Abd El-Raziq, M., Castel, G., Tallet, P., Le Provost, V., and Marouard, G. 2016. Ayn Soukhna iii: Le complexe de galeries-magasins. Rapport archéologique. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Adams, M. D. 1997. A textual window on the settlement system in ancient Egypt. In Lustig 1997: 90–105.Google Scholar

Adams, M. D. 2005. Community and Society in Egypt in the First Intermediate Period: An Archaeological Investigation of the Abydos Settlement Site. PhD. diss., University of Pennsylvania. Published by University Microfilms International Dissertation Service.Google Scholar

Adams, R. M. 1966. The Evolution of Urban Society: Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.Google Scholar

Adams, R. M. 1981. Heartland of Cities: Surveys of Ancient Settlement and Land Use on the Central Floodplain of the Euphrates. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Adams, R. M. 2000. Scale and complexity in archaic states. Latin American Antiquity 11 (2): 187–93.Google Scholar

Adams, W. Y. 1977. Nubia: Corridor to Africa. London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar

Ahrens, A. 2006. A journey’s end: two Egyptian stone vessels with hieroglyphic inscriptions from the royal tomb at Tell Misrife/Qatna. Ä&L 16: 15–36.Google Scholar

Akkermans, P. M. M. G. and Schwartz, G. M. 2003. The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies (c. 16,000–300 bc). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Alexanian, N. 1995. Die Mastaba ii/1 in Dahschur-Mitte. In Anonymous (ed.), Kunst des Alten Reiches: Symposium im Deutschen Archäologischen Institut Kairo am 29. und 30. Oktober 1991, 1–18. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar

Alexanian, N. 1998a. Ritualrelikte an Mastabagräbern des Alten Reiches. In Guksch, H. and Polz, D. (eds.), Stationen: Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Ägyptens, Rainer Stadelmann gewidmet, 3–22. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar

Alexanian, N. 1998b. Die Reliefdekoration des Chasechemui aus dem sogenannten Fort in Hierakonpolis. In Grimal, N. (ed.), Les critères de datation stylistiques à l’ancien empire, 1–29. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Alexanian, N. 1999. Dahschur ii: Das Grab des Prinzen Netjer-aperef. Die Mastaba ii/1 in Dahschur. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar

Alexanian, N. 2001. Die provinziellen Mastabagräber und Friedhöfe im Alten Reich, 2 vols. Heidelberg: Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg.Google Scholar

Alexanian, N. 2003. Social dimensions of Old Kingdom mastaba architecture. In Hawass and Brock 2003: 88–96.Google Scholar

Alexanian, N. 2006. Tomb and social status: the textual evidence. In Bárta, M. (ed.), The Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology: Proceedings of the Conference Held in Prague, May 31 – June 4, 2004, 1–8. Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts.Google Scholar

Alexanian, N. and Seidlmayer, S. J. 2002. Die Residenznekropole von Dahschur: erster Grabungsbericht. MDAIK 58: 1–28.Google Scholar

Allam, S. 2004. Une classe ouvrière: les merit (mr.t). In Menu 2004: 123–55.Google Scholar

Allam, S. 2019. Hieratischer Papyrus Bulaq 18, 2 vols. Tübingen: Selbstverlag.Google Scholar

Allen, J. P. 2002. The Heqanakht Papyri. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar

Allen, J. P. 2003. The high officials of the early Middle Kingdom. In Strudwick, N. and Taylor, J. H. (eds.), The Theban Necropolis: Past, Present and Future, 14–29. London: British Museum Press.Google Scholar

Allen, J. P. 2008. The historical inscription of Khnumhotep at Dahshur: preliminary report. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 352: 29–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Allen, J. P. 2015. The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, 2nd ed. Atlanta: SBL Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Allen, S. J. 1997. Spinning bowls: representation and reality. In Phillips, J. (ed.), Ancient Egypt, the Aegean, and the Near East: Studies in Honour of Martha Rhoads Bell, 17–38. San Antonio: Van Siclen Books.Google Scholar

Allen, S. J. 1998. Queens’ ware: royal funerary pottery in the Middle Kingdom. In Eyre, C. J. (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge 3–9 September 1995, 39–48. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar

Allen, S. J. 2009. Funerary pottery in the Middle Kingdom: archaism or revival? In Silverman, D. P., Simpson, W. K., and Wegner, J. (eds.), Archaism and Innovation: Studies in the Culture of Middle Kingdom Egypt, 319–39. New Haven: Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Yale University; Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.Google Scholar

Allen, S. J. 2012. Pyramid ware. In Schiestl, R. and Seiler, A. (eds.), Handbook of Pottery of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. Volume 2: The Regional Volume, 185–95. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Alliot, M. 1954. Le culte d’Horus à Edfou au temps des Ptolémées. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Altenmüller, H. 2015. Zwei Annalenfragmente aus dem frühen Mittleren Reich. Hamburg: Buske.Google Scholar

Altenmüller, H. and Moussa, A. M. 1977. Das Grab des Nianchchnum und Chnumhotep: Old Kingdom Tombs at the Causeway of King Unas at Saqqara. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar

Althoff, G. 1990. Verwandte, Freunde und Getreue: Zum politischen Stellenwert der Gruppenbindungen im früheren Mittelalter. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.Google Scholar

Ameri, M., Costello, S. K., Jamison, G., and Scott, S. J. (eds.) 2018. Seals and Sealing in the Ancient World: Case Studies from the Near East, Egypt, the Aegean, and South Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anderson, D. and Rathbone, R. 2000. Urban Africa: histories in the making. In Anderson, D. and Rathbone, R. (eds.), Africa’s Urban Past, 1–17. Oxford: James Currey.Google Scholar

Andrássy, P. 1998. Überlegungen zur Bezeichnung s n niwt tn ‘Mann dieser Stadt’ und zur Sozialstruktur des Mittleren Reiches. In Eyre, C. J. (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, Cambridge, 3–9 September 1995, 49–58. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar

Andrássy, P. 2009. Die Teammarken der Bauleute des ägyptischen Alten und Mittleren Reiches. In Haring, B. J. J. and Kaper, O. E. (eds.), Pictograms or Pseudo Script? Non-Textual Identity Marks in Practical Use in Ancient Egypt and Elsewhere. Proceedings of a Conference in Leiden, 19–20 December 2006, 5–48. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten; Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar

Andrássy, P. 2012. Ein Archiv von Wirtschaftstexten auf kalottenförmigen Trinknäpfen des Mittleren Reiches: ein Vorbericht. In Lepper, V. M. (ed.), Forschung in der Papyrussammlung: Eine Festgabe für das Neue Museum, 25–46. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.Google Scholar

Andrén, A. 1998. Between Artifacts and Texts: Historical Archaeology in Global Perspective. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Antoine, J.-C. 2017. Modelling the Nile agricultural floodplain in eleventh and tenth century b.c. Middle Egypt: a study of the P. Wilbour and other land registers. In Willems, H. and Dahms, J.-M. (eds.), The Nile: Natural and Cultural Landscape in Egypt, 15–51. Bielefeld: Transcript.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Antoine, J.-C. 2020. The typology of settlements in Ramesside Middle Egypt: an analysis of the Wilbour Papyrus. JEA 105 (1): 59–71.Google Scholar

Appadurai, A. 1986. Introduction: commodities and the politics of value. In Appadurai, A. (ed.), The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective, 3–63. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ariès, P. 1982. Geschichte des Todes. Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag.Google Scholar

Arnold, Di. 1971. Grabung im Asasif 1963–1970. Band 1: Das Grab des Jnj-jtj.f. Die Architektur. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar

Arnold, Di. 1974–81. Der Tempel des Königs Mentuhotep von Deir el-Bahari, 3 vols. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar

Arnold, Di. 1997. Royal cult complexes of the Old and Middle Kingdoms. In Shafer, B. E. (ed.), Temples of Ancient Egypt, 31–85. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; London: I.B. Tauris.Google Scholar

Arnold, Di. 2007. Middle Kingdom Tomb Architecture at Lisht. New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Arnold, Di. 2019a. Eine Priestersiedlung am Pyramidenbezirk Amenemhets III. in Dahschur. Sokar 37: 80–9.Google Scholar

Arnold, Di. 2019b. Der Taltempel der Pyramide Amenemhets III. in Dahschur. Sokar 38: 60–7.Google Scholar

Arnold, Di. 2020. Der Gebäudekomplex südöstlich der Pyramide Amenemhets III. in Dahschur. Sokar 39: 90–7.Google Scholar

Arnold, Di., Arnold, Do., and Dorman, P. F. 1988. The Pyramid of Senwosret I. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar

Arnold, Di., Oppenheim, A., and Allen, J. P. 2002. The Pyramid Complex of Senwosret III at Dahshur: Architectural Studies. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar

Arnold, Do. 1982. Keramikbearbeitung in Dahschur 1976–1981. MDAIK 38: 25–66.Google Scholar

Arnold, Do. 1991. Amenemhat I and the early Twelfth Dynasty at Thebes. Metropolitan Museum Journal 26: 5–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arnold, Do. 1999. Reliefs royaux. In Anonymous (ed.), L’art égyptien au temps des pyramides: Paris, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, 6 avril–12 juillet 1999; New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 16 septembre 1999–9 janvier 2000; Toronto, Musée royal de l’Ontario, 13 février–22 mai 2000, 72–82. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux.Google Scholar

Arnold, Do., Arnold, F., and Allen, S. 1995. Canaanite imports at Lisht, the Middle Kingdom capital of Egypt. Ä&L 5: 13–32.Google Scholar

Arnold, F. 2015. Clean and unclean space: domestic waste management at Elephantine. In Müller 2015a: 151–68.Google Scholar

Arnold, F. 2019. Der Kult an den Pyramiden der 4. Dynastie. Sokar 38: 6–16.Google Scholar

