, D. M. (2012) ‘Costing festivals and war: spending priorities of the Athenian democracy’, Historia 61.1: 1865.Google Scholar
Qviller, B. (1981) ‘The dynamics of the Homeric society’, Symbolae Osloenses 56: 109–55.Google Scholar
Raaflaub, K. (1997) ‘Politics and interstate relations in the world of early Greek poleis: Homer and beyond’, Antichthon 31: 127.Google Scholar
Rackham, H. (1952) Aristotle, the Athenian Constitution. With an English translation. London.Google Scholar
Reinhard, W. (1999) Geschichte der Staatsgewalt. Eine vergleichende Verfassungsgeschichte Europas von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Munich.Google Scholar
Rhodes, P. J. (1984) Aristotle, the Athenian Constitution. Translated with introduction and notes. Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. (2000) ‘The tyranny of Peisistratos’, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H. (ed.), Peisistratos and the Tyranny: A Reappraisal of the Evidence. Amsterdam, 115.Google Scholar
Scheid-Tissinier, E. (2005) ‘“Le monde d’Ulysse” de Moses I. Finley: le vocabulaire et les pratiques’, in Clinier, P., Joannès, F. D., Rouillard, P. and Tenu, A. (eds.), Autour des Polanyi: vocabulaires, théories et modalités des échanges. Nanterre, 12–14 juin 2004. Paris, 217–28.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Hofner, S. (2014) ‘Politik räumlich denken. Herodots drei Parteien in Attika und das politische Imaginaire der Griechen’, Historische Zeitschrift 299: 624–68.Google Scholar
Schmitt Pantel, P. (1992) La cité au banquet: histoire des repas publics dans les cités grecques. Rome.Google Scholar
Schmitt Pantel, P. (2007) ‘L’audience et la démocratie’, in Caillet, J.-P. and Sot, M. (eds.), L’audience: rituels et cadres spatiaux dans l’Antiquité et le haut Moyen Age. Paris, 7792.Google Scholar
Schmitt Pantel, P. (2009) Hommes illustres: mœurs et politique à Athènes au Ve siècle. Paris.Google Scholar
Schmitt Pantel, P. (2012) ‘Politische Identität und Lebensstil. Plutarchs Sicht auf die politische Elite im Athen des 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr.’, Historische Anthropologie 20.1: 122–39.Google Scholar
Schmitz, W. (2004) Nachbarschaft und Dorfgemeinschaft im archaischen und klassischen Griechenland. Berlin.Google Scholar
Service, E. R. (1975) The Origin of the State and Civilization. New York.Google Scholar
Shapiro, A. (1989) Art and Cult under the Tyrants in Athens. Mainz.Google Scholar
Shapiro, A. (1992) ‘Mousikoi Agones: Music and Poetry at the Panathenaia’, in Neils, J. (ed.), Goddess and Polis: The Panatheniac Festival in Ancient Athens. Princeton, 5375.Google Scholar
Shapiro, A. (1993) ‘Hipparchos and the Rhapsodes’, in Dougherty, C. and Kurke, L. (eds.), Cultural Poetics in Archaic Greece. Cambridge, 92107.Google Scholar
Smith, C. F. (1977) Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War. With an English translation. Vol. 3. London.Google Scholar
Spahn, P. (1998) ‘Die Steuer der Peisistratiden – idion, koinon oder hieron?,’ in de Polignac, F. and Pantel, P. Schmitt (eds.), Public et privé en Grèce ancienne: lieux, conduites, pratiques. Ktèma 23. Strasbourg, 197206.Google Scholar
Stahl, M. (1987) Aristokraten und Tyrannen im archaischen Athen. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Stein-Hölkeskamp, E. (2009) ‘The tyrants’, in Raaflaub, K. A. and van Wees, H. (eds.), A Companion to Archaic Greece. London, 100–16.Google Scholar
Thomson, G. D. (1978) Studies in Ancient Greek Society. London.Google Scholar
