Abbo of Fleury, Passio S. Edmundi, ed. M. Winterbottom, Three Lives of English Saints (Toronto, 1972), 64–87

Acta Mechmeti Ⅰ. Saracenorum principis … genealogia successorum ejusdem ad modernum usque Mechmetem Ⅲ (Frankfurt, 1597)

Adémar of Chabannes, Chronicon, ed. P. Bourgain, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 129 (Turnhout, 1999), 15–189

Adomnán, De locis sanctis, ed. L. Bieler, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 175 (Turnhout 1965), 185–234; ed. and trans. D. Meehan, Adamnan's De Locis Sanctis, Scriptores Latini Hiberniae 3 (Dublin, 1958), 36–121; also trans. J. Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims Before the Crusades (Warminster, 1977), 93–116

Adso of Montier-en-Der, De ortu et tempore antichristi, ed. D. Verhelst, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 45 (Turnhout, 1976), 20–30

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Ælfric's Colloquy (London, 1939)

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, De falsis diis, ed. J. C. Pope, Homilies of Ælfric: A Supplementary Collection, Early English Text Society o.s. 259–60, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1967–8), Ⅱ, 676–712

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Grammar, ed. J. Zupitza, Ælfrics Grammatik und Glossar, Sammlung englischer Denkmäler 1 (Berlin, 1880), 1–296

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, The Decollation of John the Baptist, ed. P. A. M. Clemoes, Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: The First Series, Early English Text Society s.s. 17 (Oxford, 1997), 451–8

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Homily for the First Sunday after Easter, ed. P. A. M. Clemoes, Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: The First Series, Early English Text Society s.s. 17 (Oxford, 1997), 307–12

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Homily for Friday after the Fifth Sunday in Lent, ed. B. Assmann, Angelsächsische Homilien und Heiligenleben (Kassel, 1889; repr. with supplementary introduction by P. A. M. Clemoes, Darmstadt, 1964), 65–72

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, ‘Hwær beoð wyrta blostman?’ ed. P. A. M. Clemoes, Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: The First Series, Early English Text Society s.s. 17 (Oxford, 1997), 533–5

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Old English Judges, ed. S. J. Crawford, The Old English Version of the Heptateuch, Aelfric's Treatise on the Old and New Testament and his Preface to Genesis, Early English Text Society o.s. 160 (London, 1922), 401–17

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Old English Preface to Genesis, ed. S. J. Crawford, The Old English Version of the Heptateuch, Aelfric's Treatise on the Old and New Testament and his Preface to Genesis, Early English Text Society o.s. 160 (London, 1922), 76–7

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, The Passion of St Bartholomew the Apostle, ed. P. A. M. Clemoes, Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: The First Series, Early English Text Society s.s. 17 (Oxford, 1997), 439–50

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, The Passion of St Thomas the Apostle, ed. and trans. W. W. Skeat, Ælfric's Lives of the Saints: Being a Set of Sermons on Saints' Days Formerly Observed by the English Church, Early English Text Society 76, 82, 94 and 114 (London, 1881–1900; repr. as 2 vols., 1966), Ⅱ, 398–424

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, ‘Wyrdwriteras us secgað’, ed. J. C. Pope, Homilies of Ælfric: A Supplementary Collection, 2 vols., Early English Text Society o.s. 259–60 (Oxford, 1967), Ⅱ, 725–32

Æthelweard, Chronicon, ed. A. Campbell, The Chronicle of Æthelweard (London, 1962)

Aethicus Ister, Cosmographia, ed. O. Prinz, Die Kosmographie des Aethicus, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 14 (Munich, 1993)

Alcuin, Epistolae, ed. E. Dümmler, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Ep.car.aeu. 2 (Berlin, 1895), 1–481

Alcuin, Epistolae, ed. E. Dümmler, In Genesim, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 100, 516–66

The Alcoran of Mahomet, Translated out of Arabique into French … and Newly Englished, for the Satisfaction of All that Desire to Look into the Turkish Vanities (London, 1649)

Aldhelm, Carmen de uirginitate, ed. R. Ehwald, Aldhelmi opera, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919), 350–471; trans. J. L. Rosier in Aldhelm: The Poetic Works, trans. M. Lapidge and J. L. Rosier (Cambridge, 1985), 102–79

Aldhelm, Carmen de uirginitate, ed. R. Ehwald, Enigmata, ed. R. Ehwald, Aldhelmi opera, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919), 97–149; trans. M. Lapidge in Aldhelm: The Poetic Works, trans. M. Lapidge and J. L. Rosier (Cambridge, 1985), 70–94

Aldhelm, Carmen de uirginitate, ed. R. Ehwald, Epistolae, ed. R. Ehwald, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919), 475–503; trans. M. Herren in Aldhelm: The Prose Works, trans. M. Lapidge and M. Herren (Cambridge, 1979), 152–70

Aldhelm, Carmen de uirginitate, ed. R. Ehwald, De pedum regulis, ed. R. Ehwald, Aldhelmi opera, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919), 150–204; trans. N. Wright in Aldhelm: The Poetic Works, trans. M. Lapidge and J. L. Rosier (Cambridge, 1985), 212–19

Aldhelm, Carmen de uirginitate, ed. R. Ehwald, De uirginitate (prose), ed. R. Ehwald, Aldhelmi opera, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919), 226–323; trans. M. Lapidge in Aldhelm: The Prose Works, trans. M. Lapidge and M. Herren (Cambridge, 1979), 59–132

Aldred the Provost, ‘Nomina locorum in quo apostoli requiescunt’, ed. U. Lindelöf and A. H. Thompson, Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis: The Durham Collectar, Publications of the Surtees Society 140 (Durham, 1927), 195–7

Alvarus, , Indiculus Luminosus, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 121, 513–56

Ambrose, De Abraham, ed. K. Schenkl, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 32.1 (Vienna, 1897), 501–638

Ambrose, De Abraham, ed. K. Schenkl, Epistulae, 3 vols., ed. O. Faller, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 82.1 (Vienna, 1968) and M. Zelzer, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 82.2–3 (Vienna, 1982–90)

Ambrose, De Abraham, ed. K. Schenkl, Hexaemeron, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 32.1, ed. K. Shenkl (Vienna, 1897), 3–261

Ambrose, De Abraham, ed. K. Schenkl, De Ioseph, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 32.2, ed. K. Schenkl (Vienna, 1897), 73–122

Arnobius the Younger, Commentarii in psalmos, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 25, ed. K.-D. Daur (Turnhout, 1990)

von Arx, I., ed., Ex Adonis chronico, Scriptores 2 (Hanover, 1829), 315–23

von Arx, I., ed., Annales Sangallenses maiores, Scriptores 1 (Hanover, 1826), 72–85

von Arx, I., ed., Annales Wirziburgenses, Scriptores 2 (Hanover, 1829), 238–47

von Arx, I., ed., Annales Xantenses, Scriptores 2 (Hanover, 1829), 217–35

Asser, Life of King Alfred, ed. W. H. Stevenson (Oxford, 1904)

Assmann, B., ed., The Old English Life of Malchus, in his Angelsächsische Homilien und Heiligenleben (Kassel, 1889; repr. with supplementary introduction by P. A. M. Clemoes, Darmstadt, 1964), 199–207

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, 2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 47–8 (Turnhout, 1955)

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, Contra academicos, ed. W. M. Green, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 29 (Turnhout, 1970), 3–61

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, Enarrationes in psalmos, ed. E. Dekkers and J. Fraipont, 3 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 38–40 (Turnhout, 1956)

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, Epistulae, ed. A. Goldbacher, 5 vols., Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 34.1, 34.2, 44, 57 and 58 (Vienna, 1895–1923)

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, De haeresibus, ed. R. Vander Plaetse and C. Beukers, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 46 (Turnhout, 1969), 286–345

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, Quaestiones in Heptateuchum, ed. J. Fraipont, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 33 (Turnhout, 1958), 1–377

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, Tractatus in euangelium Ioannis, ed. R. Willems, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 36 (Turnhout, 1954)

Bald, Leechbook, ed. T. O. Cockayne, Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England, 3 vols. (London, 1864; repr. with new introduction by C. Singer, London, 1965), vol. Ⅱ

Bately, J. M., ed., The Old English Orosius, Early English Text Society s.s. 6 (Oxford, 1986)

Bede, In Cantica Canticorum allegorica expositio, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119B (Turnhout, 1983), 167–375

Bede, Commentarius in Ezram et Neemiam, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119A (Turnhout, 1969), 237–392

Bede, Commentarius in Genesim, ed. C. W. Jones, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 118A (Turnhout, 1967)

Bede, Commentarius in Habacuc, ed. J. E. Hudson, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119B (Turnhout, 1983), 381–409

Bede, Commentarius in primam partem Samuhelis, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119 (Turnhout, 1962), 5–272

Bede, Expositio actuum apostolorum, ed. M. L. W. Laistner, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 121 (Turnhout, 1983), 3–99

Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, ed. and trans. B. Colgrave and R. A. B. Mynors (Oxford, 1969)

Bede, Homiliae, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 122 (Turnhout, 1955), 407–38

Bede, In libros Regum quaestiones ⅹⅹⅹ, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119 (Turnhout, 1962), 289–322

Bede, De locis sanctis, ed. J. Fraipont, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 175 (Turnhout, 1965), 251–80

Bede, , Martyrologium, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 94, 799–1148

Bede, De natura rerum, ed. C. W. Jones, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 123A (Turnhout, 1975), 189–234

Bede, Nomina locorum ex beati Hieronimi presbiteri et Flaui Iosephi collecta opusculis, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119 (Turnhout, 1962), 273–87

Bede, Nomina regionum atque locorum de actibus apostolorum, ed. M. L. W. Laistner, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 121 (Turnhout, 1983), 167–78

Bede, De tabernaculo, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119A (Turnhout, 1969), 3–139

Bede, De templo, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119A (Turnhout, 1969), 143–234

Bede, De temporibus liber, ed. C. W. Jones, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 123C (Turnhout, 1980), 585–611

Bede, De temporum ratione, ed. C. W. Jones, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 123B (Turnhout, 1977), 263–460

(attrib. to Bede) De inuentione sanctae crucis, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 94, 494–5

Bedwell, W., trans., Mohammedis Imposture: That Is, A Discovery of the Manifold Forgeries, Falsehoods, and Horrible Impieties of the Blasphemous Seducer Mohammed (London, 1615)

Biblia Sacra iuxta uulgatam uersionem, ed. R. Weber et al., 2nd edn., 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1975)

Bischoff, B. and M. Lapidge, ed. and trans., Biblical Commentaries from the Canterbury School of Theodore and Hadrian, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 10 (Cambridge, 1994)

Blake, N. F., ed., The Phoenix (Manchester, 1964)

Bodden, M. C., ed. and trans., The Old English Finding of the True Cross (Cambridge, 1987)

Boniface, Epistolae, ed. M. Tangl, Die Briefe des heiligen Bonifatius und Lullus, Epistolae selectae 1 (Berlin, 1916); trans. E. Emerton, The Letters of St. Boniface (New York, 1940)

Burchard of Worms, Decretorum liber, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 140, 538–1058

Byrhtferth, Vita Sancti Oswaldi, ed. and trans. M. Lapidge, ‘The Life of St Oswald’, in D. Scragg, ed., The Battle of Maldon AD 991 (Oxford, 1991), 51–8

Cassian, Conlationes, ed. M. Petschenig, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 13 (Vienna, 1886)

Cassiodorus, Chronicon (Historia tripartita), ed. T. Mommsen, Auctores antiquissimi 11 (Berlin, 1894), 120–61

Cassiodorus, Expositio psalmorum, ed. M. Adriaen, 2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 97–8 (Turnhout, 1958)

Caxton, W., trans., St Jerome: Vitas Patrum (Westminster, 1495)

Cockayne, T. O., ed., Lacnunga, in his Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England, 3 vols. (London, 1864; repr. with new introduction by C. Singer, London, 1965), Ⅲ, 2–80

Colgrave, B. and R. A. B. Mynors, ed. and trans., ‘Epistola de obitu Bedae’, in Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Oxford, 1969), 580–7

Conder, J., An Analytical and Comparative View of All Religions Now Extant Among Mankind: With Their Internal Diversities of Creed and Profession (London, 1838)

Conder, J., ‘The Apocalypse: Ten Sonnets’, in his The Choir and Oratory: Or, Praise and Prayer (London, 1837), 73–82

Conner, P. W., ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: The Abingdon Chronicle, AD 956–1066, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, ed. D. Dumville and S. Keynes, 10 (Cambridge, 1996)

Consuetudines: Canonicorum regularium ordinis Arroasiensis constitutiones, ed. L. Milis, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 20 (Turnhout, 1970), 29–261

Corrêa, A., ed., The Durham Collectar, Henry Bradshaw Society 107 (London, 1992)

Crawford, S. J., ed., The Old English Version of the Heptateuch, Aelfric's Treatise on the Old and New Testament and his Preface to Genesis, Early English Text Society o.s. 160 (London, 1922)

Crawford, S. J., ed., Old English Notes on Genesis, in The Old English Version of the Heptateuch, Aelfric's Treatise on the Old and New Testament and his Preface to Genesis, Early English Text Society o.s. 160 (London, 1922), Appendix 1, 418–23