Arnold, F. 2021. Dahschur IV: Tempelanlagen im Tal der Knickpyramide, mit Beiträgen von Ashraf Senussi. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Ashmore, W. and Knapp, A. B. 1999. Archaeological landscapes: constructed, conceptualized, ideational. In Ashmore, W. and Knapp, A. B. (eds.), Archaeologies of Landscape: Contemporary Perspectives, 1–30. Malden: Blackwell.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1970. Der König als Sonnenpriester: Ein kosmographischer Begleittext zur kultischen Sonnenhymnik in thebanischen Tempeln und Gräbern. Glückstadt: Augustin.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1977. Die Verborgenheit des Mythos in Ägypten. GM 25: 7–43.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1983a. Re und Amun: Die Krise des polytheistischen Weltbilds im Ägypten der 18.–20. Dynastie. Freiburg (Switzerland): Universitätsverlag; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1983b. Schrift, Tod und Identität: das Grab als Vorschule der Literatur im alten Ägypten. In Assmann, A., Assmann, J., and Hardmeier, C. (eds.), Schrift und Gedächtnis: Beiträge zur Archäologie der literarischen Kommunikation, 64–93. Munich: Fink.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1984. Ägypten: Theologie und Frömmigkeit einer frühen Hochkultur. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1988. Stein und Zeit: das ‘monumentale’ Gedächtnis der altägyptischen Kultur. In Assmann, J. and Hölscher, T. (eds.), Kultur und Gedächtnis, 87–114. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1990a. Ägyptologie im Kontext der Geisteswissenschaften. In Prinz, W. and Weingart, P. (eds.), Die sogenannten Geisteswissenschaften: Innenansichten, 335–49. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1990b. Ma’at: Gerechtigkeit und Unsterblichkeit im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Beck.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1991. Stein und Zeit: Mensch und Gesellschaft im Alten Ägypten. Munich: Fink.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1992a. Das kulturelle Gedächtnis: Schrift, Erinnerung und politische Identität in frühen Hochkulturen. Munich: Beck.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Assmann, J. 1992b. Politische Theologie zwischen Ägypten und Israel: Erweiterte Fassung eines Vortrags gehalten in der Carl-Friedrich-von-Siemens-Stiftung am 14. Oktober 1991. Munich: Carl-Friedrich-von-Siemens-Stiftung.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1995. Egyptian Solar Religion in the New Kingdom: Re, Amun and the Crisis of Polytheism, trans. A. Alcock. London: Kegan Paul.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1996a. Ägypten: eine Sinngeschichte. Munich: Hanser.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1996b. Verkünden und Verklären: Grundformen hymnischer Rede im Alten Ägypten. In Loprieno, A. (ed.), Ancient Egyptian Literature: History and Forms, 313–34. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 1996c. Der literarische Aspekt des ägyptischen Grabes und seine Funktion im Rahmen des ‘monumentalen Diskurses’. In Loprieno, A. (ed.), Ancient Egyptian Literature: History and Forms, 97–104. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Assmann, J. 1999. Ägyptische Hymnen und Gebete: übersetzt, kommentiert und eingeleitet, 2nd rev. and extended ed. Freiburg (Switzerland): Universitätsverlag; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 2000. Der Tod als Thema der Kulturtheorie: Todesbilder und Totenriten im Alten Ägypten. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 2001. Tod und Jenseits im alten Ägypten. Munich: Beck.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 2002a. The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the Pharaohs, trans. A. Jenkins. New York: Holt.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 2002b. Altägyptische Totenliturgien. Band 1: Totenliturgien in den Sargtexten des Mittleren Reiches. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter.Google Scholar

Assmann, J. 2006. Ma’at: Gerechtigkeit und Unsterblichkeit im alten Ägypten, 2nd ed. Munich: Beck.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Assmann, J. 2011. Cultural Memory and Early Civilization: Writing, Remembrance, and Political Imagination, trans. D. H. Wilson. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aston, D. A. 2013. Mother’s best tea service: pottery as diplomatic gifts in the Second Intermediate Period. In Bader, B. and Ownby, M. F. (eds.), Functional Aspects of Egyptian Ceramics in Their Archaeological Context: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, July 24th–July 25th, 2009, 375–401. Leuven: Peeters; Walpole: Department of Oriental Studies.Google Scholar

Auenmüller, J. 2013. Die Territorialität der Ägyptischen Elite(n) des Neuen Reiches: Eine Studie zu Raum und räumlichen Relationen im textlichen Diskurs, anhand prosopografischer Daten und im archäologischen Record. PhD thesis (Free University Berlin).Google Scholar

Auenmüller, J. 2018. Society and iconography: on the sociological analysis of iconographic programs of Old Kingdom elite tombs. In Kuraszkiewicz, K. O., Kopp, E., and Takács, D. (eds.), ‘The Perfection That Endures … ’: Studies on Old Kingdom Art and Archaeology, 15–41. Warsaw: Zakład Egiptologii, Wydział Orientalistyczny, Uniwersytet Warszawski.Google Scholar

Backes, B. 2005. Das altägyptische ‘Zweiwegebuch’: Studien zu den Sargtext-Sprüchen 1029–1130. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Bács, T. A. and Beinlich, H. (eds.) 2017. Constructing Authority: Prestige, Reputation and the Perception of Power in Egyptian Kingship, Budapest, May 12–14, 2016. 8. Symposion zur ägyptischen Königsideologie / 8th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Bader, B. 2009. Tell el-Dab’a XIX: Auaris und Memphis im Mittleren Reich und in der Hyksoszeit: Vergleichsanalyse der materiellen Kultur. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Bader, B. 2013. Cultural mixing in Egyptian archaeology: the ‘Hyksos’ as a case study. Archaeological Review from Cambridge 28 (1: Archaeology and Cultural Mixture): 257–86.Google Scholar

Bader, B. 2015. Egypt and the Mediterranean in the Bronze Age: the archaeological evidence. In The Oxford Handbook of Topics in Archaeology, online ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.35.Google Scholar

Bader, B. 2018. On simple house architecture at Tell el-Dab’a and its parallels in the late Middle Kingdom. Ä&L 28: 107–42.Google Scholar

Bader, B. 2021a. Material Culture and Identities in Egyptology: Towards a Better Understanding of Cultural Encounters and Their Influence on Material Culture. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Bader, B. 2021b. Regional differences in pottery repertoires: two case studies of early and late Middle Kingdom ceramic assemblages. In Jiménez-Serrano, A. and Morales, A. J. (eds.), Middle Kingdom Palace Culture and Its Echoes in the Provinces: Regional Perspectives and Realities, 45–76. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baer, K. 1960. Rank and Title in the Old Kingdom: The Structure of the Egyptian Administration in the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Bagh, T. 2013. Tell el-Dab’a XXIII: Levantine Painted Ware from Egypt and the Levant. Vienna: ÖAW.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bailey, D. M. 1999. Sebakh, sherds and survey. JEA 85: 211–18.Google Scholar

Baines, J. 1985. Fecundity Figures: Egyptian Personification and the Iconology of a Genre. Warminster: Aris & Phillips; Chicago: Bolchazy Carducci.Google Scholar

Baines, J. 1990. Restricted knowledge, hierarchy, and decorum: modern perceptions and ancient institutions. JARCE 27: 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baines, J. 1995a. Kingship, definition of culture, and legitimation. In O’Connor and Silverman 1995: 3–47.Google Scholar

Baines, J. 1995b. Origins of Egyptian kingship. In O’Connor and Silverman 1995: 95–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baines, J. 1996. Contextualizing Egyptian representations of society and ethnicity. In Cooper, J. S. and Schwartz, G. M. (eds.), The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-First Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference, 339–84. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar

Baines, J. 1997. Kingship before literature: the world of the king in the Old Kingdom. In Gundlach, R. and Raedler, C. (eds.), Selbstverständnis und Realität: Akten des Symposiums zur ägyptischen Königsideologie in Mainz 15.–17.6.1995, 125–74. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Baines, J. 1999. Forerunners of narrative biographies. In Leahy, A. and Tait, J. (eds.), Studies on Ancient Egypt in Honour of H. S. Smith, 23–37. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar

Baines, J. 2004. Modelling sources, processes and locations of early mortuary texts. In Bickel, S. and Mathieu, B. (eds.), D’un monde à l’autre: Textes des Pyramides & Textes des Sarcophages. Actes de la table ronde internationale, ‘Textes des Pyramides versus Textes des Sarcophages’, IFAO – 24–26 septembre 2001, 15–42. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Baines, J. 2006. Display of magic in Old Kingdom Egypt. In Szpakowska, K. (ed.), Through a Glass Darkly: Magic, Dreams & Prophecy in Ancient Egypt, 1–32. Swansea: Classical Press of Wales.Google Scholar

Baines, J. 2007. Visual and Written Culture in Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baines, J. 2008. On the evolution, purpose, and forms of Egyptian annals. In Engel, E.-M., Hartung, U., and Müller, V. (eds.), Zeichen aus dem Sand: Streiflichter aus Ägyptens Geschichte zu Ehren von Günter Dreyer, 19–40. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Baines, J. 2009–10. Modelling the integration of elite and other social groups in Old Kingdom Egypt. In Moreno García, J. C. (ed.), Élites et pouvoir en Égypte ancienne: actes du colloque Université Charles-de-Gaulle – Lille 3, 7 et 8 juillet 2006, 117–44. Lille: Université Charles de Gaulle, Lille III.Google Scholar

Baines, J. 2011. Egyptology and the social sciences: thirty years on. In Verbovsek, Backes and Jones 2011: 573–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baines, J. 2013. High Culture and Experience in Ancient Egypt. Sheffield: Equinox.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baines, J. 2015. Ancient Egyptian cities: monumentality and performance. In Yoffee 2015: 27–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baines, J. 2020. Watery Egyptian landscapes and performances within them. In Geisen 2020a: 177–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baines, J. and Eyre, C. 2007. Four notes on literacy. In Baines 2007: 63–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baines, J. and Lacovara, P. 2002. Burial and the dead in ancient Egyptian society: respect, formalism, neglect. Journal of Social Archaeology 2: 5–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baines, J. and Malek, J. 2000. Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt, revised ed. New York: Checkmark Books.Google Scholar

Baines, J. and Yoffee, N. 1998. Order, legitimacy, and wealth in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. In Feinman and Marcus 1998: 199–260.Google Scholar

Ball, J. 1939. Contributions to the Geography of Egypt. Cairo: Government Press.Google Scholar

Barbotin, C. and Clère, J. J. 1991. L’inscription de Sésostris Ier à Tôd. BIFAO 91: 1–33.Google Scholar