Tölle-Kastenbein, R. (1994) Das archaische Wasserleitungsnetz für Athen. Mainz.Google Scholar
Tuplin, Ch. (1985) ‘Imperial tyranny: some reflections on a classical Greek political metaphor’, in Cartledge, P. and Harvey, F. D. (eds.), Crux: Essays in Greek History Presented to G. E. M. de Ste Croix. Exeter, 348–75.Google Scholar
Ure, P. N. (1922) The Origin of Tyranny. Cambridge.Google Scholar
van der Lahr, S. (1990) Dichter und Tyrannen im archaischen Griechenland. Das Corpus Theognideum als zeitgenössische Quelle politischer Wertvorstellungen archaisch-griechischer Aristokraten. Konstanz.Google Scholar
van Effenterre, H. (1977) ‘Solon et la terre d’Éleusis’, Revue Internationale des Droits de l’Antiquité 3rd ser. 24: 91130.Google Scholar
van Wees, H. (1998) ‘The law of gratitude: reciprocity in anthropological theory’, in Gill, C., Postlethwaite, N. and Seaford, R. (eds.), Reciprocity in Ancient Greece. Oxford, 1349.Google Scholar
van Wees, H. (2006) ‘Mass and elite in Solon’s Athens: the property classes revisited’, in Blok, J. H. and Lardinois, A. P. M. H. (eds.), Solon of Athens: New Historical and Philological Approaches. Leiden, 351–89.Google Scholar
van Wees, H. (2013) Ships and Silver, Taxes and Tribute: A Fiscal History of Archaic Athens. London.Google Scholar
Vidal-Naquet, P. (1986) ‘Land and sacrifice in the Odyssey: a study of religious and mythical meanings’, in Vidal-Naquet, P., The Black Hunter: Forms of Thought and Forms of Society in the Greek World. Baltimore, 1538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vidal-Naquet, P. (1989) ‘Religiöse und mythische Bedeutung des Bodens und des Opfers in der Odyssee’, in Vidal-Naquet, P., Der schwarze Jäger. Frankfurt, 33–51, 265–74.Google Scholar
Wagner-Hasel, B. (1988) ‘Geschlecht und Gabe. Zum Brautgütersystem bei Homer’, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 105: 3273.Google Scholar
Wagner-Hasel, B. (2000) Der Stoff der Gaben. Kultur und Politik des Schenkens und Tauschens im archaischen Griechenland. Frankfurt.Google Scholar
Wagner-Hasel, B. (2002) ‘Kommunikationswege und die Entstehung überregionaler Heiligtümer. Das Fallbeispiel Delphi’, in Olshausen, E. and Sonnabend, H. (eds.), Zu Wasser und zu Land. Verkehrswege in der antiken Welt. Stuttgarter Kolloquium zur Historischen Geographie des Altertums 7. Stuttgart, 160–80.Google Scholar
Wagner-Hasel, B. (2018) ‘Hektemoroi – Kontraktbauern, Schuldknechte oder abgabenpflichtige Bauern?’, in Ruffing, K. and Droß-Krüpe, K. (eds.), Emas non quod opus est, sed quos necesse est. Beiträge zur Wirtschafts-, Sozial-, Rezeptions- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Antike. Festschrift für Hans-Joachim Drexhage zum 70. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden, 295308.Google Scholar
Wagner-Hasel, B. (2020) The Fabric of Gifts. Culture and Politics of Giving and Exchange in Archaic Greece. Lincoln, NE.Google Scholar
Waldner, K. (2000) Geburt und Hochzeit des Kriegers. Geschlechterdifferenz und Initiation in Mythos und Ritual der griechischen Polis. Berlin.Google Scholar
Weiner, A. B. (1980) ‘“Reproduction”: a replacement for reciprocity’, American Ethnologist 7.1: 7185.Google Scholar
Wood, E. M. (1988) Peasant-Citizen and Slave: The Foundations of Athenian Democracy. London.Google Scholar
Wüst, F. R. (1959) ‘Gedanken über die attischen Stände. Ein Versuch’, Historia 8.1: 111.Google Scholar
Zurbach, J. (2017) Les hommes, la terre et la dette en Grèce c. 1400–c. 500 a.C., 2 vols. Bordeaux.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×