Cross, J. E. and T. D. Hill, eds., The Prose Solomon and Saturn and Adrian and Ritheus (Toronto, 1982)

Cubbin, G. P., ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: MS D, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, ed. D. Dumville and S. Keynes, 6 (Cambridge, 1996)

Duchesne, L., ed., Liber Pontificalis, 3 vols. (Paris, 1886); part. trans. R. Davis, The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis) (Liverpool, 1989)

Dümmler, E., ed., ‘Georgii episcopi Ostiensis epistola ad Hadrianum papam’, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae 4, Epistolae Carolini aeui. 2 (Berlin, 1895), 19–29

Fanshawe, Sir R., trans., the Lusiads by Luis Camões, in The Lusiads: In Sir Richard Fanshawe's Translation, ed. G. Bullough (London and Fontwell, 1963)

Folcuinus of Lobbes, Gesta abbatum Lobiensium, ed. G. H. Pertz, Scriptores 4 (Hanover, 1841), 54–74

Foxe, J., Acts and Monuments, 2 vols. (London, 1570)

Freculf, , Chronicon, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 106, 919–1258

Gordon, I. L., ed., The Seafarer (London, 1960)

Gradon, P. O. E., ed., Cynewulf's ‘Elene’ (London, 1977)

Gregory the Great, Epistolae, ed. P. Ewald and L. M. Hartmann, Registrum Epistolarum, 2 vols., Monumenta Germaniae Historica Epistolae 1–2 (Berlin, 1891)

Gregory the Great, Homiliae ⅱ in Canticum Canticorum, ed. P. Verbraken, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 144 (Turnhout, 1963), 3–46

Hanslik, R., ed., Historia ecclesiastica tripartita, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 71 (Vienna, 1952)

Haymo of Auxerre, Enarratio in duodecim prophetas minores, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 117, 9–294

Higden, R., Polychronicon, ed. C. Babington, with two English versions by John Trevisa and an anonymous translator, 9 vols., RS 41 (London, 1865–81)

Maurus, Hrabanus, Expositiones in Leuiticum, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 108, 247–586

Hygeburg, Vita Willibaldi episcopi Eichstetensis, ed. O. Holder-Egger, Scriptores 15 (Hanover 1887), 86–106; trans. C. H. Talbot, The Anglo-Saxon Missionaries in Germany (London, 1981), 153–77

Irving, E. B., The Old English Exodus, Yale Studies in English 122 (New Haven, 1953)

Isidore, Etymologiae, ed. W. M. Lindsay, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1911)

Jacob of Edessa, Scholia, ed. and trans. G. Phillips, Scholia on Passages of the Old Testament (London, 1864)

Jacobus de Voragine, Legenda aurea, ed. G. P. Maggioni, 2nd edn., 2 vols., Millenio medievale 6 (Tavarnuzze, 1998)

James of Vitry, Historiae Hierosolomytanae (Brussels, 1597)

Jerome, , Aduersus Iouinianum, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 23, 211–338

Jerome, Commentarii in Danielem, ed. F. Glorie, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 75A (Turnhout, 1964)

Jerome, , Commentarii in epistulas Paulinas, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 26, 307–618

Jerome, Commentarii in Ezechielem, ed. F. Glorie, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 75 (Turnhout, 1964)

Jerome, Commentarii in Isaiam, ed. M. Adriaen, 2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 73–73A (Turnhout, 1963)

Jerome, Commentarii in prophetas minores, ed. M. Adriaen, 2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 76–76A (Turnhout, 1969–70)

Jerome, Commentarius in Ecclesiasten, ed. M. Adriaen, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 72 (Turnhout, 1959), 250–361

Jerome, Commentarius in Hieremiam prophetam, ed. S. Reiter, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 74 (Turnhout, 1960)

Jerome, Epistulae, ed. I. Hilberg, 3 vols., Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 54–6 (Vienna, 1910–18)

Jerome, , Interpretatio chronicae Eusebii Pamphili, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 27, 34–676

Jerome, Liber interpretationis hebraicorum nominum, ed. P. Lagarde, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 72 (Turnhout, 1959), 59–161

Jerome, Liber quaestionum hebraicarum in Genesim, ed. P. Lagarde, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 72 (Turnhout, 1959), 1–56

Jerome, Tractatus in psalmos, ed. G. Morin, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 78 (Turnhout, 1958), 3–447

Jerome, Vita Malchi, ed. and trans. C. C. Mierow, Sancti Eusebii Vita Malchi Monachi Captiui, in Classical Essays Presented to J. A. Kleist, ed. R. E. Arnold (St Louis, 1946), 33–60

Jerome, , Vita S. Hilarionis, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 23, 29–54

Jerome, , Vita S. Pauli, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 23, 17–28

John of Damascus, De haeresibus, ed. P. B. Kotter, Die Schriften des Iohannes von Damaskos, 5 vols., Patristische Texte und Studien 7, 12, 17, 22 and 29 (Berlin, 1969–88) Ⅳ, 19–67; ed. and trans. D. Sahas, John of Damascus on Islam, pp. 132–41

John of Nikiu, Chronicle, trans. R. H. Charles, The Chronicle of John (c. 690 AD), Coptic Biship of Nikiu (London, 1916)

Klaeber, F., ed., Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg (3rd edn. Lexington, MA, 1950)

Kotzor, G., ed., Das altenglische Martyrologium, 2 vols., Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 88 ⅰ–ⅱ (Munich, 1981)

Krapp, G. P., ed., Genesis, in The Junius Manuscript, Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records 1 (Baltimore, 1931), 1–87

Krapp, G. P., ed., The Paris Psalter, in The Paris Psalter and the Meters of Boethius, Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records 5 (New York, 1932), 3–150

Leslie, R. F., ed., The Wanderer (Exeter, 1985)

Lind, L. R., ed., The Vita Sancti Malchi of Reginald of Canterbury: A Critical Edition, University of Illinois Studies in Language and Literature 27 (Urbana, 1942)

Lindelöf, U. and A. H. Thompson, eds., Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis: The Durham Collectar, Publications of the Surtees Society 140 (Durham, 1927)

Malone, K., ed., Widsith, Anglistica 13, rev. edn. (Copenhagen 1962)

Matthew Paris, Chronica maiora, ed. H. R. Luard, 7 vols., RS 57 (London, 1872–83)

Menner, R. J., ed., The Poetical Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn, MLA Monograph Series 13 (New York, 1941)

Migne, J. P., ed., Patrologia Latina, 221 vols. (Paris, 1844–64)

Morris, R., ed., The Blickling Homilies, Early English Text Society 58, 63 and 73 (repr. as one vol., Oxford, 1967)

Napier, A. S., ed., History of the Holy Rood-Tree: A Twelfth-Century Version of the Cross-Legend, Early English Text Society o.s. 103 (London, 1894)

Newton, T., A Notable Historie of the Saracens (London, 1575)

O'Brien O'Keeffe, K., ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: MS C, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, ed. D. Dumville and S. Keynes, 5 (Cambridge, 2001)

Ockley, S., The Conquest of Syria, Persia, and Egypt, by the Saracens (London, 1708); later published as vol. 1 of The History of the Saracens, 2 vols. (London, 1718)

Old English psalter-glosses (for the Old English metrical version of the psalms, see Krapp, ed., The Paris Psalter):

Old English psalter-glosses A: London, British Library, Cotton Vespasian A.i [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.7], ed. S. M. Kuhn, The Vespasian Psalter (Ann Arbor, MI, 1965)

Old English psalter-glosses B: Oxford, Bodleian Library, Junius 27 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.12], ed. E. Brenner, Der altenglische Junius-Psalter, Anglistische Forschungen 23 (Heidelberg, 1908)

Old English psalter-glosses C: Cambridge, University Library, Ff.1.23 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.1], ed. K. Wildhagen, Der Cambridger Psalter, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa 7 (Hamburg, 1910)

Old English psalter-glosses D: London, British Library, Royal 2.B.v [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.9], ed. F. Roeder, Der altenglische Regius-Psalter, Studien zur englischen Philologie 18 (Halle, 1904)

Old English psalter-glosses E: Cambridge, Trinity College R.17.1 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.3]; ed. F. Harsley, Eadwine's Canterbury Psalter, Early English Text Society o.s. 92 (London, 1889)

Old English psalter-glosses F: London, British Library, Stowe 2 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.10]; ed. A. C. Kimmens, The Stowe Psalter (Toronto and Buffalo, 1979)

Old English psalter-glosses G: London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius E.ⅹⅷ [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.8], ed. J. L. Rosier, The Vitellius Psalter, Cornell Studies in English 42 (Ithaca, NY, 1962)

Old English psalter-glosses J: London, British Library, Arundel 60 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.5]; ed. G. Oess, Der altenglische Arundel-Psalter, Anglistische Forschungen 30 (Heidelberg, 1910)

Old English psalter-glosses K: Salisbury, Cathedral Library, 150 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.13]; ed. C. and K. Sisam, The Salisbury Psalter, Early English Text Society o.s. 242 (Oxford, 1959)

Orchard, Andy, ed. and trans., Letter of Alexander to Aristotle, in Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf-Manuscript (Cambridge, 1995), 204–23 (Latin) and 224–53 (Old English and translation)

Orchard, Andy, ed. and trans., Liber monstrorum, in Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf-Manuscript (Cambridge, 1995), 254–317

Orchard, Andy, ed. and trans., Wonders of the East, in Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf-Manuscript (Cambridge, 1995), 175–81 (Latin) and 184–203 (Old English and translation)

Orderic Vitalis, Historia æcclesiastica, ed. and trans. M. Chibnall, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, 6 vols. (Oxford, 1969–80)

Orosius, Historiae aduersum paganos, ed. K. Zangemeister, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 5 (Vienna, 1882)

Paschal, Ⅱ, Pope, , Epistolae et priuilegia, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 163, 10–484

Paschasius Radbertus, Expositio in Matheum, ed. B. Paulus, 3 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 56–56B (Turnhout, 1984)

Paulus Diaconus, Pauli Historia Langobardorum, ed. G. Waitz (Hanover, 1878); trans. W. D. Foulke, History of the Lombards (Philadelphia 1907)

Peter the Deacon, Acta S. Placidi, ed. Bollandists, AASS October Ⅲ, 114–38

Pliny, Historia naturalis, ed. L. Ian and C. Mayhoff, C. Plini Secundi Naturalis Historiae Libri ⅩⅩⅩⅦ, 5 vols. (Leipzig, 1892–1909)

Prinz, O., ed., Reuelationes of pseudo-Methodius (second recension) ‘Eine frühe abendländische Aktualisierung der lateinischen Übersetzung des Pseudo-Methodius’, Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 41 (1985), 6–17

pseudo-Methodius, Reuelationes, see Sackur (first recension) and Prinz (second recension)

Qur'ān, trans. Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur'ān: Text, Translation and Commentary, new rev. edn. (Brentwood, 1989)

Raleigh, W., The Life and Death of Mahomet, the Conquest of Spaine, Together with the Rysing and Ruine of the Sarazen Empire (London, 1637)

Remigius of Auxerre, Expositio super Genesim, ed. B. V. N. Edwards, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 136 (Turnhout, 1999)

Ross, A., The History of the World: The Second Part, in 6 Books; Being a Continuation of the Famous History of Sir Walter Raleigh, Knight (London, 1652)

Rupert of Deutz, Commentaria in duodecim prophetas minores, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 168, 9–836

Sackur, E., ed., Reuelationes of pseudo-Methodius (first recension), Sibyllinische Texte und Forschungen: PseudoMethodius, Adso und die Tiburtinische Sibylle (Halle, 1898), 59–96

Scragg, D. G., ed., The Vercelli Homilies, Early English Text Society 300 (Oxford, 1992)

Sedulius Scottus, De rectoribus christianis, ed. S. Hellmann, Sedulius Scottus, Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters 1.1 (Munich, 1906), 19–91

Sigebert of Gembloux, Chronica, ed. L. Bethmann, Scriptores 6 (Hanover, 1844), 300–74

Stubbe, H., An Account of the Rise and Progress of Mahometanism: With the Life of Mahomet, ed. H. M. K. Shairani (Lahore, 1954)

Swanton, M., ed. and trans., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (London, 1996)

Taylor, S., ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: MS B, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, ed. D. Dumville and S. Keynes, 4 (Cambridge, 1983)

Trevisa, J., trans., Polychronicon, see Higden, Polychronicon

Urban, Ⅱ, Pope, , Sermones, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 151, 561–82

Vaughan, W., The Church Militant: Historically Continued From the Yeare of Our Saviours Incarnation 33 Untill this Present (London, 1640)

Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., ed. and trans., The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar and Its Continuations (London, 1960)

William of Tyre, Chronicon, ed. R. B. C. Huygens, H. E. Mayer and G. Rösch, 2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 63–63A (Brepols, 1986)

Wrenn, C. L. and W. F. Bolton, eds., Beowulf: With the Finnesburg Fragment, 5th edn. (Exeter, 1996)

Wulfstan, Sermo Lupi ad Anglos quando Dani maxime persecuti sunt eos, ed. D. Bethurum, The Homilies of Wulfstan (Oxford, 1957), no. 20 (pp. 261–75)