Bard, K. A. 1994. From Farmers to Pharaohs: Mortuary Evidence for the Rise of Complex Society in Egypt. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.Google Scholar

Bard, K. A. 2015. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.Google Scholar

Bard, K. A. and Fattovich, R. 2010. Spatial use of the Twelfth Dynasty harbor at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis for the seafaring expeditions to Punt. JAEI 2 (3): 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bard, K. A. and Fattovich, R. 2018. Seafaring Expeditions to Punt in the Middle Kingdom: Excavations at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis, Egypt. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bardonova, M. 2021. The ‘prince’s court is like a common fountain’: Middle Kingdom royal patronage in the light of a modern sociological concept. In Jiménez-Serrano, A. and Morales, A. J. (eds.), Middle Kingdom Palace Culture and Its Echoes in the Provinces: Regional Perspectives and Realities, 77–100. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnard, H. and Duistermaat, K. (eds.) 2012. The History of the Peoples of the Eastern Desert. Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barrett, J. C. 2001. Agency, the duality of structure, and the problem of the archaeological record. In Hodder, I. (ed.), Archaeological Theory Today, 141–64. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar

Barrett, J. C. and Ko, I. 2009. A phenomenology of landscape: a crisis in British landscape archaeology? Journal of Social Archaeology 9 (3): 275–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bárta, M. 2003. Funerary rites and cults at Abusir south. In Kloth, N., Martin, K., and Pardey, E. (eds.), Es werde niedergelegt als Schriftstück: Festschrift für Hartwig Altenmüller zum 65. Geburtstag, 17–30. Hamburg: Buske.Google Scholar

Bárta, M. 2005. Location of the Old Kingdom pyramids in Egypt. CAJ 15 (2): 177–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bárta, M. 2011. Journey to the West: The World of the Old Kingdom Tombs in Ancient Egypt. Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts.Google Scholar

Bárta, M. 2013. Egyptian kingship during the Old Kingdom. In Hill, Jones, and Morales 2013: 257–83.Google Scholar

Bárta, M. 2014. Abusir XXIII: The Tomb of the Sun Priest Neferinpu (AS 37). Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts.Google Scholar

Bárta, M. 2015a. Ancient Egyptian history as an example of punctuated equilibrium: an outline. In Der Manuelian, P. and Schneider, T. (eds.), Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom: Perspectives on the Pyramid Age, 1–17. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Bárta, M. 2015b. Long term or short term? Climate change and the demise of the Old Kingdom. In Dann, R. J., Bangsgaard, P., and Kerner, S. (eds.), Climate and Ancient Societies, 177–95. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.Google Scholar

Barta, W. 1975. Untersuchungen zur Göttlichkeit des regierenden Königs: Ritus und Sakralkönigtum in Altägypten nach Zeugnissen der Frühzeit und des Alten Reiches. Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag.Google Scholar

Baud, M. 2002. Djéser et la IIIe dynastie. Paris: Pygmalion.Google Scholar

Baud, M. 2010. The Old Kingdom. In Lloyd 2010: 63–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baud, M. and Dobrev, V. 1995. De nouvelles annales de l’Ancien Empire égyptien: une ‘Pierre de Palerme’ pour la VIe dynastie. BIFAO 95: 23–92.Google Scholar

Baud, M. and Dobrev, V. 1997. Le verso des annales de la VIe dynastie: pierre de Saqqara-Sud. BIFAO 97: 35–42.Google Scholar

Bednarski, A., Ikram, S., and Dodson, A. (eds.) 2021. A History of World Egyptology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beinlich, H. 1984. Die ‘Osirisreliquien’: Zum Motiv der Körperzergliederung in der altägyptischen Religion. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Beit-Arieh, I. 2003. Archaeology of Sinai: The Ophir Expedition. Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology.Google Scholar

Bell, C. M. 1992. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bell, L. 1985. Luxor temple and the cult of the royal Ka. JNES 44 (4): 251–94.Google Scholar

Belting, H. 2001. Bild-Anthropologie: Entwürfe für eine Bildwissenschaft. Munich: Fink.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bender, B. 2006. Place and landscape. In Tilley, C., Keane, W., Küchler, S., Rowlands, M., and Spyer, P. (eds.), Handbook of Material Culture, 303–14. London: Sage.Google Scholar

Ben-Tor, D. 1998. The absolute date of the Montet jar scarabs. In Lesko, L. H. (ed.), Ancient Egyptian and Mediterranean Studies: In Memory of William A. Ward, 1–17. Providence: Brown University, Department of Egyptology.Google Scholar

Ben-Yosef, E. 2018. Mining for Ancient Copper: Essays in Memory of Beno Rothenberg. University Park: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar

Berger, P. L. and Luckmann, T. 1967. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar

Berger-el Naggar, C. 2004. Des Textes des Pyramides sur papyrus dans les archives du temple funéraire de Pépy Ier. In Bickel, S. and Mathieu, B. (eds.), D’un monde à l’autre: Textes des Pyramides & Textes des Sarcophages. Actes de la table ronde internationale, ‘Textes des Pyramides versus Textes des Sarcophages’, IFAO – 24–26 septembre 2001, 85–90. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Bernal, M. 2003. Afrocentrism and historical models for the foundation of ancient Greece. In O’Connor, D. and Reid, A. (eds.), Ancient Egypt in Africa, 23–9. London: UCL Press.Google Scholar

Bestock, L. 2018. Violence and Power in Ancient Egypt: Image and Ideology before the New Kingdom. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Bevan, A. 2007. Stone Vessels and Values in the Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bhabha, H. 1994. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Bickel, S. 2017. Everybody’s afterlife? ‘Pharaonisation’ in the Pyramid Texts. In Bickel and Díaz-Iglesias 2017: 119–48.Google Scholar

Bickel, S. 2019. Projection of self in Middle Kingdom tombs and coffins. In Nyord 2019a: 24–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bickel, S. and Díaz-Iglesias, L. (eds.) 2017. Studies in Ancient Egyptian Funerary Literature. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. 1966. Ausgrabungen in Sayala-Nubien 1961–1965: Denkmäler der C-Gruppe und der Pan-Gräber-Kultur. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. 1968. Studien zur Chronologie der nubischen C-Gruppe: Ein Beitrag zur Frühgeschichte Unternubiens zwischen 2200 und 1550 vor Chr. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. 1975. Tell el-Dab’a II: Der Fundort im Rahmen einer archäologisch-geographischen Untersuchung über das ägyptische Ostdelta. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. 1979. Urban archaeology and the ‘town problem’ in ancient Egypt. In Weeks, K. R. (ed.), Egyptology and the Social Sciences: Five Studies, 97–144. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. 1988. Zur Marine des Alten Reiches. In Baines, J., James, T. G. H., Leahy, A., and Shore, A. F. (eds.), Pyramid Studies and Other Essays Presented to I. E. S. Edwards, 35–40. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. 1996a. Avaris, the Capital of the Hyksos: Recent Excavations at Tell el-Dab’a. London: British Museum Press.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. (ed.) 1996b. Haus und Palast im Alten Ägypten / House and Palace in Ancient Egypt. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. 2003. Two ancient Near Eastern temples with bent axis in the Eastern Nile Delta. Ä&L 13: 13–38.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. 2010a. Houses, palaces and development of social structure in Avaris. In Bietak, Czerny, and Forstner-Müller 2010: 11–68.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. 2010b. From where came the Hyksos and where did they go? In Marée 2010: 139–81.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. 2017. Harbours and coastal military bases in Egypt in the second millennium b.c.: Avaris, Peru-nefer, Pi-Ramesse. In Willems, H. and Dahms, J.-M. (eds.), The Nile: Natural and Cultural Landscape in Egypt, 53–70. Bielefeld: Transcript.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bietak, M. 2018a. A Thutmosid palace precinct at Peru-nefer (Tell el-Dab’a). In Bietak and Prell 2018: 223–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bietak, M. 2018b. The many ethnicities in Avaris: evidence from the northern borderland of Egypt. In Budka and Auenmüller 2018: 79–98.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. and Czerny, E. (eds.) 2007. The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium b.c. III: Proceedings of the SCIEM 2000 – 2nd EuroConference, Vienna, 28th of May–1st of June 2003. Vienna: ÖAW.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bietak, M. and Lange, E. 2014. Tell Basta: the palace of the Middle Kingdom. Egyptian Archaeology 44: 4–7.Google Scholar

Bietak, M. and Prell, S. (eds.) 2018. Ancient Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Palaces, Volume I: Proceedings of the Conference on Palaces in Ancient Egypt, Held in London 12th–14th June 2013, Organised by the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the University of Würzburg and the Egypt Exploration Society. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Bietak, M., Czerny, E., and Forstner-Müller, I. (eds.) 2010. Cities and Urbanism in Ancient Egypt: Papers from a Workshop in November 2006 at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Vienna: ÖAW.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bietak, M., Dorner, J., and Jánosi, P. 2001. Ausgrabungen in dem Palastbezirk von Avaris: Vorbericht Tell el-Dab’a/‘Ezbet Helmi 1993–2000. Ä&L 11: 27–119.Google Scholar

Bietak, M., Forstner-Müller, I., Koppen, F., and Radner, K. 2009. Der Hyksos-Palast bei Tell el-Dab’a: zweite und dritte Grabungskampagne (Frühling 2008 und Frühling 2009). Ä&L 19: 91–119.Google Scholar

Billing, N. 2018. The Performative Structure: Ritualizing the Pyramid of Pepy I. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bisson de la Roque, F. and Clère, J. J. 1928. Rapport sur les fouilles de Médamoud (1927). Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Bisson de la Roque, F., Contenau, G., and Chapouthier, F. 1953. Le trésor de Tôd. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Blackman, W. S. 1927. The Fellāḥīn of Upper Egypt: Their Religious, Social and Industrial Life To-Day with Special References to Survivals from Ancient Times. London: Harrap.Google Scholar

Bloch, M. 1971. Placing the Dead: Tombs, Ancestral Villages, and Kinship Organization in Madagascar. London: Seminar Press.Google Scholar

Bloch, M. 1986. From Blessing to Violence: History and Ideology in the Circumcision Ritual of the Merina of Madagascar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bloch, M. and Parry, J. 1982. Death and the Regeneration of Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bloxam, E. 2010. Quarrying and mining (stone). In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Los Angeles. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bb918sdGoogle Scholar

