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26 - Acute behavioral and mood changes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2009

By
Selma Aybek  and
Julien Bogousslavsky
Edited by
Olivier Godefroy  and
Julien Bogousslavsky
Selma Aybek
Affiliation:
Swiss Medical Network, Montreux, Switzerland
Julien Bogousslavsky
Affiliation:
Swiss Medical Network, Montreux, Switzerland
Olivier Godefroy
Affiliation:
Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens
Julien Bogousslavsky
Affiliation:
Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
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Summary

Introduction

Motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits are classically recognized as clinical signs of stroke. It was only during the twentieth century that modifications of affective and emotional behavior were recognized in cerebrovascular diseases, with Kraepelin (1921) first describing an association between depression and atherosclerotic diseases. Later, Goldstein (1948) described the catastrophic reaction observed in brain-injured patients, but it was only in the 1970s that Gainotti (1972) conducted the first systematic study of emotional symptoms associated with brain lesions. When talking about mood changes it is not always clear in the literature whether it refers to affective disorders included in psychiatric disturbances or to emotional disorders. Since other chapters in this book are dedicated to mania, depression, and delusion, we will focus on emotional and behavioral modifications related to stroke.

Emotional modifications

The study of emotion in stroke patients is particularly difficult because the variables involved are multiple and complex. One problem is the definition of emotion itself, since it can be expressed in three main ways (Eysenck, 1975, p. 439): a subjective feeling or state experienced by the patient (e.g. sadness, anger, happiness, fear, disgust, surprise), physiological reactions characterized by somatic visceral–autonomic responses (e.g. increased heart rate, blood pressure, salivation, perspiration) and a behavioral component that can be observed (e.g. running away when afraid or smiling when happy). As far as stroke patients are concerned, the study of subjective feelings is extremely difficult since it excludes aphasic patients.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke , pp. 520 - 528
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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