Abulafia, D., ‘Asia, Africa and the Trade of Medieval Europe’, in The Cambridge Economic History of Europe Ⅱ, ed. M. M. Postan and E. Miller, 2nd edn. (Cambridge, 1987), 402–73

Abulafia, D., ‘The Role of Trade in Muslim-Christian Contact During the Middle Ages’, in The Arab Influence in Medieval Europe, ed. D. A. Agius and R. Hitchcock (Ithaca, 1994), 1–24

Abulafia, D., ‘The Impact of the Orient: Economic Interactions between East and West in the Medieval Mediterranean’, in Across the Mediterranean Frontiers: Trade, Politics and Religion, 650–1450, International Medieval Research 1, ed. D. A. Agius and I. R. Netton (Turnhout, 1997), 1–40

Abstracta Islamica (1984–), in Revue des études islamiques

Adams, J. N. and Deegan, M., ‘Bald's Leechbook and the Physica Plinii’, Anglo-Saxon England 21 (1992), 87–114CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Adams, L., ‘Early Islamic pottery from Flaxengate, Lincoln’, Medieval Archaeology 23–4 (1979–80), 218–9Google Scholar

Alexander, P. J., The Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition, ed. D. de F. Abrahamse (Berkeley, 1985)

Alexander, P. J., ‘Byzantium and the Migration of Literary Works and Motifs: The Legend of the Last Roman Emperor’, no. Ⅻ in his Religious and Political History and Thought in the Byzantine Empire: Collected Essays of Paul J. Alexander (London, 1978)

Allan, J., ‘Offa's Imitation of an Arab Dinar’, Numismatic Chronicle 4th s. 14 (1914), 77–89Google Scholar

Allen, D. F., ‘Edward the Confessor's Gold Penny’, British Numismatic Journal 25 (1945–8), 259–76Google Scholar

Altaner, B., Patrology, tr. H. C. Graef (Freiburg, 1960)

d'Alverny, M. T., ‘Deux traductions latines du Coran au Moyen Age’, no. Ⅰ in her La connaissance de l'Islam dans l'Occident médiéval (Aldershot, 1994; reprinted articles)

d'Alverny, M. T., ‘Pierre le Vénérable et la légende de Mahomet’, no. Ⅲ in her La connaissance de l'Islam dans l'Occident médiéval (Aldershot, 1994; reprinted articles)

d'Alverny, M. T., ‘La connaissance de l'Islam en Occident du Ⅸe au milieu du Ⅻe siècle’, no. Ⅴ in her La connaissance de l'Islam dans l'Occident médiéval (Aldershot, 1994; reprinted articles)

d'Ancona, A., La Leggenda di Maometto in Occidente, 2nd ed. (Bologne, 1912)

Anderson, A., Alexander's Gate, Gog and Magog, and the Inclosed Nations (Cambridge, MA, 1932)

Anlezark, D. C., ‘The Old Testament Patriarchs in Anglo-Saxon England: Abraham and Noah’ (unpublished D.Phil thesis, Oxford, 1997)

Archibald, M. M., ‘The Coinage of Beonna in the Light of the Middle Harling Hoard’, British Numismatic Journal 55 (1985), 10–54Google Scholar

Ashtor, E., ‘Quelques observation d'un Orientalist sur la thèse de Pirenne’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 13 (1970), 166–94Google Scholar

Attridge, H. W. and R. A. Oden, Philo of Byblos: The Phoenician History, Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series 9 (Washington, 1981)

Bancourt, P., Les musulmans dans les chansons de geste du cycle du roi (Aix en Provence, 1982)

Banham, D. A. R., ‘The Knowledge and Uses of Food Plants in Anglo-Saxon England’ (unpublished PhD dissertation, Cambridge, 1990)

Bately, J. M., ‘The Relationship Between Geographical Information in the Old English Orosius and Latin Texts Other Than Orosius’, Anglo-Saxon England 1 (1972), 45–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Battiscombe, C. F., ed., The Relics of St Cuthbert (Oxford, 1956)

Beech, G., ‘England and Aquitaine in the Century before the Norman Conquest’, Anglo-Saxon England 19 (1990), 81–101CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berschin, W., Biographie und Epochenstil im lateinischen Mittelalter, 3 vols., Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters 8–10 (Stuttgart, 1986–1991)

Bischoff, B. and M. Lapidge, Biblical Commentaries from the Canterbury School of Theodore and Hadrian, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 10 (Cambridge, 1994)

Blackburn, M. A. S. and Bonser, M. J., ‘Single Finds of Anglo-Saxon and Norman Coins – 3’, British Numismatic Journal 56 (1986), 64–101Google Scholar

Blunt, C. E., ‘Four Italian Coins Imitating Anglo-Saxon Types’, British Numismatic Journal 25 (3rd s. 5) (1945–8), 282–5Google Scholar

Blunt, C. E., ‘A Gold Penny of Edward the Elder’, British Numismatic Journal 25 (3rd s. 5) (1945–8), 277–81Google Scholar

Blunt, C. E. ‘The Coinage of Offa’, in Anglo-Saxon Coins, ed. R. H. M. Dolley (London, 1961), 39–62

Blunt, C. E. ‘Anglo-Saxon Coins Found in Italy’, in Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memory of Michael Dolley, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn (Leicester, 1986), 159–69

Blunt, C. E. and Dolley, R. H. M., ‘The Anglo-Saxon Coins in the Vatican Library’, British Numismatic Journal 28 (1955–7), 449–58Google Scholar

Bobzin, H., ‘Latin Translations of the Koran: A Short Overview’, Der Islam 70 (1993), 193–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bodden, M. C., ed., The Old English Finding of the True Cross (Cambridge, 1987)

Bogaert, P.-M., ‘La Bible latine des origines au moyen âge: aperçu historique, état des questions’, Revue théologique de Louvain 19 (1988), 137–59 and 276–314CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bolin, S., ‘Mohammed, Charlemagne and Ruric’, Scandinavian Economic History Review 1 (1953), 5–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bonner, G., ‘Bede and Medieval Civilisation’, Anglo-Saxon England 2 (1973), 71–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bonner, G., D. Rollason and C. Stancliffe, ed., St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200 (Woodbridge, 1989)

Bosworth, C. E., The Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Handbook (Edinburgh, 1967)

Bowersock, Roman Arabia (Cambridge, MA and London, 1983)

Braekman, W., ‘Wyrdwriteras: An Unpublished Ælfrician Text in Manuscript Hatton 115’, Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire 44 (1966), 959–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Breckenridge, J. D., ‘The Two Sicilies’, in Islam and the Medieval West, ed. S. Ferber (Binghamton, 1975), 39–59

Breeze, A., ‘Old English ealfara, ‘Pack-Horse’: A Spanish-Arabic Loanword’, Notes and Queries 236 (n.s. 38) (1991), 15–7Google Scholar

Breeze, A., ‘The Transmission of Aldhelm's Writings in Early Medieval Spain’, Anglo-Saxon England 21 (1992), 5–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bridges, M., ‘Of Myths and Maps: The Anglo-Saxon Cosmographer's Europe’, in Writing and Culture, Swiss Papers in English Language and Literature 6, ed. B. Engler (Tübingen, 1992), 69–84

Brock, S. P., ‘Syriac Views of Emergent Islam’, Studies on the First Century of Islamic Society, ed. G. H. A. Joynboll, Papers on Islamic History 5 (Carbondale, 1982), 9–21 and 199–203; repr. as no. Ⅷ in his Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity (London, 1984; reprinted articles)

Brock, S. P., ‘The Syriac Background’, in Archbishop Theodore, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 11, ed. M. Lapidge (Cambridge, 1995), 30–53

Brooks, N. P. and J. A. Graham-Campbell, ‘Reflections on the Viking-Age Silver Hoard from Croydon, Surrey’, in Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memory of Michael Dolley, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn (Leicester, 1986), 91–110

Brown, G. H., Bede the Venerable (Boston, MA, 1987)

Brown, G. H., ‘Latin Writing and the Old English Vernacular’, in Schriftlichkeit im frühen Mittelalter, ScriptOralia 53, ed. U. Schaefer (Tübingen, 1993), 35–57

Brown, G. H., ‘The Dynamics of Literacy’, Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 77 (1995), 109–42Google Scholar

Brown, H., ‘An Islamic Dirhem’, in The Coins and Pottery from Hamwic, Southampton Finds 1, ed. P. Andrews (Southampton, 1988), 25–6

Bruce-Mitford, R., The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial Ⅲ: Late Roman and Byzantine Silver, Hanging Bowls, Drinking Vessels, Cauldrons and Other Containers, Textiles, the Lyre, Pottery Bottle and Other Items, ed. A. Care Evans, 2 vols. (London, 1983)

Burnett, C., ed., La transmission des textes philosophiques et scientifiques au Moyen Age (Aldershot, 1994)

Burnett, C., ed., Pensée médiévale en Occident: théologie, magie et autres textes des Ⅻe–ⅩⅢe siècles (Aldershot, 1995)

Burnett, C., The Introduction of Arabic Learning into England, The Panizzi Lectures 1996 (London, 1997)

Burnett, C., ‘Cultural Contacts Between Christans and Muslims in Northern Spain in the Middle Ages’, Bulletin of the Confraternity of Saint James 42 (1992), 22–5Google Scholar

Butterworth, C. E. and B. A. Kessel, ed., The Introduction of Arabic Philosophy into Europe (Leiden, 1994)

Cahen, C., ‘Note sur l'accueil des chrétiens d'Orient à l'Islam’, Revue de l'histoire des religions 166 (1964), 51–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cahen, C., ‘Quelques problèmes concernant l'expansion économique musulmane au haut moyen age’, Settimane di studio del centro Italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo 12 (1965), 391–432Google Scholar

Cahen, C., ‘Commercial Relations Between the Near East and Western Europe from the Ⅶth to the Ⅹth Century’, in Islam and the Medieval West: Aspects of Intercultural Relations, Papers Presented at the Ninth Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton 1, ed. K. I. Semaan (Albany, NY, 1980), 1–25

The Cambridge History of Islam, ed. P. M. Holt, A. K. S. Lambton and B. Lewis, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1970)

Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), A., ‘The Byzantine Reconquest of North Africa and the Impact of Greek Culture’, Graeco-Arabica 5 (1993), 153–65Google Scholar

Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), M. L., Anglo-Saxon Medicine (Cambridge and New York, 1993)

Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), M. L., ‘The Sources of Medical Knowledge in Anglo-Saxon England’, Anglo-Saxon England 11 (1982), 135–55Google Scholar

Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), M. L., ‘Bald's “Leechbook”: Its Sources and Their Use in Its Compilation’, Anglo-Saxon England 12 (1983), 153–82Google Scholar

Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), M. L., ‘Bald's Leechbook and Cultural Interactions in Anglo-Saxon England’, Anglo-Saxon England 19 (1990), 5–12Google Scholar

Campbell, M. The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing 400–1600 (Cornell, 1988)

Carlyon-Britton, P. W. P., ‘The Gold Mancus of Offa, King of Mercia’, British Numismatic Journal 1st s. 5 (1908), 55–72Google Scholar

Carrier, J. G., Occidentalism: Images of the West (Oxford, 1995)

Carver, M. O. H., ‘Pre-Viking Traffic in the North Sea’, in Maritime Celts, Frisians and Saxons, Council for British Archaeology Report 71, ed. S. McGrail (London, 1990), 117–25

Chejne, A., ‘The Role of al-Andalus in the Movement of Ideas Between Islam and the West’, in Islam and the Medieval West: Aspects of Intercultural Relations, Papers Presented at the Ninth Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton 1, ed. K. I. Semaan (Albany, NY, 1980), 110–33

Chibnall, M., The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, 6 vols. (Oxford, 1969–80)

Christides, V., ‘Raid and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Treatise by Muhammad bn. Umar, the faqih from Occupied Moslem Crete, and the Rhodian Sea Law, Two Parallel Texts’, Graeco-Arabica 5 (1993), 63–102Google Scholar

Clanchy, M. T., From Memory to Written Record: England 1066–1307 (London, 1979)

Clayton, M., ‘Hermits and the Contemplative Life in Anglo-Saxon England’, in Holy Men and Holy Women: Old English Prose Saints’ Lives and Their Contexts, ed. P. E. Szarmach, SUNY Series in Medieval Studies (Albany, NY, 1996), 147–75

Clemoes, P. A. M., ‘The Chronology of Ælfric's Works’, in The Anglo-Saxons: Studies in Some Aspects of Their History and Culture Presented to Bruce Dickins, ed. P. A. M. Clemoes (London, 1959), 212–47

Coin Register, 1994, ed. E. M. Besly and N. M. McQ. Holmes, British Numismatic Journal 64 (1994), 134–63

Coin Register, 1995, ed. E. M. Besly and N. M. McQ. Holmes, British Numismatic Journal 65 (1995), 227–51

Collins, R., ‘Spain: The Northern Kingdoms and the Basques, 711–910’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History Ⅱ, ed. R. McKitterick (Cambridge, 1995), 272–89

Conrad, L., ‘Epidemic Disease in Central Syria in the Late Sixth Century: Some New Insights from the Verse of Hassān ibn Thābit’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 18 (1994), 12–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Constantelos, D. J., ‘The Moslem Conquests of the Near East as Revealed in the Greek Sources of the Seventh and Eighth Centuries’, Byzantion 42 (1972), 325–57Google Scholar