Bloxam, E. and Storemyr, P. 2002. Old Kingdom basalt quarrying activities at Widan el-Faras, northern Faiyum desert. JEA 88: 23–36.Google Scholar

Blumenthal, E. 1980. Die Lehre für König Merikare. ZÄS 107: 5–41.Google Scholar

Blumenthal, E. 1982. Die Prophezeiung des Neferti. ZÄS 109: 1–27.Google Scholar

Blumenthal, E. 1985. Die Lehre des Königs Amenemhet (Teil II). ZÄS 112: 104–15.Google Scholar

Blumenthal, E. 1996. Die literarische Verarbeitung der Übergangszeit zwischen Altem und Mittlerem Reich. In Loprieno, A. (ed.), Ancient Egyptian Literature: History and Forms, 105–35. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar

Blumenthal, V. 2019. Das ägyptische Alte Reich: Diskussionen zur ‘Ereignisgeschichte’ der 3. bis 6. Dynastie. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Boessneck, J. 1988. Die Tierwelt des alten Ägypten untersucht anhand kulturgeschichtlicher und zoologischer Quellen. Munich: Beck.Google Scholar

Boivin, N. 2008. Material Cultures, Material Minds: The Impact of Things on Human Thought, Society, and Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bollig, M. 2009. Introduction: Visions of landscapes: an introduction. In Bollig, M. and Bubenzer, O. (eds.), African Landscapes: Interdisciplinary Approaches, 1–38. New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Bolshakov, A. O. 1991. The Old Kingdom representations of funeral procession. GM 121: 31–54.Google Scholar

Bonnet, C. 2014. La ville de Kerma: une capitale nubienne au sud de l’Egypte. Paris: Favre.Google Scholar

Bonnet, C. 2018. Kerma and Dokki Gel: evidence of impressive changes in the urban architecture at the beginning of the New Kingdom in Nubia. In Budka and Auenmüller 2018: 67–78.Google Scholar

Bonnet, C. 2019. The Black Kingdom of the Nile. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Borchardt, L. 1909. Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Nefer-ir-ke-Re. Leipzig: Hinrichs.Google Scholar

Borchardt, L. 1910–13. Das Grabdenkmal des Königs Ś³aḥu-Re^c, 3 vols. Leipzig: Hinrichs.Google Scholar

Borghouts, J. F. 1978. Ancient Egyptian Magical Texts: Translated. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boschung, D., Kreuz, P.-A., and Kienlin, T. L. (eds.) 2015. Biography of Objects: Aspekte eines kulturhistorischen Konzepts. Paderborn: Fink.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bourdieu, P. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bourriau, J. 1991. Relations between Egypt and Kerma during the Middle and New Kingdoms. In Davies, W. V. (ed.), Egypt and Africa: Nubia from Prehistory to Islam, 129–44. London: British Museum Press; Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar

Bourriau, J. 2000. The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650–1550 bc). In Shaw 2000: 185–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bourriau, J. 2001. Change of body position in Egyptian burials from the mid XIIth Dynasty until the early XVIIIth Dynasty. In Willems 2001a: 1–20.Google Scholar

Bourriau, J. and Quirke, S. 1998. The late Middle Kingdom ceramic repertoire in words and objects. In Quirke, S. (ed.), Lahun Studies, 60–83. Reigate: SIA.Google Scholar

Bowman, A. K. 2013. Agricultural production in Egypt. In Bowman, A. and Wilson, A. (eds.), The Roman Agricultural Economy: Organization, Investment, and Production, 219–53. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bowman, A. K. and Rogan, E. 1999. Agriculture in Egypt from Pharaonic to modern times. In Bowman, A. K. and Rogan, E. (eds.), Agriculture in Egypt: From Pharaonic to Modern Times, 1–32. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bradbury, J. and Scarre, C. (eds.) 2017. Engaging with the Dead: Exploring Changing Human Beliefs About Death, Mortality and the Human Body. Oxford: Oxbow Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

BreastedJr., J. H. 1948. Egyptian Servant Statues. Washington: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar

Bresciani, E. and Giammarusti, A. 2012. I templi di Medinet Madi nel Fayum. Pisa: Pisa University Press.Google Scholar

Breyer, F. 2010. Ägypten und Anatolien: Politische, kulturelle und sprachliche Kontakte zwischen dem Niltal und Kleinasien im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Breyer, F. 2016. Punt: die Suche nach dem ‘Gottesland’. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brisch, N. (ed.) 2008. Religion and Power: Divine Kingship in the Ancient World and Beyond. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.Google Scholar

Broodbank, C. 2000. An Island Archaeology of the Early Cyclades. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Broodbank, C. 2013. The Making of the Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean from the Beginning to the Emergence of the Classical World. London: Thames & Hudson;; New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Brovarski, E. 2001. The Senedjemib Complex I: The Mastabas of Senedjemib Inti (G 2370), Khnumenti (G 2374), and Senedjemib Mehi (G 2378), 2 vols. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts.Google Scholar

Brovarski, E. 2018. Naga ed-Dêr in the First Intermediate Period. Atlanta: Lockwood.Google Scholar

Brovarski, E. 2020. Tombs of non-royal women in the Old Kingdom. In Bárta, M., Ikram, S., Kamrin, J., Lehner, M., Megahed, M., and Enany, K. E. (eds.), Guardian of Ancient Egypt: Studies in Honor of Zahi Hawass, 273–94. Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts.Google Scholar

Brunton, G. 1927–30. Qau and Badari I–III, 3 vols. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt; Quaritch.Google Scholar

Brunton, G. and Engelbach, R. 1927. Gurob. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt; Quaritch.Google Scholar

Budka, J. 2019. Pottery of the Middle and the New Kingdom from Lower and Upper Nubia. In Raue 2019: 465–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Budka, J. and Auenmüller, J. (eds.) 2018. From Microcosm to Macrocosm: Individual Households and Cities in Ancient Egypt and Nubia. Leiden: Sidestone.Google Scholar

Bunbury, J. 2019. The Nile and Ancient Egypt: Changing Land- and Waterscapes, from the Neolithic to the Roman Era. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bunbury, J. and Jeffreys, D. 2011. Real and literary landscapes in ancient Egypt. CAJ 21 (1): 65–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bunbury, J., Graham, A., and Hunter, M. A. 2008. Stratigraphic landscape analysis: charting the Holocene movements of the Nile at Karnak through ancient Egyptian time. Geoarchaeology 23 (3): 351–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bunbury, J., Tavares, A., Pennington, B., and Gonçalves, P. 2017. Development of the Memphite floodplain: landscape and settlement symbiosis in the Egyptian capital zone. In Willems, H. and Dahms, J.-M. (eds.), The Nile: Natural and Cultural Landscape in Egypt, 71–96. Bielefeld: Transcript.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burkard, G. and Thissen, H. J. 2007. Einführung in die altägyptische Literaturgeschichte I: Altes und Mittleres Reich, 2nd ed. Münster: Lit.Google Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2004. Siedlungen im Kontext der Pyramiden des Alten Reiches. MDAIK 60: 17–39.Google Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2010a. Die Provinztempel Ägyptens von der 0. bis zur 11. Dynastie: Archäologie und Geschichte einer gesellschaftlichen Institution zwischen Residenz und Provinz. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2010b. Der Kult der Königsmutter Anches-Merire I. im Tempel des Chontamenti: zwei unpublizierte Türstürze der 6. Dynastie aus Abydos. SAK 39: 101–19.Google Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2011. Local traditions in early Egyptian temples. In Friedman, R. F. and Fiske, P. N. (eds.), Egypt at Its Origins 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference ‘Origin of the State: Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, London, 27th July–1st August 2008, 747–62. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2013. The social setting of the temple of Satet in the third millennium bc. In Raue, D., Seidlmayer, S. J., and Speiser, P. (eds.), The First Cataract of the Nile: One region – Diverse Perspectives, 21–34. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2014a. Locking and control: a door bolt sealing from Hierakonpolis. JARCE 50: 95–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2014b. Scaling the state: Egypt in the third millennium bc. Archaeology International 17: 79–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2014c. Urbanism and temple religion in Egypt: a comment on Hierakonpolis. JEA 100: 311–37.Google Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2015. Social anthropology and Egyptian archaeology. Oxford Handbooks Online. http://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2016. Great and little traditions in Egyptology. In Ullmann, M (ed.), 10. Ägyptologische Tempeltagung: ägyptische Tempel zwischen Normierung und Individualität. München, 29.–31. August 2014, 37–48. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2018. Die Pyramide von Zawyet Sultan: lokale Perspektiven. Sokar 36: 6–19.Google Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2019. Practice, meaning and intention: interpreting votive objects from ancient Egypt. In Staring, N., Weiss, L., and Twiston Davies, H. (eds.), Perspectives on Lived Religion: Practices – Transmission – Landscape, 73–84. Leiden: Sidestone.Google Scholar

Bussmann, R. 2021. The ka-chapel of Pepy I in Elephantine. In Bárta, M., Krejčí, J., and Nuzzolo, M. (eds.), The Rise and Development of the Solar Cult and Architecture in Ancient Egypt, 103–16. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Butzer, K. W. 1961. Archäologische Fundstellen Ober- und Mittelägyptens in ihrer geologischen Landschaft. MDAIK 17: 54–68.Google Scholar

Butzer, K. W. 1976. Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt: A Study in Cultural Ecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Butzer, K. W. 2002. Geoarchaeological implications of recent research in the Nile Delta. In Levy, T. E. and van den Brink, E. C. M. (eds.), Egypt and the Levant: Interrelations from the 4th through the Early 3rd Millennium bce, 83–97. London: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar

Butzer, K. W. 2008. Other perspectives on urbanism: beyond the disciplinary boundaries. In Marcus, J. and Sabloff, J. A. (eds.), The Ancient City: New Perspectives on Urbanism in the Old and New World, 77–92. Santa Fe: School for Advanced Research Press.Google Scholar

Butzer, K. W. 2014. Landscapes and environmental history of ancient Egypt: review and prospectus. MDAIK 70–1:59–80.Google Scholar

Callender, V. G. 2000. The Middle Kingdom renaissance (c. 2055–1650 bc). In Shaw 2000: 148–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Callender, V. G. 2011. In Hathor’s Image I: The Wives and Mothers of Egyptian Kings from Dynasties I–VI. Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts.Google Scholar

Calverley, A. M. and Broome, M. F. 1933. The Temple of King Sethos I at Abydos, Volume I: The Chapels of Osiris, Isis and Horus. London: Egypt Exploration Society;Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Candelora, D. 2017. Defining the Hyksos: a reevaluation of the title ḥḳᴈ ḫᴈswt and its implications for Hyksos identity. JARCE 53: 203–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carballo, D. M. 2016. Urbanization and Religion in Ancient Central Mexico. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carruthers, W. (ed.) 2015. Histories of Egyptology: Interdisciplinary Measures. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar

Castel, G. and Pantalacci, L. 2005. Balat VII: Les cimetières est et ouest du mastaba de Khentika – Oasis de Dakhla. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Castillos, J. J. 1998. Inequality in Egyptian Predynastic cemeteries. RdÉ 49: 25–36.Google Scholar

Champion, T. 2003. Beyond Egyptology: Egypt in 19th and 20th century archaeology and anthropology. In Ucko, P. and Champion, T. (eds.), The Wisdom of Egypt: Changing Visions Through the Ages, 161–85. London: UCL Press.Google Scholar

Chartier, R. 1988. Cultural History: Between Practices and Representations, trans. L. G. Cochrane. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Childe, V. G. 1936. Man Makes Himself. London: Watts & Co.Google Scholar

Childe, V. G. 1950. The urban revolution. Town Planning Review 21 (1): 3–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chłodnicki, M. 2014. Tell el-Farkha: the changes in spatial organisation of the settlement: from the Predynastic to the Early Dynastic periods. In Mączyńska 2014: 57–72.Google Scholar

Claessen, H. J. M. and Skalnik, P. 1978. The Early State. Berlin: De Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, D. L. 1968. Analytical Archaeology. London: Methuen.Google Scholar

Clayton, J., De Trafford, A., and Borda, M. 2008. A hieroglyphic inscription found at Jebel Uweinat mentioning Yam and Tekhebet. Sahara 19: 129–34.Google Scholar

Cline, E. H. (ed.) 2010. The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000–1000 bc). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Cohen, S. L. 2012. Synchronisms and significance: reevaluating interconnections between Middle Kingdom Egypt and the southern Levant. JAEI 4 (3): 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cohen, S. L. 2015. Interpretative uses and abuses of the Beni Hasan tomb painting. JNES 74 (1): 19–38.Google Scholar

Cohen, S. L. 2016. Peripheral Concerns: Urban Development in the Bronze Age Southern Levant. Sheffield: Equinox.Google Scholar

Colla, E. 2007. Conflicted Antiquities: Egyptology, Egyptomania, Egyptian Modernity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collier, M. and Quirke, S. 2002. The UCL Lahun Papyri: Letters. Oxford: Archaeopress.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collier, M. and Quirke, S. 2004. The UCL Lahun Papyri: Religious, Literary, Legal, Mathematical and Medical. Oxford: Archaeopress.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collier, M. and Quirke, S. 2006. The UCL Lahun Papyri: Accounts. Oxford: Archaeopress.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collombert, P. 2015. Une nouvelle version de l’autobiographie d’Ouni. In Legros, R. (ed.), Cinquante ans d’éternité: Jubilé de la Mission archéologique française de Saqqâra. Mission archéologique de Saqqarah V, 145–57. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Conkey, M. W. and Spector, J. 1984. Archaeology and the study of gender. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 7: 1–38.Google Scholar

Connor, S. 2018. Sculpture workshops: who, where and for whom? In Miniaci, Moreno García, Quirke, and Stauder 2018: 11–30.Google Scholar

Connor, S. 2020. Être et paraître: Statues royales et privées de la fin du Moyen Empire et de la Deuxième Période intermédiaire (1850–1550 av. J.-C.). London: Golden House.Google Scholar

Contardi, F. 2016. Fragmente des täglichen Kultrituals aus dem Mittleren Reich. In Pries 2016: 47–72.Google Scholar

Cooper, J. 2012. Reconsidering the location of Yam. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 48: 1–21.Google Scholar

Cooper, J. 2020. Egyptian among neighboring African languages. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology 1(1). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2fb8t2pz.Google Scholar

Coppens, F. and Vymazalová, H. 2010. Long live the king! Notes on the renewal of divine kingship in the temple. In Bareš, L., Coppens, F., and Smoláriková, K. (eds.), Egypt in Transition: Social and Religious Development of Egypt in the First Millennium bce. Proceedings of an International Conference, Prague, September 1–4, 2009, 73–102. Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts.Google Scholar

Cowgill, G. L. 2004. Origins and development of urbanism: archaeological perspectives. Annual Review of Anthropology 33 (1): 525–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cwiek, A. 2003. ‘Relief Decoration in the Royal Funerary Complexes of the Old Kingdom: Studies in the Development, Scene Content and Iconography’, PhD thesis (Warsaw University).Google Scholar

Czerny, E. 1999. Tell el-Dab’a IX: Eine Plansiedlung des frühen Mittleren Reiches. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Dalfes, H. N., Kukla, G., and Weiss, H. (eds.) 1997. Third Millennium bc Climate Change and Old World Collapse. Heidelberg: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Darnell, J. C. 2013. The Girga Road: Abu Ziyâr, Tundaba, and the integration of the southern oases into the Pharaonic state. In Förster and Riemer 2013: 221–63.Google Scholar

Darnell, J. C. and Manassa Darnell, C. 2016. Umm-Mawagir in Kharga Oasis: an industrial landscape of the Late Middle Kingdom/Second Intermediate Period. In Grajetzki, W. and Miniaci, G. (eds.), The World of Middle Kingdom Egypt (2000–1550 bc): Contributions on Archaeology, Art, Religion, and Written Sources. Volume II, 27–70. London: Golden House.Google Scholar

Daumas, F. and Épron, L. 1939. Le tombeau de Tî I: les approches de la chapelle. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

David, R. 1973. Religious Ritual at Abydos (c. 1300 bc). Warminster: Aris & Phillips.Google Scholar

David, R. 2017. Illness from afar: epidemics and their aftermath. In Wilkinson, R. H. and Creasman, P. P. (eds.), Pharaoh’s Land and Beyond: Ancient Egypt and Its Neighbors, 271–85, 328–31. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

David, B. and Thomas, J. 2008. Handbook of Landscape Archaeology. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press.Google Scholar

Davies, V. 2003. Sobeknakht of Elkab and the coming of Kush. Egyptian Archaeology 23: 3–6.Google Scholar

de Buck, A. 1935–1961. The Egyptian Coffin Texts I–VII. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

De Buck, A. 1961. The Egyptian Coffin Texts VII: Texts of Spells 787–1185. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

de Certeau, M. 1984. The Practice of Everyday Life, trans. S. Rendall. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Dee, M. 2013. A radiocarbon-based chronology for the Old Kingdom. In Shortland, A. J., Bronk Ramsey, C., Dee, M., and Brock, F. (eds.), Radiocarbon and the Chronologies of Ancient Egypt, 209–17. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar

De Garis Davies, N. 1903. The Rock Tombs of El Amarna I: The Tomb of Meryra. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.Google Scholar

De Garis Davies, N. 1908. The Rock Tombs of El Amarna VI: Tombs of Parennefer, Tutu, and Aÿ. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.Google Scholar

DeMarrais, E. 2014. Introduction: the archaeology of performance. WA 46 (2): 155–63.Google Scholar

de Morgan, J. (ed.) 1895. Fouilles à Dahchour: Mars–juin 1894. Vienne: Adolphe Holzhausen.Google Scholar

de Morgan, J. 1903. Fouilles à Dahchour en 1894–1895. Vienne: Adolphe Holzhausen.Google Scholar

de Polignac, F. 1995. Cults, Territory, and the Origins of the Greek City State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Der Manuelian, P. 2009. Mastabas of Nucleus Cemetery G2100 Part I: Major Mastabas G 2100–2220. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts.Google Scholar

de Souza, A. 2013. The Egyptianisation of the Pan-Grave culture: a new look at an old idea. The Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 24: 109–26.Google Scholar

Devlin, Z. L. and Graham, E.-J. (eds.) 2015. Death Embodied: Archaeological Approaches to the Treatment of the Corpse. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar

Díaz-Andreu, M. 2005. Gender identity. In Díaz-Andreu, M., Lucy, S., Babić, S., and Edwards, D. N. (eds.), The Archaeology of Identity: Approaches to Gender, Age, Status, Ethnicity and Religion, 13–42. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Díaz Hernández, R. A. 2014a. Zum altägyptischen Konzept des ‘Sammelns’ anhand der Tempelinventare des Alten Reichs (ca. 2700–2100 v. Chr.). Curiositas: Jahrbuch für Museologie und museale Quellenkunde 14–15: 27–58.Google Scholar

Díaz Hernández, R. A. 2014b. Der Ramesseumspapyrus E: Ein Ritualbuch für Bestattungen aus dem Mittleren Reich. Göttingen: Seminar für Ägyptologie und Koptologie, Universität Göttingen.Google Scholar

Diop, C. A. 1974. The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality, 1st ed. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books.Google Scholar

Di Teodoro, M. 2018. Labour Organisation in Middle Kingdom Egypt. London: Golden House.Google Scholar

Dodson, A. and Ikram, S. 2008. The Tomb in Ancient Egypt: Royal and Private Sepulchres from the Early Dynastic Period to the Romans. London: Thames & Hudson.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Donadoni Roveri, A. M. (ed.) 1987. Civiltà degli Egizi, 3 vols. Milano: Electa.Google Scholar

Donnat, S. 2019. The concept of ‘Letters to the Dead’ and Egyptian funerary culture. In Nyord 2019a: 46–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dorn, A. 2015. Elephantine XXXI: Kisten und Schreine im Festzug: Hinweise auf postume Kulte für hohe Beamte aus einem Depot von Kult- und anderen Gegenständen des ausgehenden 3. Jahrtausends v. Chr. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Dorner, J., König, H., and Bietak, M. 1975. Tell el-Dab’a II: Der Fundort im Rahmen einer archäologisch-geographischen Untersuchung über das ägyptische Ostdelta. Vienna: ÖAW.Google Scholar