Cook, M. A., Muhammad (Oxford, 1996)

Corrêa, A., ed., The Durham Collectar, Henry Bradshaw Society 107 (London, 1992)

Courbage, Y., and P. Fargues, Christians and Jews under Islam, tr. J. Mabro (London, 1997)

Crone, P., Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam (Oxford, 1984)

Crone, P. and M. Cook, Hagarism: the Making of the Islamic World (Cambridge, 1977)

Cross, J. E., ‘The Apostles in the Old English Martyrology’, Mediaevalia 5 (1979), 15–59Google Scholar

Cross, J. E., ‘On the Library of the Old English Martyrologist’, in Learning and Literature in Anglo-Saxon England: Studies Presented to Peter Clemoes on the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday, ed. M. Lapidge and H. Gneuss (Cambridge, 1985), 227–49

Courbages, Y., and P. Fargues, Christians and Jews under Islam (London, 1977)

Dallmayr, F. R., Beyond Orientalism: Essays on Cross-Cultural Encounter (Albany, NY, 1996)

Dalrymple, W., White Mughals: Love and Betrayal in Eighteenth-Century India (London, 2002)

Daniel, N., The Arabs and Mediaeval Europe, 2nd ed. (London, 1979)

Daniel, N., Heroes and Saracens: An interpretation of the chansons de geste (Edinburgh, 1984)

Daniel, N., Islam and the West: The Making of an Image, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1993)

Daniel, N., ‘The Impact of Islam on the Laity in Europe from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold’, in Islam: Past Influence and Present Challenge, ed. A. T. Welch and P. Cachia (Edinburgh, 1979), 105–25

Daniel, N., ‘The Critical Approach to Arab Society in the Middle Ages’, Annales Islamologiques 17 (1981), 31–52Google Scholar

Daniel, N., ‘Edward Said and the Orientalists’, Mélanges: Institut Dominicain d’Études Orientales du Caire 15 (1982), 211–21Google Scholar

Daniel, N., (rev. article of Rotter, Abendland und Sarazenen)al-Masāq 1 (1988), 39–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dekkers, E. and E. Gaar, Clavis Patrum Latinorum, 3rd ed. (Steenbrugge, 1995)

Delcor, M., ‘Le culte de la ‘Reine du Ciel’ selon Jer 7,18; 44, 17–19, 25 et ses survivances’, in Von Kanaan bis Kerala: Festschrift für Prof. Mag. Dr. Dr. J. P. M. van der Ploeg O. P. zur Vollendung des siebzigsten Lebensjahres am 4. Juli 1979, Alter Orient und altes Testament: Veröffentlichungen zur Kultur und Geschichte des alten Orients und des alten Testaments 211, ed. W. C. Delsman et al. (Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1982), 101–22

Dennett, D. C., Conversion and the Poll-Tax in Early Islam (Cambridge, MA, 1950)

Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, ed. K. van der Toorn, B. Becking and P. W. van der Horst (Leiden, New York and Cologne, 1995)

Dobbie, E. V. K., The Anglo-Saxon Minor Poems, Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records 6 (New York, 1942)

Dolley, R. H. M., ‘A Neglected but Vital Yorkshire Hoard’, British Numismatic Journal 28 (1955–7), 11–17Google Scholar

Dolley, R. H. M., ‘A Spanish Dirham found in England’, Numismatic Chronicle, 6th s. 17–18 (1957–8), 242–3Google Scholar

Dolley, R. H. M., ‘A Hoard of Anglo-Saxon Pennies from Sicily’, Numismatic Chronicle, 7th s. 1 (1961), 151–62Google Scholar

Dolley, R. H. M. and Shiel, N., ‘A Hitherto Unsuspected Oriental Element in the 1840 Cuerdale Hoard’, Numismatic Chronicle 142 (1982), 155–6Google Scholar

Donner, F. M., The Early Islamic Conquests (Princeton, 1991)

Ducellier, A., Le miroir de l'Islam: Musulmans et chrétiens d'Orient au moyen âge, 7e-11e siècles (Paris, 1971)

Duckworth, G. E., ‘Classical Echoes in St. Jerome's Life of Malchus’, The Classical Bulletin 24 (1947–8), 28–9Google Scholar

Duplessy, J., ‘La circulation des monnaies arabes en Europe occidentale du Ⅷe au ⅩⅢe siècle’, Revue Numismatique 5e s. 18 (1956), 101–163Google Scholar

Eastwood, B., ‘The Astronomies of Pliny, Martianus Capella and Isidore of Seville in the Carolingian World’, P. L. Butzer and D. Lohrmann, ed., Science in Western and Eastern Civilisation in Carolingian Times (Basel, 1993), 161–80

Edmonds, B. P., ‘Le portrait des Sarrasins dans la “Chanson de Roland”’, The French Review 44 (1971), 870–80Google Scholar

Edwards, A. S. G., ‘The Influence and Audience of the Polychronicon: Some Observations’, Proceedings of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society 17 (1980), 113–9Google Scholar

Ellmers, D., ‘The Frisian Monopoly of Coastal Transport in the Sixth to Eighth Centuries’, in Maritime Celts, Frisians and Saxons, Council for British Archaeology Report 71, ed. S. McGrail (London, 1990), 91–2

Encyclopedia of Islam, ed. M. T. Houtsma et al., 4 vols. and supplement (Leiden and London, 1913–38)

Encyclopedia of Islam, ed. H. A. R. Gibb et al., 2nd ed., 11 vols. and supplements (Leiden and London, 1960–)

Erdmann, C., The Origin of the Idea of Crusade, tr. M. W. Baldwin and W. Goffart (Princeton, NJ, 1977)

Erzgräber, W., ‘The Beginnings of a Written Literature in Old English Times’, in The Living Middle Ages: Studies in Mediaeval English Literature and Its Traditions: A Festschrift for Karl Heinz Göller, ed. U. Böker, M. Markus and R. Schöwerling (Stuttgart, 1989), 25–43

Evans, A. C., The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial (London, 1986)

d'Evelyn, C., ‘The Middle-English Metrical Version of the Revelations of Methodius; With a Study of the Influence of Methodius in Middle-English Writings, Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 33 (1918), 135–203CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fahd, T., Le pantheon de l'Arabie centrale à la veille de l'Hégire (Paris, 1968)

Fahmy, A. M., Muslim Sea-Power in the Eastern Mediterranean, from the Seventh to the Tenth Century A. D. (London, 1950)

Farrell, R. T., ‘The Archer and Associated Figures on the Ruthwell Cross – A Reconsideration’, in Bede and Anglo-Saxon England: Papers in Honour of the 1300th Anniversary of the Birth of Bede, Given at Cornell University in 1973 and 1974, British Archaeological Reports 46, ed. R. T. Farrell (Oxford, 1978), 96–117

Fattal, A., Le statut légal des non-musulmans en pays d'Islam, Recherches publiées sous la direction de l'Institut des lettres Orientales de Beyrouth 10 (Beirut, 1958)

Fletcher, R., The Conversion of Europe: From Paganism to Christianity, 371–1386 AD (London, 1997)

Flori, J., ‘La caricature de l'Islam dans l'Occident mediéval: Origine et signification de quelques stéréotypes concernant l'Islam’, Aevum 66 (1992), 245–56Google Scholar

Fohrer, G., trans. D. E. Green, History of Israelite Religion (London, 1973)

Fontaine, J. and C. Pietri, Le monde latin antique et la Bible (Paris, 1985)

Forsyth, N., The Old Enemy: Satan and the Combat Myth (Princeton, NJ, 1987)

Frank, D., ed., The Jews of Medieval Islam: Community, Society and Identity: Proceedings of an International Conference Held by the Institute of Jewish Studies, UCL, 1992, Études sur le judaisme mediéval 16 (New York, 1995)

Frank, R. and A. Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), ed., A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (Toronto and Buffalo, 1973)

Frantzen, A. J. Desire for Origins: New Language, Old English, and Teaching the Tradition (New Brunswick and London, 1990)

Fuchs, R. and D. Oltrogge, ‘Colour Material and Painting Technique in the Book of Kells’, in The Book of Kells: Proceedings of a Conference at Trinity College, Dublin, 6–9 September 1992, ed. F. O'Mahoney (Cambridge, 1994), 133–71

Gabrieli, F., A Short History of the Arabs, tr. S. Attanasio (London, 1965)

Gabrieli, F., Muhammad and the Conquests of Islam, tr. V. Luling and R. Linell (London, 1968)

Gameson, R., The Manuscripts of Early Norman England ( c . 1066–1130) (Oxford, 1999)

Gervers, M. and R. J. Bikhazi, ed., Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Christian Communities in Islamic Lands, Eighth to Eighteenth Centuries, Papers in Mediaeval Studies 9 (Toronto, 1990)

Gilchrist, J. T., ‘The Erdmann Thesis and the Canon Law, 1083–1141’, in Crusade and Settlement: Papers Read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades in the Latin East, ed. P. W. Edbury (Cardiff, 1985), 37–45

Gliksberg, M., ed., Current Contents of Periodicals on the Middle East (Tel Aviv, 1981–)

Gneuss, H., Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100 (Arizona, 2001)

Goffart, W., The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (Princeton, NJ, 1988)

Goody, J., The Interface Betwen the Written and the Oral (Cambridge, 1987)

Graham, W. A., Beyond the Written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion (Cambridge, 1987)

Granger-Taylor, H., ‘The Inscription on the Nature Goddess Silk’, in St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200, ed. G. Bonner, D. Rollason and C. Stancliffe (Woodbridge, 1989), 339–41

Granger-Taylor, H., ‘The Weft-Patterned Silks and Their Braid: The Remains of an Anglo-Saxon Dalmatic of c. 800?’, in St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200, ed. G. Bonner, D. Rollason and C. Stancliffe (Woodbridge, 1989), 303–27

Green, D. H., Medieval Listening and Reading: The Primary Reception of German Literature 800–1300 (Cambridge, 1994)

Gregoire, H., ‘Des dieux Cahu, Baratron, Tervagant et maint autres dieux non moins extravagants’, Annuaire de Philologie et d'Histoire Orientale et Slave 7 (1939–40), 451–72Google Scholar

Gretsch, M., The Intellectual Foundations of the English Benedictine Reform, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 25 (Cambridge, 1999)

Gribomont, J., ‘Les plus anciennes traductions latines’, in Le monde latin antique et la Bible, ed. J. Fontaine and C. Pietri (Paris, 1985), 43–65

Grierson, P., ‘Commerce in the Dark Ages: a Critique of the Evidence’, no. Ⅱ in his Dark Age Numismatics: Selected Studies by Philip Grierson, (London, 1979)

von Grunebaum, G. E., Medieval Islam: A Study in Cultural Orientation (Chicago, 1953)

Guillaume, A., The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah (Karachi, 1987)

Hamidullah, M., ‘Nouveaux documents sur les rapports de l'Europe avec l'Orient musulman au moyen âge’, Arabica 6 (1959), 281–98Google Scholar

Haskins, C. H., Studies in the History of Medieval Science, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, MA, 1927; republ. New York, 1960)

Hempel, W., ‘A Catalogue of Near Eastern Venus-Deities’, Syro-Mesopotamian Studies 4 (1982), 9–22Google Scholar

Herzfeld, G., ed., An Old English Martyrology, Early English Text Society 116 (London, 1900)

Higgins, C., ‘Some New Thoughts on the Nature Goddess Silk’, in St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200, ed. G. Bonner, D. Rollason and C. Stancliffe (Woodbridge, 1989), 329–37

Hill, J., ed., Old English Minor Heroic Poems, Durham and St Andrews Medieval Texts 4 (Durham, 1983)

Hill, R. M., ‘The Christian View of the Muslims at the Time of the First Crusade’, in The Eastern Mediterranean Lands in the Period of the Crusades, ed. P. M. Holt (Warminster, 1977), 1–8

Hill, T. D., ‘Some Remarks on “The Site of Lucifer's Throne”’, Anglia 87 (1969), 303–11Google Scholar

Hillgarth, J. N., ‘Ireland and Spain in the Seventh Century’, Peritia 3 (1984), 1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar

An Historical Atlas of Islam, W. C. Brice (Leiden, 1981)

Hitti, P. K., History of Syria (London, 1951)

Hodgson, M. G. S., The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilisation, 3 vols. (Chicago and London, 1974)

Hommel, F., Ethnologie und Geographie des alten Orients, Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaften 3, 1, Ⅰ (Munich, 1926)

Hovén, B. E., ‘On Oriental Coins in Scandinavia’, in Viking-Age Coinage in the Northern Lands: The Sixth Oxford Symposium on Coinage and Monetary History, 2 vols., BAR International Series 122, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn and D. M. Metcalf (Oxford, 1981), Ⅰ, 119–28

Hoyland, R., Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam, Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam 13 (Princeton, NJ, 1997)

Hugget, J. W., ‘Imported Grave Goods and the Early Anglo-Saxon Economy’, Medieval Archaeology 32 (1988), 63–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huisman, R., ‘Subjectivity/Orality: How Relevant Are Modern Literary Theories to the Study of Old English Poetry? What Light Can the Study of Old English Poetry Cast on Modern Literary Theory?’ in The Preservation and Transmission of Anglo-Saxon Culture: Selected Papers from the 1991 Meeting of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists, Studies in Medieval Culture 40, ed. P. E. Szarmach and J. T. Rosenthal (Kalamazoo, MI, 1997), 313–31