Doxey, D. M. 2009. The nomarch as ruler: provincial necropoleis of the Old and Middle Kingdoms. In Gundlach, R. and Taylor, J. H. (eds.), Egyptian Royal Residences: 4. Symposium zur ägyptischen Königsideologie / 4th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology. London, June, 1st–5th 2004, 1–11. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Dreyer, G. 1986. Elephantine VIII: Der Tempel der Satet: Die Funde der Frühzeit und des Alten Reiches. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar

Dreyer, G. 1998. Umm el-Qaab I: Das prädynastische Königsgrab U-j und seine frühen Schriftzeugnisse. Mainz: Zabern.Google Scholar

Dreyer, G. and Jaritz, H. 1983. Die Arbeiterunterkünfte am Sadd-el-Kafara. In Garbrecht, G. and Bertram, H.-U. (eds.), Der Sadd-el-Kafara: Die älteste Talsperre der Welt (2600 v. Chr.), Braunschweig: Leichtweiss-Institut für Wasserbau der Technischen Universität Braunschweig.Google Scholar

Dreyer, G., Arnold, F., Budka, J., et al. 2008. Stadt und Tempel von Elephantine: 33./34./35. Grabungsbericht. MDAIK 64: 63–151.Google Scholar

Dubiel, U. 2008. Amulette, Siegel und Perlen: Studien zu Typologie und Tragesitte im Alten und Mittleren Reich. Freiburg: Academic Press; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.Google Scholar

Dubiel, U. 2012. ‘Dude looks like a lady … ’: der zurechtgemachte Mann. In Neunert, G., Gabler, K., and Verbovsek, A. (eds.), Sozialisationen: Individuum – Gruppe – Gesellschaft: Beiträge des ersten Münchner Arbeitskreises Junge Aegyptologie (MAJA 1), 3. bis 5.12.2010, 61–78. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Duby, G. 1974. Histoire sociale et idéologies des societés. In Le Goff, J. and Nora, P. (eds.), Faire de l’histoire 1: Nouveaux problèmes, 147–68. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar

Duell, P. 1938. The Mastaba of Mereruka: Part I, Chambers A 1–10; Part II, Chambers A 11–13, Doorjambs and Inscriptions of Chambers A 1–21, Tomb Chamber, Exterior, 2 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Dulíková, V. and Bárta, M. (eds.) 2020. Addressing the Dynamics of Change in Ancient Egypt: Complex Network Analysis. Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts.Google Scholar

Dumont, L. and Pocock, D. 1957a. For a sociology of India. Contributions to Indian Sociology 1: 7–22.Google Scholar

Dumont, L. and Pocock, D. 1957b. Village studies. Contributions to Indian Sociology 2: 23–41.Google Scholar

Dumont, L. and Pocock, D. 1959. On the different aspects or levels in Hinduism. Contributions to Indian Sociology 3: 40–54.Google Scholar

Durkheim, É. 2001. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, trans. C. Cosman. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Eddy, F. W. and Wendorf, F. 1999. An Archaeological Investigation of the Central Sinai, Egypt. Cairo: American Research Center in Egypt; Boulder: University Press of Colorado.Google Scholar

Edel, E., Seyfried, K.-J., and Vieler, G. 2008. Die Felsgräbernekropole der Qubbet el Hawa bei Assuan, I. Abteilung: Architektur, Darstellungen, Texte, archäologischer Befund und Funde der Gräber [QH 24 – QH 209]. Paderborn: Schöningh.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Edwards, D. N. 1996. Sorghum, beer and Kushite society. Norwegian Archaeological Review 29 (2): 65–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Edwards, D. N. 2004. The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Edwards, D. N. 2020. Early states and urban forms in the Middle Nile. In Sterry and Mattingly 2020: 359–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Edwards, D. N. 2021. Landscape archaeologies in Nubia and the Middle Nile. In Emberling and Williams 2021: 1071–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Effland, A. and Effland, U. 2010. ‘Ritual landscape’ und ‘sacred space’: Überlegungen zu Kultausrichtung und Prozessionsachsen in Abydos. MOSAIKjournal 1: 127–58.Google Scholar

Effland, A. and Effland, U. 2013. Abydos: Tor zur ägyptischen Unterwelt. Darmstadt: Zabern.Google Scholar

Effland, A. and Effland, U. 2017. Kultbild und Naos des Osiris vom ‘Gottesgrab’ in Abydos: ‘Und dann kam Osiris aus der Unterwelt …’. Sokar 34: 6–23.Google Scholar

Eigner, D. 2000. Tell Ibrahim Awad: divine residence from Dynasty 0 until Dynasty 11. Ä&L 10: 17–36.Google Scholar

El Awady, T. 2009. Abusir XVI: Sahure – The Pyramid Causeway: History and Decoration Program in the Old Kingdom. Prague: Charles University, Faculty of Arts.Google Scholar

El Daly, O. 2005. Egyptology: The Missing Millennium. Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings. London: UCL Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Elias, N. 1939a. Wandlungen des Verhaltens in den weltlichen Oberschichten des Abendlandes. Basel: Haus zum Falken.Google Scholar

Elias, N. 1939b. Wandlungen der Gesellschaft: Entwurf zu einer Theorie der Zivilisation. Basel: Haus zum Falken.Google Scholar

Elias, N. 1969. Die höfische Gesellschaft: Untersuchungen zur Soziologie des Königtums und der höfischen Aristokratie mit einer Einleitung: Soziologie und Geschichtswissenschaft. Neuwied: Luchterhand.Google Scholar

El Khadragy, M. 2008. The decoration of the rock-cut chapel of Khety II at Asyut. SAK 37: 219–41.Google Scholar

Emberling, G. 2014. Pastoral states: toward a comparative archaeology of early Kush. Origini: preistoria e protostoria delle civiltà antiche 36: 125–56.Google Scholar

Emberling, G. and Williams, B. B. (eds.) 2021. The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Emery, W. B. 1938. The Tomb of Hemaka. Cairo: Government Press.Google Scholar

Emery, W. B. 1954. Great Tombs of the First Dynasty II. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Emery, W. B. and Kirwan, L. P. 1935. The Excavations and Survey Between Wadi es-Sebua and Adindan 1929–1931. Cairo: Government Press.Google Scholar

Engel, E.-M. 2006. Die Entwicklung des Systems der ägyptischen Nomoi in der Frühzeit. MDAIK 62: 151–60.Google Scholar

Engel, E.-M. 2013. The organisation of a nascent state: Egypt until the beginning of the 4th Dynasty. In Moreno García 2013a: 19–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Engelbach, R. 1915. Riqqeh and Memphis VI. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt; Quaritch.Google Scholar

Engelbach, R. 1923. Harageh. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt; Quaritch.Google Scholar

Engelke, M. 2019. The anthropology of death revisited. Annual Review of Anthropology 48 (1): 29–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eriksen, T. H. 1995. Small Places, Large Issues: An Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar

Erman, A. 1885. Aegypten und aegyptisches Leben im Alterthum. Tübingen: Laupp’schen.Google Scholar

Eyre, C. J. 1987. Work and the organisation of work in the Old Kingdom. In Powell, M. A. (ed.), Labor in the Ancient Near East, 5–47. New Haven: American Oriental Society.Google Scholar

Eyre, C. J. 1994. Weni’s career and Old Kingdom historiography. In Eyre, C., Leahy, A., and Leahy, L. M. (eds.), The Unbroken Reed: Studies in the Culture and Heritage of Ancient Egypt in Honour of A. F. Shore, 107–24. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar

Eyre, C. J. 1998. The market women of Pharaonic Egypt. In Grimal, N. and Menu, B. (eds.), Le commerce en Égypte ancienne, 173–91. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Eyre, C. J. 1999. The village economy in Pharaonic Egypt. In Bowman, A. K. and Rogan, E. (eds.), Agriculture in Egypt: From Pharaonic to Modern Times, 33–60. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Eyre, C. J. 2009. On the inefficiency of bureaucracy. In Piacentini, P. and Orsenigo, C. (eds.), Egyptian Archives: Proceedings of the First Session of the International Congress Egyptian Archives / Egyptological Archives, Milano, September 9–10, 2008, 15–30. Milan: Cisalpino.Google Scholar

Eyre, C. J. 2011. Patronage, power, and corruption in pharaonic Egypt. International Journal of Public Administration 34: 701–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eyre, C. J. 2013a. The Use of Documents in Pharaonic Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eyre, C. J. 2013b. The practice of literature: the relationship between content, form, audience, and performance. In Enmarch, R. and Lepper, V. M. (eds.), Ancient Egyptian Literature: Theory and Practice, 101–42. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Ezzamel, M. 2004. Accounting and work organization in the Middle Kingdom, ancient Egypt. Organization 11 (4): 497–537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fakhry, A. 1959. The Bent Pyramid. Cairo: Government Printing Offices.Google Scholar

Fakhry, A. 1961a. The Valley Temple, Part I: The Temple Reliefs. Cairo: Government Printing Offices.Google Scholar

Fakhry, A. 1961b. The Valley Temple, Part II: The Finds. Cairo: Government Printing Offices.Google Scholar

Faltings, D. 1989. Die Keramik aus den Grabungen an der nördlichen Pyramide des Snofru in Dahschur. Arbeitsbericht über die Kampagnen 1983–1986. MDAIK 45: 133–53.Google Scholar

Faltings, D. 1998. Die Keramik der Lebensmittelproduktion im Alten Reich: Ikonographie und Archäologie eines Gebrauchsartikels. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag.Google Scholar

Fattovich, R. 1995. The Gash group: a complex society in the lowlands to the east of the Nile. Cahiers de Recherches de l’Institut de Papyrologie et d’Égyptologie de Lille 17 (1): 191–200.Google Scholar

Fattovich, R. 2012. Egypt’s trade with Punt: new discoveries on the Red Sea Coast. BMSAES 18: 1–59.Google Scholar

Faulkner, R. O. 2004. The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts. Oxford: Aris & Phillips.Google Scholar

Favry, N. 2004. Le nomarque sous le règne de Sésostris Ier. Paris: Presses de l’Université de Paris-Sorbonne.Google Scholar

Feinman, G. M. and Marcus, J. (eds.) 1998. Archaic States. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar

Feldman, M. H. 2006. Diplomacy by Design: Luxury Arts and an ‘International Style’ in the Ancient Near East, 1400–1200 bce. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Fiore Marochetti, E. 2010. The Reliefs of the Chapel of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep at Gebelein (CGT 7003/1–277). Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Firth, C. M. and Gunn, B. 1926. Teti Pyramid Cemeteries, 2 vols. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Fischer, H. G. 2000. Egyptian Women of the Old Kingdom and of the Heracleopolitan Period, 2nd revised and augmented ed. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar

Fitzenreiter, M. 1994. Zum Ahnenkult in Ägypten. GM 143: 51–72.Google Scholar

Fitzenreiter, M. 1995. Totenverehrung und soziale Repräsentation im thebanischen Beamtengrab der 18. Dynastie. SAK 22: 95–130.Google Scholar

Fitzenreiter, M. 2001. Grabdekoration und die Interpretation funerärer Rituale im Alten Reich. In Willems 2001a: 67–140.Google Scholar

Fitzenreiter, M. 2004a. Bemerkungen zur Beschreibung altägyptischer Religion: mit einer Definition und dem Versuch ihrer Anwendung. GM 202: 19–53.Google Scholar

Fitzenreiter, M. 2004b. Zur Präsentation von Geschlechterrollen in den Grabstatuen der Residenz im Alten Reich. In Lohwasser, A. (ed.), Geschlechterforschung in der Ägyptologie und Sudanarchäologie, 75–111. London: Golden House.Google Scholar

Fitzenreiter, M. 2006. Statue und Kult: Eine Studie der funerären Praxis an nichtköniglichen Grabanlagen der Residenz im Alten Reich, 2 vols. London: Golden House.Google Scholar

Fitzenreiter, M. 2009. Das Ereignis: Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Vorfall und Befund. Workshop vom 03.10. bis 05. 10.08. London: Golden House.Google Scholar

Fitzenreiter, M. 2020. ‘Die Unsterblichkeit ist nicht Jedermanns Sache’: Bemerkungen zum Tod und den Toten im pharaonischen Ägypten und ihrem Nach-(er)-Leben. In Verbovsek, A., Serova, D., Backes, B., and Götz, M. W. (eds.), (Un)Sterblichkeit: Schrift – Körper – Kult. Beiträge des neunten Berliner Arbeitskreises Junge Aegyptologie (BAJA 9), 30.11.–2.12.2018, 9–27. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Florès, J. 2021. Le papyrus Berlin P. 10500 A et B: présentation, contenus et problématiques. In Collombert, P. and Tallet, P. (eds.), Les archives administratives de l’Ancien Empire, 181–200. Leuven: Peeters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Förster, F. 2008. Preliminary report on the seal impressions found at site Chufu 01/01 in the Dakhla region (2002 campaign). GM 217: 17–25.Google Scholar

Förster, F. 2015. Der Abu Ballas-Weg: eine pharaonische Karawanenroute durch die Libysche Wüste. Bielefeld: Heinrich-Barth-Institut.Google Scholar

Förster, F. and Riemer, H. (eds.) 2013. Desert Road Archaeology in Ancient Egypt and Beyond. Cologne: Heinrich-Barth-Institut.Google Scholar

Forstner-Müller, I. 2011. Ritual activity in a palace of the 15th Dynasty (Hyksos) at Avaris. In Gundlach, R. and Spence, K. (eds.), Palace and Temple: Architecture – Decoration – Ritual. 5. Symposium zur ägyptischen Königsideologie / 5th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology. Cambridge, July, 16th–17th, 2007, 1–21. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Forstner-Müller, I. 2012. The urban landscape of Avaris in the Second Intermediate Period. In Matthews, R. and Curtis, J. (eds.), 7 ICAANE: Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 681–93. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Forstner-Müller, I. and Rose, P. 2012. Nubian pottery at Avaris in the Second Intermediate Period and the New Kingdom: some remarks. In Forstner-Müller, I. and Rose, P. (eds.), Nubian Pottery from Egyptian Cultural Contexts of the Middle and Early New Kingdom: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the Austrian Archaeological Institute at Cairo, 1–12 December 2010, 181–212. Vienna: ÖAI.Google Scholar

Foucault, M. 1971. L’ordre du discours: Leçon inaugurale au Collège de France prononcée le 2 décembre 1970. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar

Franke, D. 1983. Altägyptische Verwandschaftsbezeichnungen im Mittleren Reich. Hamburg: Borg.Google Scholar

Franke, D. 1984. Personendaten aus dem Mittleren Reich (20.–16. Jahrhundert v. Chr.): Dossiers 1–976. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Franke, D. 1990. Erste und Zweite Zwischenzeit: ein Vergleich. ZÄS 117: 119–29.Google Scholar

Franke, D. 1991. The career of Khnumhotep III of Beni Hasan and the so-called ‘decline of the nomarchs’. In Quirke, S. (ed.), Middle Kingdom Studies, 51–67. New Malden: SIA.Google Scholar

Franke, D. 1994. Das Heiligtum des Heqaib auf Elephantine: Geschichte eines Provinzheiligtums im Mittleren Reich. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag.Google Scholar

Franke, D. 1997. ‘Schöpfer, Schützer, Guter Hirte’: zum Königsbild des Mittleren Reiches. In Gundlach, R. and Raedler, C. (eds.), Selbstverständnis und Realität: Akten des Symposiums zur ägyptischen Königsideologie in Mainz 15.–17.6.1995, 175–209. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Franke, D. 1998. Kleiner Mann (nḏs) – was bist Du? GM 167: 33–48.Google Scholar

Franke, D. 2003. Middle Kingdom hymns and other sundry religious texts: an inventory. In Meyer, S. (ed.), Egypt – Temple of the Whole World / Ägypten – Tempel der gesammten Welt: Studies in Honour of Jan Assmann, 95–136. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Franke, D. 2006a. Arme und Geringe im Alten Reich Altägyptens: ‘Ich gab Speise dem Hungernden, Kleider dem Nackten. . .’ ZÄS 133: 104–20.Google Scholar

Franke, D. 2006b. Fürsorge und Patronat in der Ersten Zwischenzeit und im Mittleren Reich. SAK 34: 159–85.Google Scholar

Frankfort, H. 1948. Kingship and the Gods: A Study of Ancient Near Eastern Religion as the Integration of Society & Nature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Frazer, J. G. 1890. The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

Freed, R. E. 1984. The Development of Middle Kingdom Egyptian Relief Sculptural Schools of Late Dynasty XI with an Appendix on the Trends of Early Dynasty XII (2040–1878 b.c.). PhD diss., New York University. Published by University Microfilms International Dissertation Service.Google Scholar

Friedman, F. D. 1995. The underground relief panels of king Djoser at the Step Pyramid complex. JARCE 32: 1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Friedman, F. D. 2008. The Menkaure dyad(s). In Der Manuelian, P. and Thompson, S. E. (eds.), Egypt and Beyond: Essays Presented to Leonard H. Lesko Upon His Retirement from the Wilbour Chair of Egyptology at Brown University June 2005, 109–44. Providence: Brown University, Department of Egyptology.Google Scholar

Friedman, F. D. 2011a. Reading the Menkaure triads: part I. In Gundlach, R. and Spence, K. (eds.), Palace and Temple: Architecture – Decoration – Ritual. 5. Symposium zur ägyptischen Königsideologie / 5th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology. Cambridge, July, 16th–17th, 2007, 23–55. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Friedman, F. D. 2011b. Reading the Menkaure triads: part II (multi-directionality). In Strudwick, H. and Strudwick, N. (eds.), Old Kingdom, New Perspectives: Egyptian Art and Archaeology 2750–2150 bc, 93–114. Oxford: Oxbow Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Friedman, F. D. 2015a. Economic implications of the Menkaure triads. In Der Manuelian, P. and Schneider, T. (eds.), Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom: Perspectives on the Pyramid Age, 18–59. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Friedman, F. D. 2015b. The cultic relationship of the Menkaure triads to the small step pyramids. In Coppens, F., Janák, J., and Vymazalová, H. (eds.), Royal Versus Divine Authority: Acquisition, Legitimization and Renewal of Power, Prague, June 26–28, 2013. 7. Symposion zur ägyptischen Königsideologie / 7th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology, 95–107. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Friedman, R. 1996. The ceremonial centre at Hierakonpolis Locality HK29A. In Spencer, J. (ed.), Aspects of Early Egypt, 16–35. London: British Museum Press.Google Scholar

Friedman, R. 2009. Hierakonpolis Locality HK29A: the predynastic ceremonial center revisited. JARCE 45: 79–103.Google Scholar

Friedman, R. 2011. Hierakonpolis. In Teeter, E. (ed.), Before the Pyramids: The Origins of Egyptian Civilization, 33–44. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.Google Scholar

Friedman, R. and Bussmann, R. 2018. The Early Dynastic palace at Hierakonpolis. In Bietak and Prell 2018: 79–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Friedman, R. and Raue, D. 2007. New observations on the Fort at Hierakonpolis. In Hawass, Z. A. and Richards, J. (eds.), The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt: Essays in Honor of David B. O’Connor, 309–36. Cairo: Conseil Suprême des Antiquités de l’Egypte.Google Scholar

Frijhoff, W. T. M. 1998. Foucault reformed by Certeau: historical strategies of discipline and everyday tactics of appropriation. Arcadia 33 (1): 92–108.Google Scholar

Frood, E. 2010. Social structure and daily life: pharaonic. In Lloyd 2010: 469–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Frood, E. 2019. When statues speak about themselves. In Masson-Berghoff, A. (ed.), Statues in Context: Production, Meaning and (Re)uses, 3–20. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar

Fuller, D. Q. and Hildebrand, E. 2013. Domesticating plants in Africa. In Mitchell, P. and Lane, P. J. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology, 506–25. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Fustel de Coulanges, N. D. 1864. La cité antique: Étude sur le culte, le droit, les institutions de la Grèce et de Rome. Paris: Durand.Google Scholar