Humphreys, R. S., Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry (Princeton, NJ, 1991)

Hunt, E. D., Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Later Roman Empire AD 312–460 (Oxford, 1982)

Hunter Blair, P., The World of Bede (Cambridge, 1970)

Hurst, T. D., ‘The Epistle-Treatise: An Apologetic Vehicle: Letter 34 of Timothy Ⅰ’, in Ⅳ Symposium Syriacum 1984: Literary Genres in Syriac Literature, Orientalia Christiana Analecta 229, ed. H. J. W. Drijvers et al. (Rome, 1987), 367–82

Hussain, A., R. Olson and J. Qureshi, ed., Orientalism, Islam, and Islamists (Vermont, 1984)

Index Islamicus 1906–1955, ed. J. D. Pearson (with supplements for 1956–60, 1961–65, 1966–1970; annual supplements for 1971–75; published quarterly since 1977)

The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed. G. A. Buttrick et al. (New York and Nashville, 1962)

Irvine, M., The Making of Textual Culture: ‘Grammatica’ and Literary Theory, 350–1100 (Cambridge, 1994)

Jenkins, R. J. H., ‘Leo Choerosphactes and the Saracen Vizier’, no. Ⅺ in his Studies on the Byzantine History of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (London, 1970; reprinted articles)

Jenkins, R. J. H., ‘The Date of Leo Ⅵ's Cretan Expedition’, no. ⅩⅣ in his Studies on the Byzantine History of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (London, 1970; reprinted articles)

Jenkins, R. J. H., ‘The Emperor Alexander and the Saracen Prisoners’, no. ⅩⅤ in his Studies on the Byzantine History of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (London, 1970; reprinted articles)

Jenkins, R. J. H., ‘The Mission of St Demetrianus of Cyprus to Baghdad’, no. ⅩⅥ in his Studies on the Byzantine History of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (London, 1970; reprinted articles)

Jenkins, R. J. H., ‘Cyprus Between Byzantium and Islam, A.D. 688–965’, no. ⅩⅩⅡ in his Studies on the Byzantine History of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (London, 1970; reprinted articles)

Jones, C. M., ‘The Conventional Saracen of the Songs of Geste’, Speculum 17 (1942), 201–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Juel-Jensen, B. and Munro-Hay, S., ‘Further Examples of Coins of Offa Inspired by Aksumite Designs’, Numismatic Circular 102 (1994), 256–7Google Scholar

Jung, L., Fallen Angels in Jewish, Christian and Mohammedan Literature (Philadelphia, 1926)

Kaegi, W. E., Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (Cambridge, 1992)

Kaegi, W. E., ‘Initial Byzantine Reactions to the Arab Conquest’, Church History 38 (1969), 139–49, repr. in his Army, Society and Religion in Byzantium (London, 1982), no. ⅩⅢCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kaegi, W. E., ‘Byzantine Egypt During the Arab Invasions of Palestine and Syria: Some Observations’, American Research Centre in Egypt Newsletter 21 (1983), 11–15Google Scholar

Kamesar, A., Jerome, Greek Scholarship, and the Hebrew Bible (Oxford, 1993)

Kedar, B. Z., Crusade and Mission: European Approaches Toward the Muslims (Princeton, NJ, 1984)

Kedar, B. Z., ‘De Iudeis et Sarracenis: On the Categorization of Muslims in Medieval Canon Law’, Studia in honorem eminentissimi cardinalis Alphonsi M. Stickler, Studia et textus historiae iuris canonici 7, ed. R. J. Castillo Lara (Rome, 1992), 207–13

Kelly, J. N. D., Jerome: His Life, Writings, and Controversies (London, 1975)

Kelly, K. A., ‘“Blue” Indians, Ethiopians, and Saracens in Middle English Narrative Texts’, Parergon n.s. 11 (1993), 35–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kelly, S., ‘Anglo-Saxon Lay Society and the Written Word’, in The Uses of Literacy in Early Medieval Europe, ed. R. McKitterick (Cambridge, 1990), 36–62

Kennedy, H., ‘Arab Settlement on the Byzantine Frontier in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries’ Yayla 2 (1979), 22–4Google Scholar

Kennedy, H., ‘Byzantine-Arab Diplomacy in the Near East from the Islamic Conquests to the Mid Eleventh Century’, in Byzantine Diplomacy: Papers from the 24th Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Cambridge, 1990, ed. J. Shepard and S. Franklin (Aldershot, 1992), 133–43

Kennedy, H., ‘The Muslims in Europe’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History Ⅱ, ed. R. McKitterick (Cambridge, 1995), 249–71

Kenny, M., ‘An Early Tenth Century Samanid Half Dirham from Millockstown, Co. Louth’, Numismatic Circular 102 (1994), 156Google Scholar

Kent, J. P. C., ‘A South Italian Imitation of an Anglo-Saxon Penny’, British Numismatic Journal 28 (1955–7), 649Google Scholar

Keynes, S. and M. Lapidge, trans., Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources (Harmondsworth, 1983)

Khoury, A.-T., Les théologiens byzantins et l'Islam: textes et auteurs Ⅶe-ⅩⅢesiècles (Paris, 1969)

Kimmens, A. C., ed., The Stowe Psalter (Toronto and Buffalo, 1979)

Kirby, D. P., ‘Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum: Its Contemporary Setting’, in Bede and His World: The Jarrow Lectures, ed. M. Lapidge, 2 vols. (Aldershot, 1994), Ⅱ, 903–926

Koutrakou, N. A., ‘The Image of the Arabs in Middle Byzantine Politics: A Study in the Enemy Principle (8th to 10th Centuries)’, Graeco-Arabica 5 (1993), 211–24Google Scholar

Kyrris, C. P., ‘The Nature of the Arab-Byzantine Relations in Cyprus from the Middle of the Seventh to the Middle of the Tenth Century AD’, Graeco-Arabica 3 (1984), 149–75Google Scholar

Laistner, M. L. W., Thought and Letters in Western Europe, AD 500–900, rev. ed. (London, 1957)

Lamoreaux, J. C., ‘Early Eastern Christian Responses to Islam’, in Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam, ed. J. V. Tolan (New York, 1996), 3–31

Lapidge, M., Anglo-Latin Literature 900–1066 (London, 1993)

Lapidge, M., Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996)

Lapidge, M., ‘Israel the Grammarian in Anglo-Saxon England’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 900–1066 (London, 1993), 87–104

Lapidge, M., ‘Schools, Learning and Literature in Tenth-Century England’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 900–1066 (London, 1993), 1–48

Lapidge, M., ‘Surviving Booklists from Anglo-Saxon England’, in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: Basic Readings, ed. M. P. Richards (New York and London, 1994), 87–167

Lapidge, M., ‘Anglo-Latin Literature’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 1–35

Lapidge, M., ‘Beowulf, Aldhelm, the Liber Monstrorum and Wessex’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 271–311

Lapidge, M., ‘The Career of Archbishop Theodore’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 93–121

Lapidge, M., ‘An Isidorian Epitome from Early Anglo-Saxon England’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 183–23

Lapidge, M., ‘Latin Learning in Ninth-Century England’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 409–39

Lapidge, M., ‘The School of Theodore and Hadrian’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 141–68

Lapidge, M. and M. Herren, trans., Aldhelm: The Prose Works (Cambridge, 1979)

Lapidge, M. and J. L. Rosier, trans., Aldhelm: The Poetic Works (Cambridge, 1985)

Lapidus, I. M., A History of Islamic Societies (Cambridge, 1988)

Laureys, M. and D. Verhelst, ‘Pseudo-Methodius, Reuelationes: Textgeschichte und kritische Edition: Ein Leuven-Groninger Forschungsprojekt’, in The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, Mediaevalia Lovaniensia 1st s. 15, ed. W. Verbeke, D. Verhelst and A. Welkenhuysen (Leuven, 1988), 112–36

Lebecq, S., Marchands et navigateurs frisons du haut Moyen Age, 2 vols. (Lille, 1983)

Lebecq, S., ‘On the Use of the Word “Frisian” in the Sixth to Tenth Centuries’ Written Sources: Some Interpretations’, Maritime Celts, Frisians and Saxons, Council for British Archaeology Report 71, ed. S. McGrail (London, 1990)

Lévi-Provençal, E., Histoire de l'Espagne musulmane, 3 vols. (Paris, 1950–3)

Lewis, B., The Arabs in History (London, 1966)

Lewis, B., Islam and the West (New York, 1993)

Lewis, B., The Muslim Discovery of Europe (London, 1994)

Lieber, A. E., ‘International Trade and Coinage in the Northern Lands during the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction’, in Viking-Age Coinage in the Northern Lands: The Sixth Oxford Symposium on Coinage and Monetary History, 2 vols., BAR International Series 122, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn and D. M. Metcalf (Oxford, 1981), Ⅰ, 1–34

Welin, Linder U. S., ‘Some Rare Sāmānid Dirhams and the Origin of the Word “Mancusus”’, Congresso Internazionale di Numismatica Roma 11–16 Settembre 1961 (Rome, 1961–) Ⅱ, 499–507Google Scholar

Welin, Linder U. S., ‘Elias Brenners Arabiska GuldPenning och Andra Dinarer Funna Ⅰ Sverige’, Nordisk Numismatisk Årsskrift 1964, 5–25Google Scholar

Lolos, A., Die Apokalypse des Ps.-Methodios (Meisenheim am Glan, 1976)

Lolos, A., Die dritte und vierte Redaktion des Ps.-Methodius, Beiträge zur klassischen Philologie 94 (Meisenheim am Glan, 1978)

Lombard, M., The Golden Age of Islam (Amsterdam and Oxford, 1975)

Lombard, M., ‘L'or musulman du Ⅶe au Ⅺe siècle: Les bases monetaires d'une suprematie économique’, Annales: économies, sociétés, civilisations 2 (1947), 143–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lopez, R. S., ‘The Trade of Medieval Europe: The South’, M. M. Postan and E. Miller, ed., The Cambridge Economic History of Europe Ⅱ, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1987), 257–354

Lowick, N. M., ‘A New Type of Solidus Mancus’, Numismatic Chronicle, 7th s. 13 (1973), 173–82Google Scholar

Lowick, N. M., ‘The Kufic Coins from Cuerdale’, British Numismatic Journal 66 (1976), 19–28Google Scholar

Luebeck, E., Hieronymus quos nouerit scriptores et ex quibus hauserit (Leipzig, 1872)

Maier, C. T., Preaching the Crusades: Mendicant Friars and the Cross in the Thirteenth Century (Cambridge, 1994)

Maier, C. T., Crusade Propaganda and Ideology (Cambridge, 2000)

Makdisi, G., ‘The Scholastic Method in Medieval Education: An Inquiry into Its Origins in Law and Theology’, Speculum 49 (1974), 640–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Makdisi, G., ‘Interaction between Islam and the West’, Revue des Études Islamiques 54 (1976), 273–312Google Scholar

Mango, M. M., Mango, C. and Evans, A. Care, ‘A Sixth-Century Mediterranean Bucket from Bromeswell Parish, Suffolk’, Antiquity 63 (1989), 295–311CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mani, L. and Frankenberg, R., ‘The Challenge of Orientalism’, Economy and Society 14 (1985), 174–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maraval, P., Lieux saints et pèlerinages d'Orient: Histoire et géographie des origines à la conquête arabe (Paris, 1985)

Marsden, R., The Text of the Old Testament in Anglo-Saxon England, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 15 (Cambridge, 1995)

Martinez, F. J., ‘The Apocalyptic Genre in Syriac: The World of Pseudo-Methodius’, in Ⅳ Symposium Syriacum 1984: Literary Genres in Syriac Literature, Orientalia Christiana Analecta 229, ed. H. J. W. Drijvers et al. (Rome, 1987) 337–52

Matar, N., Islam in Britain 1558–1685 (Cambridge, 1998)

Mateu, Y.Llopis, F. and Dolley, R. H. M., ‘A Small Find of Anglo-Saxon Pennies from Roncesvalles’, British Numismatic Journal 27 (3rd s. 7) (1952–4), 89–91Google Scholar

Mayer, R., The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, 5th ed., rev. S. Sheehan (London and Boston, 1991)

Mayr-Harting, The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd ed. (London, 1991)

Mazzaoui, M. M., ‘The Conquest of Alexandria According to the Early Arab Historians: A Critical Appraisal’, Graeco-Arabica 5 (1993), 167–76Google Scholar

McCluskey, S. C., ‘Astronomies in the Latin West from the Fifth to the Ninth Centuries’, in Science in Western and Eastern Civilisation in Carolingian Times, ed. P. L. Butzer and D. Lohrmann (Basel, 1993), 139–60

McCormick, M., ‘Byzantium and the West’, The New Cambridge Medieval History Ⅱ, ed. R. McKitterick (Cambridge, 1995), 349–80

McKitterick, R., ed., The New Cambridge Medieval History Ⅱ: c. 700-c. 900 (Cambridge, 1995)

McPherson, C., ‘The Sea a Desert: Early English Spirituality and The Seafarer’, American Benedictine Review 38 (1987), 115–26Google Scholar

Meadows, I. ‘The Arabs in Occitania’, Aramco World 44 ⅱ (1993), 24–9Google Scholar

Meehan, D., ed., Adamnan's De Locis Sanctis, Scriptores Latini Hiberniae 3 (Dublin, 1958)

Meier, H. H., ‘Writing and Medieval Culture’, in Writing and Culture, Swiss Papers in English Language and Literature 6, ed. B. Engler (Tübingen, 1992), 33–52

Mellinkoff, R., ‘The Round, Cap-Shaped Hats on Jews in British Library Cotton Claudius B.ⅳ’, Anglo-Saxon England 2 (1973), 155–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mellinkoff, R., ‘Cain's Monstrous Progeny in Beowulf: part Ⅰ, Noachic Tradition’, Anglo-Saxon England 8 (1979), 143–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mellinkoff, R., ‘Cain's Monstrous Progeny in Beowulf: part Ⅱ, Post-Diluvian Survival’, Anglo-Saxon England 9 (1981), 183–97Google Scholar

Metcalf, D. M., ‘The Monetary History of England in the Tenth Century Viewed in the Perspective of the Eleventh Century’, in Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memory of Michael Dolley, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn (Leicester, 1986), 133–57

Metcalf, D. M., (review of Grierson and Blackburn, Medieval European Coinage)British Numismatic Journal 56 (1986), 191Google Scholar

Metlitzki, D., The Matter of Araby in Medieval England (New Haven and London, 1977)

Metzger, B. M., The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations (Oxford, 1977)

Meyendorff, J., ‘Byzantine Views of Islam’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 18 (1964), 115–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Michel, F., Recherches sur le commerce, la fabrication et l'usage des étoffes de soie, d'or et d'argent et autres tissus précieux en Occident, principalement en France pendant le Moyen Age, 2 vols. (Paris, 1852–4)

A Microfiche Concordance to Old English, R. L. Venezky and A. DiPaolo Healey (Newark, DE, 1980–3)

Mierow, C. C., trans., The Letters of St Jerome Ⅰ, Ancient Christian Writers 33 (Westminster, 1963)

Miquel, A., ‘L'Europe occidentale dans la relation arabe d'Ibrâhîm b. Ya'qÛb (Xe. s.)’, Annales: économies, sociétés, civilisations 21 (1966), 1048–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miscellanea, , Numismatic Chronicle 9 (1846–7), 85

Montgomery, J. A., Arabia and the Bible (Philadelphia, 1934)

Moorhead, J., ‘The Monophysite Response to the Arab Invasions’, Byzantion 51 (1981), 579–91Google Scholar

Moreno, E. M., ‘Christian-Muslim Frontier in Al-Andalus: Idea and Reality’, in The Arab Influence in Medieval Europe, ed. D. A. Agius and R. Hitchcock (Reading, 1994), 83–99

Morony, M. G.(review of Crone and Cook, Hagarism), Journal of Near Eastern Studies 41 (1982), 157–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Munro, D. C., ‘The Western Attitude toward Islam during the Period of the Crusades’, Speculum 6 (1931), 329–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murray, A., ‘The Sword is Our Pope’, London Review of Books (15 October 1998), 16–17Google Scholar

Muthesius, A., ‘Silks and Saints: The Rider and Peacock Silks from the Relics of St Cuthbert’, in St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200, ed. G. Bonner, D. Rollason and C. Stancliffe (Woodbridge, 1989), 343–66

Muthesius, A., ‘Silken Diplomacy’, J. Shepard and S. Franklin, ed., Byzantine Diplomacy: Papers from the 24th Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Cambridge, 1990 (Aldershot, 1992), 237–48

Muthesius, A., ‘The Byzantine Silk Industry: Lopez and Beyond’, Journal of Medieval History 19 (1993), 1–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Near, M. R., ‘Anticipating Alienation: Beowulf and the Intrusion of Literacy’, Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 108 (1993), 320–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neues Bibel-Lexikon, ed. M. Görg and B. Lang (Zurich, 1991-)

The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible, H. S. Gehman (Philadelphia, 1970)

Nightingale, P., ‘The London Pepperers’ Guild and Some Twelfth-Century English Trading Links with Spain’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 58 (1985), 123–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar

North, J. J., English Hammered Coinage, 2 vols. (London, 1994)

O'Brien O'Keeffe, K., Visible Song: Transitional Literacy in Old English Verse (Cambridge, 1990)

O'Brien O'Keeffe, K., ‘The Geographic List of Solomon and Saturn Ⅱ’, Anglo-Saxon England 20 (1991), 123–41Google Scholar

Ogle, , ‘Petrus Comestor, Methodius and the Saracens’, Speculum 21 (1946), 318–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ohlgren, T. H., Insular and Anglo-Saxon Illuminated Manuscripts: An Iconographic Catalogue, c. AD 625–1100 (New York and London, 1986)

Olson, D. R., ‘Interpreting Texts and Interpreting Nature: The Effects of Literacy on Hermeneutics and Epistemology’, in The Written Word: Studies in Literate Thought and Action, ed. R. Säljö (Berlin, 1988), 123–38

Olyan, S. M., ‘Some Observations Concerning the Identity of the Queen of Heaven’, Ugarit-Forschungen 19 (1987), 161–74Google Scholar

O'Neill, P., ‘On the Date, Provenance and Relationship of the Solomon and Saturn dialogues’, Anglo-Saxon England 26 (1997), 139–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ong, W. J. Interfaces of the Word (Ithaca and London, 1977)

Ong, W. J. ‘Writing is a Technology That Restructures Thought’, in The Written Word: Literacy in Transition, Wolfson College Lectures 1985, ed. G. Baumann (Oxford, 1986), 22–50

Opland, J., ‘From Horseback to Monastic Cell: The Impact on English Literature of the Introduction of Writing’, in Old English Literature in Context, ed. J. D. Niles (Cambridge, 1980), 30–43

Orchard, A. P. M., Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf-Manuscript (Cambridge, 1995)

The Oxford Companion to the Bible, ed. B. M. Metzger and M. D. Coogan (New York and Oxford, 1993)

Palmer, A., ed., The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles (Liverpool, 1993)

Patlagean, E., ‘Byzance et les marchés du grand commerce, vers 830-vers 1030: Entre Pirenne et Polanyi’, Settimane di studio del centro Italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo 40 (1992), 587–629Google Scholar

Pearson, M. N., Pious Passengers: The Hajj in Earlier Times (London, 1994)

Pellat, Y. and , C., ‘L'idée de Dieu chez les Sarrasins des chansons de geste’, Studia Islamica 22 (1965), 5–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Perlmann, M., ‘Eleventh-Century Andalusian Authors on the Jews of Granada’, Proceedings, American Academy for Jewish Research 18 (1948–49), 269–290CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Peters, E., ed., The First Crusade: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source Materials (Philadelphia, 1971)

Pirenne, H., Mahomet et Charlemagne, 5th ed. (Brussels, 1937)

Plummer, C., Venerabilis Baedae historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1896; repr. 2 vols. in 1, 1946)

Pope, J. C., ed., Homilies of Ælfric: A Supplementary Collection, Early English Text Society o.s. 259–60, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1967–8)

Porter Smith, B., Islam in English Literature (Beirut, 1939)

Prinz, O., ed., ‘Eine frühe abendländische Aktualisierung des lateinischen Übersetzung des Pseudo-Methodius’, Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 41 (1985), 1–23

Pulsiano, P., ‘A Proposal for a Collective Edition of the Old English Glossed Psalters’, in Anglo-Saxon Glossography: Papers Read at the International Conference, Brussels, 8 and 9 September 1986, ed. R. Derolez (Brussels, 1992), 169–87

Quasten, J., Patrology, ed. A. di Berardino, trans. P. Solari (Westminster, MA, 1991)

Quentin, H., Les martyrologes historiques du moyen age: étude sur la formation du martyrologe romain, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1908)

Rahman, F., Islam: Ideology and the Way of Life (London, 1980)

Reese, D. S., ‘The Trade of Indo-Pacific Shells into the Mediterranean Basin and Europe’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 10 (1991), 159–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reinink, G. J., ed., Die Syrische Apokalypse des Pseudo-Methodius, 2 vols. (Louvain, 1993)

Reinink, G. J., ‘Ismael, der Wildesel in der Wüste: Zur Typologie der Apokalypse der Pseudo-Methodius’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 75 (1982), 336–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reinink, G. J., ‘Ps-Methodius und die Legende vom römischen Endkaiser’, in The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, Mediaevalia Lovanensia Ⅰ, study 15, ed. W. Verbeke, D. Verhelst and A. Welkenhuysen (Leuven, 1988), 82–111

Richards, P. M., ‘Byzantine Bronze Vessels in England and Europe: The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Trade’, 2 vols. (unpublished PhD dissertation, Cambridge, 1980)

Richter, M., The Formation of the Medieval West: Studies in the Oral Culture of the Barbarians (Dublin, 1994)

Riddle, J., ‘The Introduction and Use of Eastern Drugs in the Early Middle Ages’, Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften 49 (1965), 185–98Google ScholarPubMed

Rigg, A. G., A History of Anglo-Latin Literature 1066–1422 (Cambridge, 1992)

Riley-Smith, J., The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading (London, 1986)

Riley-Smith, L. and J., The Crusades: Idea and Reality 1095–1274 (London, 1981)

Rivers, T. J., ‘Adultery in Early Anglo-Saxon Society’, Anglo-Saxon England 20 (1991), 19–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rodgers, R. H., ed., Petri Diaconi: Ortus et vita (Berkely, CA, 1972)

Rollinson, , ‘The Influence of Christian Doctrine and Exegesis on Old English Poetry: An Estimate of the Current State of Scholarship’, Anglo-Saxon England 2 (1973), 271–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rotter, E., Abendland und Sarazenen: Das okzidentale Araberbild und seine Entstehung im Frühmittelalter (Berlin and New York, 1983)

Runciman, S., The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, A History of the Crusades 1 (Cambridge, 1968)

Russell, J. B., Satan: The Early Christian Tradition (Ithaca and London, 1981)

Sabbe, E., ‘L'importation des tissus orientaux en Europe occidentale au haut Moyen Âge (Ⅸe et Ⅹe siècles)’, Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire 14 (1935), 811–48 and 1261–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sackur, E., ed., Sibyllinische Texte und Forschungen: PseudoMethodius, Adso und die Tiburtinische Sibylle (Halle, 1898)

Sahas, D. J., John of Damascus on Islam: the ‘Heresy of the Ishmaelites’ (Leiden 1972)

Sahas, D. J., ‘John of Damascus on Islam Revisited’, Abr Nahrain 23 (1984/5), 104–18Google Scholar

Sahas, D. J., ‘The Art and Non-Art of Byzantine Polemics: Patterns of Refutation in Byzantine Anti-Islamic Literature’ in Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Christian Communities in Islamic Lands, Eighth to Eighteenth Centuries, Papers in Medieval Studies 9, ed. M. Gervers and R. J. Bikhazi (Toronto, 1990), 55–73

Sahas, D. J., ‘The Seventh Century in Byzantine-Muslim Relations’, Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 2 (1991), 3–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Said, E. W., The World, The Text and the Critic (Cambridge, MA, 1983)

Said, E. W., Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient (repr. with new afterword, London, 1995)

Said, E. W., Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World (rev. ed. with new introduction, London, 1997)

Said, E. W., Culture and Imperialism (London, 1993)

Salmon, P., ‘The Site of Lucifer's Throne’, Anglia 81 (1963), 118–23Google Scholar

Saunders, C. J., ‘Vox Clamantis in Deserto: The Landscape of Ælfric's John the Baptist’, Notes and Queries 237 (n.s. 39) (1992), 19–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sauvaget, J., Introduction to the History of the Muslim East: A Bibliographical Guide, tr. C. Cahen (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1965)

Sawyer, P., ‘Anglo-Scandinavian Trade in the Viking Age and After’, in Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memory of Michael Dolley, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn (Leicester, 1986), 185–99

Schaefer, U., ‘Ceteris Imparibus: Orality/Literacy and the Establishment of Anglo-Saxon Literate Culture’, in The Preservation and Transmission of Anglo-Saxon Culture: Selected Papers from the 1991 Meeting of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists, Studies in Medieval Culture 40, ed. P. E. Szarmach and J. T. Rosenthal (Kalamazoo, MI, 1997), 287–311

Schapiro, M., ‘The Bowman and the Bird on the Ruthwell Cross’, Art Bulletin 45 (1963), 351–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schwarz, H., and S. Ray, A Companion to Postcolonial Studies (Oxford, 2000)

Scragg, D. G., ‘The Corpus of Anonymous Lives and Their Manuscript Context’, in Holy Men and Holy Women: Old English Prose Saints’ Lives and Their Contexts, ed. P. E. Szarmach, SUNY Series in Medieval Studies (Albany, NY, 1996), 209–34

Seale, M. S., The Desert Bible: Nomadic Tribal Culture and Old Testament Interpretation (London, 1974)

See, K., ‘Caedmon und Muhammed’, Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur 112 (1983), 225–33Google Scholar