Gardiner, A. H. 1957. Egyptian Grammar Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, 3rd rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gardiner, A. H. 1959. The Royal Canon of Turin. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gardiner, A. H. and Sethe, K. 1928. Egyptian Letters to the Dead, Mainly from the Old and Middle Kingdoms. London: Egypt Exploration Society.Google Scholar

Gardiner, A. H., Petrie, F., and Brunton, G. 1927. Qau and Badari, 3 vols. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt; Quaritch.Google Scholar

Gardiner, A. H., Murray, M. A., Petrie, H., and Petrie, F. 1925. Tombs of the Courtiers and Oxyrhynkhos. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt; Quaritch.Google Scholar

Garstang, J. 1907. The Burial Customs of Ancient Egypt as Illustrated by Tombs of the Middle Kingdom: Being a Report of Excavations Made in the Necropolis of Beni Hassan During 1902–3–4. London: Constable.Google Scholar

Gasse, A. and Rondot, V. 2007. Les inscriptions de Séhel. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Gatto, M. C. 2011. Egypt and Nubia in the 5th–4th millennia bc: a view from the First Cataract and its surroundings. In Friedman, R. F. and Fiske, P. N. (eds.), Egypt at Its Origins 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference ‘Origin of the State: Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, London, 27th July–1st August 2008, 859–77. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar

Gauthier, H. and Legrain, G. (eds.) 1906. Statues et statuettes de rois et de particuliers de rois et de particuliers I, 4 vols. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Gautier, J. É. and Jéquier, G. 1902. Mémoire sur les fouilles de Licht. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Geertz, C. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Geertz, C. 1980. Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Geisen, C. 2018. A Commemoration Ritual for Senwosret I: P. BM EA 10610.1–5/P. Ramesseum B (Ramesseum Dramatic Papyrus). New Haven: Yale Egyptological Institute.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Geisen, C. (ed.) 2020a. Ritual Landscape and Performance: Proceedings of the International Conference on Ritual Landscape and Performance, Yale University, September 23–24, 2016. New Haven: Yale Egyptological Institute.Google Scholar

Geisen, C. 2020b. Karnak as the stage for a ritual in commemoration of Senwosret I. In Geisen 2020a: 47–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gell, A. 1998. Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

George, D. F., Kurchin, B., and Britt, K. M. 2019. ‘O brave new world: a look at identity and dissonance’. In: George, D. F. and Kurchin, B. (eds.), Archaeology of Identity and Dissonance: Contexts for a Brave New World, 1–18. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gestermann, L. 1987. Kontinuität und Wandel in Politik und Verwaltung des frühen Mittleren Reiches in Ägypten. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Gestermann, L. 1995. Der politische und kulturelle Wandel unter Sesostris III. – ein Entwurf. In Gestermann, L. and Sternberg-El Hotabi, H. (eds.), Per aspera ad astra: Wolfgang Schenkel zum neunundfünfzigsten Geburtstag, 31–50. Kassel: Selbstverlag.Google Scholar

Gestermann, L. 1997. Sesostris III.: König und Nomarch. In Gundlach, R. and Raedler, C. (eds.), Selbstverständnis und Realität: Akten des Symposiums zur ägyptischen Königsideologie in Mainz 15.–17.6.1995, 37–47. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Gestermann, L. 2008. Das Ritual des Dramatischen Ramesseumspapyrus. In Manisali, A. and Rothöhler, B. (eds.), Mythos & Ritual: Festschrift für Jan Assmann zum 70. Geburtstag, 27–52. Berlin: Lit.Google Scholar

Giddens, A. 1984. The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar

Giddy, L. L. 1987. Egyptian Oases: Baḥariya, Dakhla, Farafra and Kharga during Pharaonic Times. Warminster: Aris & Phillips.Google Scholar

Gillings, M. and Pollard, J. 2016. Landscape Archaeology. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Ginzburg, C. 1980. The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller, trans. J. and A. Tedeschi. London: Routledge; Kegan Paul.Google Scholar

Gnirs, A. M. 1996. Militär und Gesellschaft: Ein Beitrag zur Sozialgeschichte des Neuen Reiches. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag.Google Scholar

Gnirs, A. M. 2006. Das Motiv des Bürgerkriegs in Merikare und Neferti: zur Literatur der 18. Dynastie. In Behlmer, H., Moers, G., Demuß, K., and Widmaier, K. (eds.), jn.t ḏr.w: Festschrift für Friedrich Junge, 207–65. Göttingen: Seminar für Ägyptologie und Koptologie, Universität Göttingen.Google Scholar

Gnirs, A. M. 2009. In the king’s house: audiences and receptions at court. In Gundlach, R. and Taylor, J. H. (eds.), Egyptian Royal Residences: 4. Symposium zur ägyptischen Königsideologie / 4th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology. London, June, 1st–5th 2004, 13–43. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Gödecken, K. B. 1976. Eine Betrachtung der Inschriften des Meten im Rahmen der sozialen und rechtlichen Stellung von Privatleuten im ägyptischen Alten Reich. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Goebs, K. 2002. A functional approach to Egyptian myth and mythemes. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 2: 27–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goebs, K. 2008. Crowns in Egyptian Funerary Literature: Royalty, Rebirth, and Destruction. Oxford: Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum.Google Scholar

Goebs, K. 2011. King as god and god as king: colour, light and transformation in Egyptian ritual. In Gundlach, R. and Spence, K. (eds.), Palace and Temple: Architecture – Decoration – Ritual. 5. Symposium zur ägyptischen Königsideologie / 5th Symposium on Egyptian Royal Ideology. Cambridge, July, 16th–17th, 2007, 57–101. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Goedicke, H. 1957. Das Verhältnis zwischen königlichen und privaten Darstellungen im Alten Reich. MDAIK 15: 57–67.Google Scholar

Goedicke, H. 1967. Königliche Dokumente aus dem alten Reich. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar

Goedicke, H. 1970. Die privaten Rechtsinschriften aus dem Alten Reich. Vienna: Notring.Google Scholar

Goedicke, H. 1971. Re-Used Blocks from the Pyramid of Amenemhet I at Lisht. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar

Goedicke, H. 1989. The Pepi II decree from Dakhleh. BIFAO 89: 203–12.Google Scholar

Goedicke, H. 1998. Khu-u-Sobek’s fight in ‘Asia’. Ä&L 7: 33–7.Google Scholar

Goehring, J. E. 1993. The encroaching desert: literary production and ascetic space in early Christian Egypt. Journal of Early Christian Studies 1 (3): 281–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goldwasser, O. 2011. The advantage of cultural periphery: the invention of the alphabet in Sinai (circa 1840 b.c.e.). In Sela-Sheffy, R. and Toury, G. (eds.), Culture Contacts and the Making of Cultures: Papers in Homage to Itamar Even-Zohar, 255–321. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, Unit of Culture Research.Google Scholar

Goldwasser, O. 2012. The miners who invented the alphabet: a response to Christopher Rollston. JAEI 4 (3): 9–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gomaà, F. 1986. Die Besiedlung Ägyptens während des Mittleren Reiches I: Oberägypten und das Fayyūm. Wiesbaden: Reichert.Google Scholar

Gomaà, F. 1987. Die Besiedlung Ägyptens während des Mittleren Reiches II: Unterägypten und die angrenzenden Gebiete Wiesbaden: Reichert.Google Scholar

Goody, J. 1986. The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gosden, C. and Marshall, Y. 1999. The cultural biography of objects. WA 31 (2): 169–78.Google Scholar

Graeber, D. and Sahlins, M. 2017. On Kings. Chicago: HAU Books.Google Scholar

Graham, A. 2010. Islands in the Nile. In Bietak, Czerny, and Forstner-Müller 2010: 125–43.Google Scholar

Graham, A. 2015. Corporeal concerns: the role of the body in the transformation of Roman mortuary practices. In Devlin and Graham 2015: 41–62.Google Scholar

Graham, A., Boraik, M., and Gabolde, L. 2017. Karnak’s quaysides: evolution of the embankments from the Eighteenth Dynasty to the Graeco-Roman period. In Willems, H. and Dahms, J.-M. (eds.), The Nile: Natural and Cultural Landscape in Egypt, 97–144. Bielefeld: Transcript.Google Scholar

Grajetzki, W. 2000. Die höchsten Beamten der ägyptischen Zentralverwaltung zur Zeit des Mittleren Reiches: Prosoprographie, Titel und Titelreihen. Berlin: Achet.Google Scholar

Grajetzki, W. 2003. Burial Customs in Ancient Egypt: Life in Death for Rich and Poor. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar

Grajetzki, W. 2006. The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History, Archaeology and Society. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar

Grajetzki, W. 2009. Court Officials of the Egyptian Middle Kingdom. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar

Grajetzki, W. 2010. Class and society: position and possessions. In Wendrich 2010a: 180–99.Google Scholar

Grajetzki, W. 2013a. Late Middle Kingdom. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. Los Angeles. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3gk7274p.Google Scholar

Grajetzki, W. 2013b. Setting a state anew: the central administration from the end of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom. In Moreno García 2013a: 215–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grajetzki, W. 2020. The People of the Cobra Province in Egypt: A Local History, 4500 to 1500 bc. Oxford: Oxbow Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grandet, P. 1994. Le Papyrus Harris I (BM 9999), 2 vols. Cairo: IFAO.Google Scholar

Gratien, B. 1978. Les cultures Kerma: Essai de classification. Paris: Université Charles de Gaulle, Lille III.Google Scholar

Gratien, B. 2002. Le sceau et l’administration dans la Vallée du Nil: Villeneuve d’Ascq, 7–8 juillet 2000. Villeneuve-d’Ascq: Université Charles de Gaulle, Lille III.Google Scholar

Gratien, B. 2011. Les cultures Kerma: essai de classification, trente ans après. In Rondot, V. (ed.), La pioche et la plume: autour du Soudan, du Liban et de la Jordanie: hommages archéologiques à Patrice Lenoble, 225–36. Paris: Presses de l’Université de Paris-Sorbonne.Google Scholar

Gratien, B. 2014. Kerma north of the Third Cataract. In Anderson, J. R. and Welsby, D. A. (eds.), The Fourth Cataract and Beyond: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference for Nubian Studies, 95–101. Leuven: Peeters.Google Scholar