Sénac, P., L'image de l'autre: L'Occident médiéval face à l'Islam (Paris, 1983)

Shahid, I., Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century (Washington, DC, 1984)

Shahid, I., Rome and the Arabs: A Prologomenon to the Study of Byzantium and the Arabs (Washington, DC, 1984)

Shahid, I., Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century (Washington, DC, 1989)

Shahid, I., Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, 2 vols. (Washington, DC, 1995)

Shalem, A., Islam Christianized: Islamic Portable Objects in the Medieval Church Treasuries of the Latin West, Ars Faciendi: Beiträge und Studien zur Kunstgeschichte, ed. R. Kuhn 7 (Frankfurt am Main, 1996)

Sims-Williams, P., ‘Cuthswith, seventh-century abbess of Inkberrow, near Worcester, and the Würzburg manuscript of Jerome on Ecclesiastes’, Anglo-Saxon England 5 (1976), 1–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sisam, K. and C., ed., The Salisbury Psalter, Early English Text Society o.s. 242 (Oxford, 1959)

Southern, R. W., Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, MA, 1962)

Sparks, H. F. D., ‘Jerome as Biblical Scholar’, in The Cambridge History of the Bible Volume 1: From the Beginnings to Jerome, ed. P. R. Ackroyd and C. F. Evans (Cambridge, 1970), 510–41

Spufford, P., Money and Its Use in Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1988)

Stenton, F. M., Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd ed. (Oxford, 1971)

Stevenson, W. H., Asser's Life of King Alfred (Oxford, 1959)

Stewart, P., Unfolding Islam (London, 1994)

Stock, B., The Implications of Literacy: Written Language and Models of Interpretation in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries (Princeton, 1983)

Strudwick, J. S., ‘Saxon and Arabic Coins found at Dean, Cumberland’, British Numismatic Journal 28 (3rd s. 8) (1955–7), 177–80Google Scholar

Sutcliffe, E. F., ‘The Venerable Bede's Knowledge of Hebrew’, Biblica 16 (1935), 300–6Google Scholar

Swanton, M., ed. and trans., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (London, 1996)

Talbi, M., ‘Le Christianisme maghrébin de la conquête musulmane à sa disparition: une tentative d'explication’, Conversion and Continuity, ed. M. Gervers and R. J. Bikhazi, 313–51

Talbot, C. H., Medicine in Medieval England (London, 1967)

Talbot, C. H., The Anglo-Saxon Missionaries in Germany (London, 1981)

Taylor, J., The Universal Chronicle of Ranulf Higden (Oxford, 1960)

Thomson, R. M., ‘The Library of Bury St Edmunds Abbey in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries’, Speculum 47 (1972), 617–645; repr. in his England and the 12th-Century Renaissance (Aldershot, 1998), no. ⅠCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thomson, R. M., ‘The Norman Conquest and English Libraries’, in The Role of the Book in Medieval Culture, ed. P. Ganz, 2 vols. (Turnhout, 1986), Ⅱ, 27–40; repr. in his England and the 12th-Century Renaissance (Aldershot, 1998), no. ⅩⅧ

Trimingham, J. S., Christianity among the Arabs in pre-Islamic Times (London, 1979)

Tritton, S., The Caliphs and Their Non-Muslim Subjects (London, Bombay and Calcutta, 1930)

Turner, B. S., Orientalism, Postmodernism and Globalism (London, 1994)

Twomey, M. W., ‘Ps Methodius: Revelationes’, in Sources of Anglo-Saxon Literary Culture: A Trial Version, Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 74, ed. F. M. Biggs, T. D. Hill and P. E. Szarmach (Binghamton, NY, 1990), 33–4

Vaux, W. S. W., ‘On the Discovery of Cufic Coins in Sweden, and on the Shores of the Baltic’, Numismatic Chronicle o.s. 13 (1850–1), 14–23Google Scholar

Vaux, W. S. W., ‘An Account of a Find of Coins in the Parish of Goldborough, Yorkshire’, Numismatic Chronicle n. s. 1 (1861), 65–71Google Scholar

Venezky, R. L. and A. DiPaolo Healey, A Microfiche Concordance to Old English (Newark, 1980–1983)

Verhelst, D., ‘La préhistoire des conceptions d'Adson concernant l'Antichrist’, Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale 40 (1973), 52–103Google Scholar

Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., ‘Bede's Europe’, in Bede and His World: The Jarrow Lectures, ed. M. Lapidge, 2 vols. (Aldershot, 1994), Ⅰ, 71–85

Wasserstein, D., The Rise and Fall of the Party-Kings: Politics and Society in Islamic Spain, 1001–1086 (Princeton, 1985)

Watt, W. M., The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe (Edinburgh, 1972)

Webber, T., Scribes and Scholars at Salisbury Cathedral c. 1075-c. 1125 (Oxford, 1992)

Whatley, E. G., ‘Lost in Translation: Omission of Episodes in Some Old English Prose Saints’ Legends’, Anglo-Saxon England 26 (1997), 187–208CrossRefGoogle Scholar

White, B., ‘Saracens and Crusaders: From Fact to Allegory’, in Medieval Literature and Civilization: Studies in Memory of G. N. Garmonsway, ed. D. A. Pearsall and R. A. Waldron (London, 1969) 170–91

Wilkinson, J., Jerusalem Pilgrims Before the Crusades (Warminster, 1977)

Williams, D., Cain and Beowulf: A Study in Secular Allegory (Toronto and Buffalo, 1982)

Winterbottom, M., ‘Aldhelm's Prose Style And Its Origins’, Anglo-Saxon England 6 (1977), 39–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wolf, K. B., ‘Christian Views of Islam in Early Medieval Spain’, in Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam: A Book of Essays, ed. J. V. Tolan (New York, 1996), 85–108

Ye'or, B., The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians under Islam, tr. D. Maisel, P. Fenton and D. Littman (London and Toronto, 1985)

Zatelli, I., ‘Astrology and the Worship of the Stars in the Bible’, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 103 (1991), 86–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abbo of Fleury, Passio S. Edmundi, ed. M. Winterbottom, Three Lives of English Saints (Toronto, 1972), 64–87

Acta Mechmeti Ⅰ. Saracenorum principis … genealogia successorum ejusdem ad modernum usque Mechmetem Ⅲ (Frankfurt, 1597)

Adémar of Chabannes, Chronicon, ed. P. Bourgain, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 129 (Turnhout, 1999), 15–189

Adomnán, De locis sanctis, ed. L. Bieler, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 175 (Turnhout 1965), 185–234; ed. and trans. D. Meehan, Adamnan's De Locis Sanctis, Scriptores Latini Hiberniae 3 (Dublin, 1958), 36–121; also trans. J. Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims Before the Crusades (Warminster, 1977), 93–116

Adso of Montier-en-Der, De ortu et tempore antichristi, ed. D. Verhelst, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 45 (Turnhout, 1976), 20–30

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Ælfric's Colloquy (London, 1939)

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, De falsis diis, ed. J. C. Pope, Homilies of Ælfric: A Supplementary Collection, Early English Text Society o.s. 259–60, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1967–8), Ⅱ, 676–712

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Grammar, ed. J. Zupitza, Ælfrics Grammatik und Glossar, Sammlung englischer Denkmäler 1 (Berlin, 1880), 1–296

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, The Decollation of John the Baptist, ed. P. A. M. Clemoes, Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: The First Series, Early English Text Society s.s. 17 (Oxford, 1997), 451–8

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Homily for the First Sunday after Easter, ed. P. A. M. Clemoes, Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: The First Series, Early English Text Society s.s. 17 (Oxford, 1997), 307–12

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Homily for Friday after the Fifth Sunday in Lent, ed. B. Assmann, Angelsächsische Homilien und Heiligenleben (Kassel, 1889; repr. with supplementary introduction by P. A. M. Clemoes, Darmstadt, 1964), 65–72

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, ‘Hwær beoð wyrta blostman?’ ed. P. A. M. Clemoes, Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: The First Series, Early English Text Society s.s. 17 (Oxford, 1997), 533–5

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Old English Judges, ed. S. J. Crawford, The Old English Version of the Heptateuch, Aelfric's Treatise on the Old and New Testament and his Preface to Genesis, Early English Text Society o.s. 160 (London, 1922), 401–17

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, Old English Preface to Genesis, ed. S. J. Crawford, The Old English Version of the Heptateuch, Aelfric's Treatise on the Old and New Testament and his Preface to Genesis, Early English Text Society o.s. 160 (London, 1922), 76–7

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, The Passion of St Bartholomew the Apostle, ed. P. A. M. Clemoes, Ælfric's Catholic Homilies: The First Series, Early English Text Society s.s. 17 (Oxford, 1997), 439–50

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, The Passion of St Thomas the Apostle, ed. and trans. W. W. Skeat, Ælfric's Lives of the Saints: Being a Set of Sermons on Saints' Days Formerly Observed by the English Church, Early English Text Society 76, 82, 94 and 114 (London, 1881–1900; repr. as 2 vols., 1966), Ⅱ, 398–424

Ælfric, Colloquy, ed. G. N. Garmonsway, ‘Wyrdwriteras us secgað’, ed. J. C. Pope, Homilies of Ælfric: A Supplementary Collection, 2 vols., Early English Text Society o.s. 259–60 (Oxford, 1967), Ⅱ, 725–32

Æthelweard, Chronicon, ed. A. Campbell, The Chronicle of Æthelweard (London, 1962)

Aethicus Ister, Cosmographia, ed. O. Prinz, Die Kosmographie des Aethicus, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 14 (Munich, 1993)

Alcuin, Epistolae, ed. E. Dümmler, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Ep.car.aeu. 2 (Berlin, 1895), 1–481

Alcuin, Epistolae, ed. E. Dümmler, In Genesim, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 100, 516–66

The Alcoran of Mahomet, Translated out of Arabique into French … and Newly Englished, for the Satisfaction of All that Desire to Look into the Turkish Vanities (London, 1649)

Aldhelm, Carmen de uirginitate, ed. R. Ehwald, Aldhelmi opera, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919), 350–471; trans. J. L. Rosier in Aldhelm: The Poetic Works, trans. M. Lapidge and J. L. Rosier (Cambridge, 1985), 102–79

Aldhelm, Carmen de uirginitate, ed. R. Ehwald, Enigmata, ed. R. Ehwald, Aldhelmi opera, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919), 97–149; trans. M. Lapidge in Aldhelm: The Poetic Works, trans. M. Lapidge and J. L. Rosier (Cambridge, 1985), 70–94

Aldhelm, Carmen de uirginitate, ed. R. Ehwald, Epistolae, ed. R. Ehwald, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919), 475–503; trans. M. Herren in Aldhelm: The Prose Works, trans. M. Lapidge and M. Herren (Cambridge, 1979), 152–70

Aldhelm, Carmen de uirginitate, ed. R. Ehwald, De pedum regulis, ed. R. Ehwald, Aldhelmi opera, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919), 150–204; trans. N. Wright in Aldhelm: The Poetic Works, trans. M. Lapidge and J. L. Rosier (Cambridge, 1985), 212–19

Aldhelm, Carmen de uirginitate, ed. R. Ehwald, De uirginitate (prose), ed. R. Ehwald, Aldhelmi opera, Auctores antiquissimi 15 (Berlin, 1919), 226–323; trans. M. Lapidge in Aldhelm: The Prose Works, trans. M. Lapidge and M. Herren (Cambridge, 1979), 59–132

Aldred the Provost, ‘Nomina locorum in quo apostoli requiescunt’, ed. U. Lindelöf and A. H. Thompson, Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis: The Durham Collectar, Publications of the Surtees Society 140 (Durham, 1927), 195–7

Alvarus, , Indiculus Luminosus, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 121, 513–56

Ambrose, De Abraham, ed. K. Schenkl, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 32.1 (Vienna, 1897), 501–638

Ambrose, De Abraham, ed. K. Schenkl, Epistulae, 3 vols., ed. O. Faller, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 82.1 (Vienna, 1968) and M. Zelzer, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 82.2–3 (Vienna, 1982–90)

Ambrose, De Abraham, ed. K. Schenkl, Hexaemeron, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 32.1, ed. K. Shenkl (Vienna, 1897), 3–261

Ambrose, De Abraham, ed. K. Schenkl, De Ioseph, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 32.2, ed. K. Schenkl (Vienna, 1897), 73–122

Arnobius the Younger, Commentarii in psalmos, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 25, ed. K.-D. Daur (Turnhout, 1990)

von Arx, I., ed., Ex Adonis chronico, Scriptores 2 (Hanover, 1829), 315–23

von Arx, I., ed., Annales Sangallenses maiores, Scriptores 1 (Hanover, 1826), 72–85

von Arx, I., ed., Annales Wirziburgenses, Scriptores 2 (Hanover, 1829), 238–47

von Arx, I., ed., Annales Xantenses, Scriptores 2 (Hanover, 1829), 217–35

Asser, Life of King Alfred, ed. W. H. Stevenson (Oxford, 1904)

Assmann, B., ed., The Old English Life of Malchus, in his Angelsächsische Homilien und Heiligenleben (Kassel, 1889; repr. with supplementary introduction by P. A. M. Clemoes, Darmstadt, 1964), 199–207

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, 2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 47–8 (Turnhout, 1955)

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, Contra academicos, ed. W. M. Green, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 29 (Turnhout, 1970), 3–61

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, Enarrationes in psalmos, ed. E. Dekkers and J. Fraipont, 3 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 38–40 (Turnhout, 1956)

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, Epistulae, ed. A. Goldbacher, 5 vols., Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 34.1, 34.2, 44, 57 and 58 (Vienna, 1895–1923)

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, De haeresibus, ed. R. Vander Plaetse and C. Beukers, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 46 (Turnhout, 1969), 286–345

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, Quaestiones in Heptateuchum, ed. J. Fraipont, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 33 (Turnhout, 1958), 1–377

Augustine, De ciuitate Dei, ed. B. Dombart and A. Kalb, Tractatus in euangelium Ioannis, ed. R. Willems, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 36 (Turnhout, 1954)

Bald, Leechbook, ed. T. O. Cockayne, Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England, 3 vols. (London, 1864; repr. with new introduction by C. Singer, London, 1965), vol. Ⅱ

Bately, J. M., ed., The Old English Orosius, Early English Text Society s.s. 6 (Oxford, 1986)

Bede, In Cantica Canticorum allegorica expositio, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119B (Turnhout, 1983), 167–375

Bede, Commentarius in Ezram et Neemiam, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119A (Turnhout, 1969), 237–392

Bede, Commentarius in Genesim, ed. C. W. Jones, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 118A (Turnhout, 1967)

Bede, Commentarius in Habacuc, ed. J. E. Hudson, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119B (Turnhout, 1983), 381–409

Bede, Commentarius in primam partem Samuhelis, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119 (Turnhout, 1962), 5–272

Bede, Expositio actuum apostolorum, ed. M. L. W. Laistner, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 121 (Turnhout, 1983), 3–99

Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, ed. and trans. B. Colgrave and R. A. B. Mynors (Oxford, 1969)

Bede, Homiliae, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 122 (Turnhout, 1955), 407–38

Bede, In libros Regum quaestiones ⅹⅹⅹ, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119 (Turnhout, 1962), 289–322

Bede, De locis sanctis, ed. J. Fraipont, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 175 (Turnhout, 1965), 251–80

Bede, , Martyrologium, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 94, 799–1148

Bede, De natura rerum, ed. C. W. Jones, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 123A (Turnhout, 1975), 189–234

Bede, Nomina locorum ex beati Hieronimi presbiteri et Flaui Iosephi collecta opusculis, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119 (Turnhout, 1962), 273–87

Bede, Nomina regionum atque locorum de actibus apostolorum, ed. M. L. W. Laistner, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 121 (Turnhout, 1983), 167–78

Bede, De tabernaculo, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119A (Turnhout, 1969), 3–139

Bede, De templo, ed. D. Hurst, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 119A (Turnhout, 1969), 143–234

Bede, De temporibus liber, ed. C. W. Jones, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 123C (Turnhout, 1980), 585–611

Bede, De temporum ratione, ed. C. W. Jones, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 123B (Turnhout, 1977), 263–460

(attrib. to Bede) De inuentione sanctae crucis, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 94, 494–5

Bedwell, W., trans., Mohammedis Imposture: That Is, A Discovery of the Manifold Forgeries, Falsehoods, and Horrible Impieties of the Blasphemous Seducer Mohammed (London, 1615)

Biblia Sacra iuxta uulgatam uersionem, ed. R. Weber et al., 2nd edn., 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1975)

Bischoff, B. and M. Lapidge, ed. and trans., Biblical Commentaries from the Canterbury School of Theodore and Hadrian, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 10 (Cambridge, 1994)

Blake, N. F., ed., The Phoenix (Manchester, 1964)

Bodden, M. C., ed. and trans., The Old English Finding of the True Cross (Cambridge, 1987)

Boniface, Epistolae, ed. M. Tangl, Die Briefe des heiligen Bonifatius und Lullus, Epistolae selectae 1 (Berlin, 1916); trans. E. Emerton, The Letters of St. Boniface (New York, 1940)

Burchard of Worms, Decretorum liber, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 140, 538–1058

Byrhtferth, Vita Sancti Oswaldi, ed. and trans. M. Lapidge, ‘The Life of St Oswald’, in D. Scragg, ed., The Battle of Maldon AD 991 (Oxford, 1991), 51–8

Cassian, Conlationes, ed. M. Petschenig, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 13 (Vienna, 1886)

Cassiodorus, Chronicon (Historia tripartita), ed. T. Mommsen, Auctores antiquissimi 11 (Berlin, 1894), 120–61

Cassiodorus, Expositio psalmorum, ed. M. Adriaen, 2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 97–8 (Turnhout, 1958)

Caxton, W., trans., St Jerome: Vitas Patrum (Westminster, 1495)

Cockayne, T. O., ed., Lacnunga, in his Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early England, 3 vols. (London, 1864; repr. with new introduction by C. Singer, London, 1965), Ⅲ, 2–80

Colgrave, B. and R. A. B. Mynors, ed. and trans., ‘Epistola de obitu Bedae’, in Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Oxford, 1969), 580–7

Conder, J., An Analytical and Comparative View of All Religions Now Extant Among Mankind: With Their Internal Diversities of Creed and Profession (London, 1838)

Conder, J., ‘The Apocalypse: Ten Sonnets’, in his The Choir and Oratory: Or, Praise and Prayer (London, 1837), 73–82

Conner, P. W., ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: The Abingdon Chronicle, AD 956–1066, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, ed. D. Dumville and S. Keynes, 10 (Cambridge, 1996)

Consuetudines: Canonicorum regularium ordinis Arroasiensis constitutiones, ed. L. Milis, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 20 (Turnhout, 1970), 29–261

Corrêa, A., ed., The Durham Collectar, Henry Bradshaw Society 107 (London, 1992)

Crawford, S. J., ed., The Old English Version of the Heptateuch, Aelfric's Treatise on the Old and New Testament and his Preface to Genesis, Early English Text Society o.s. 160 (London, 1922)

Crawford, S. J., ed., Old English Notes on Genesis, in The Old English Version of the Heptateuch, Aelfric's Treatise on the Old and New Testament and his Preface to Genesis, Early English Text Society o.s. 160 (London, 1922), Appendix 1, 418–23

Cross, J. E. and T. D. Hill, eds., The Prose Solomon and Saturn and Adrian and Ritheus (Toronto, 1982)

Cubbin, G. P., ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: MS D, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, ed. D. Dumville and S. Keynes, 6 (Cambridge, 1996)

Duchesne, L., ed., Liber Pontificalis, 3 vols. (Paris, 1886); part. trans. R. Davis, The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis) (Liverpool, 1989)

Dümmler, E., ed., ‘Georgii episcopi Ostiensis epistola ad Hadrianum papam’, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae 4, Epistolae Carolini aeui. 2 (Berlin, 1895), 19–29

Fanshawe, Sir R., trans., the Lusiads by Luis Camões, in The Lusiads: In Sir Richard Fanshawe's Translation, ed. G. Bullough (London and Fontwell, 1963)

Folcuinus of Lobbes, Gesta abbatum Lobiensium, ed. G. H. Pertz, Scriptores 4 (Hanover, 1841), 54–74

Foxe, J., Acts and Monuments, 2 vols. (London, 1570)

Freculf, , Chronicon, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 106, 919–1258

Gordon, I. L., ed., The Seafarer (London, 1960)

Gradon, P. O. E., ed., Cynewulf's ‘Elene’ (London, 1977)

Gregory the Great, Epistolae, ed. P. Ewald and L. M. Hartmann, Registrum Epistolarum, 2 vols., Monumenta Germaniae Historica Epistolae 1–2 (Berlin, 1891)

Gregory the Great, Homiliae ⅱ in Canticum Canticorum, ed. P. Verbraken, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 144 (Turnhout, 1963), 3–46

Hanslik, R., ed., Historia ecclesiastica tripartita, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 71 (Vienna, 1952)

Haymo of Auxerre, Enarratio in duodecim prophetas minores, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 117, 9–294

Higden, R., Polychronicon, ed. C. Babington, with two English versions by John Trevisa and an anonymous translator, 9 vols., RS 41 (London, 1865–81)

Maurus, Hrabanus, Expositiones in Leuiticum, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 108, 247–586

Hygeburg, Vita Willibaldi episcopi Eichstetensis, ed. O. Holder-Egger, Scriptores 15 (Hanover 1887), 86–106; trans. C. H. Talbot, The Anglo-Saxon Missionaries in Germany (London, 1981), 153–77

Irving, E. B., The Old English Exodus, Yale Studies in English 122 (New Haven, 1953)

Isidore, Etymologiae, ed. W. M. Lindsay, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1911)

Jacob of Edessa, Scholia, ed. and trans. G. Phillips, Scholia on Passages of the Old Testament (London, 1864)

Jacobus de Voragine, Legenda aurea, ed. G. P. Maggioni, 2nd edn., 2 vols., Millenio medievale 6 (Tavarnuzze, 1998)

James of Vitry, Historiae Hierosolomytanae (Brussels, 1597)

Jerome, , Aduersus Iouinianum, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 23, 211–338

Jerome, Commentarii in Danielem, ed. F. Glorie, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 75A (Turnhout, 1964)

Jerome, , Commentarii in epistulas Paulinas, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 26, 307–618

Jerome, Commentarii in Ezechielem, ed. F. Glorie, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 75 (Turnhout, 1964)

Jerome, Commentarii in Isaiam, ed. M. Adriaen, 2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 73–73A (Turnhout, 1963)

Jerome, Commentarii in prophetas minores, ed. M. Adriaen, 2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 76–76A (Turnhout, 1969–70)

Jerome, Commentarius in Ecclesiasten, ed. M. Adriaen, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 72 (Turnhout, 1959), 250–361

Jerome, Commentarius in Hieremiam prophetam, ed. S. Reiter, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 74 (Turnhout, 1960)

Jerome, Epistulae, ed. I. Hilberg, 3 vols., Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 54–6 (Vienna, 1910–18)

Jerome, , Interpretatio chronicae Eusebii Pamphili, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 27, 34–676

Jerome, Liber interpretationis hebraicorum nominum, ed. P. Lagarde, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 72 (Turnhout, 1959), 59–161

Jerome, Liber quaestionum hebraicarum in Genesim, ed. P. Lagarde, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 72 (Turnhout, 1959), 1–56

Jerome, Tractatus in psalmos, ed. G. Morin, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina 78 (Turnhout, 1958), 3–447

Jerome, Vita Malchi, ed. and trans. C. C. Mierow, Sancti Eusebii Vita Malchi Monachi Captiui, in Classical Essays Presented to J. A. Kleist, ed. R. E. Arnold (St Louis, 1946), 33–60

Jerome, , Vita S. Hilarionis, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 23, 29–54

Jerome, , Vita S. Pauli, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 23, 17–28

John of Damascus, De haeresibus, ed. P. B. Kotter, Die Schriften des Iohannes von Damaskos, 5 vols., Patristische Texte und Studien 7, 12, 17, 22 and 29 (Berlin, 1969–88) Ⅳ, 19–67; ed. and trans. D. Sahas, John of Damascus on Islam, pp. 132–41

John of Nikiu, Chronicle, trans. R. H. Charles, The Chronicle of John (c. 690 AD), Coptic Biship of Nikiu (London, 1916)

Klaeber, F., ed., Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg (3rd edn. Lexington, MA, 1950)

Kotzor, G., ed., Das altenglische Martyrologium, 2 vols., Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historische Klasse 88 ⅰ–ⅱ (Munich, 1981)

Krapp, G. P., ed., Genesis, in The Junius Manuscript, Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records 1 (Baltimore, 1931), 1–87

Krapp, G. P., ed., The Paris Psalter, in The Paris Psalter and the Meters of Boethius, Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records 5 (New York, 1932), 3–150

Leslie, R. F., ed., The Wanderer (Exeter, 1985)

Lind, L. R., ed., The Vita Sancti Malchi of Reginald of Canterbury: A Critical Edition, University of Illinois Studies in Language and Literature 27 (Urbana, 1942)

Lindelöf, U. and A. H. Thompson, eds., Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis: The Durham Collectar, Publications of the Surtees Society 140 (Durham, 1927)

Malone, K., ed., Widsith, Anglistica 13, rev. edn. (Copenhagen 1962)

Matthew Paris, Chronica maiora, ed. H. R. Luard, 7 vols., RS 57 (London, 1872–83)

Menner, R. J., ed., The Poetical Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn, MLA Monograph Series 13 (New York, 1941)

Migne, J. P., ed., Patrologia Latina, 221 vols. (Paris, 1844–64)

Morris, R., ed., The Blickling Homilies, Early English Text Society 58, 63 and 73 (repr. as one vol., Oxford, 1967)

Napier, A. S., ed., History of the Holy Rood-Tree: A Twelfth-Century Version of the Cross-Legend, Early English Text Society o.s. 103 (London, 1894)

Newton, T., A Notable Historie of the Saracens (London, 1575)

O'Brien O'Keeffe, K., ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: MS C, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, ed. D. Dumville and S. Keynes, 5 (Cambridge, 2001)

Ockley, S., The Conquest of Syria, Persia, and Egypt, by the Saracens (London, 1708); later published as vol. 1 of The History of the Saracens, 2 vols. (London, 1718)

Old English psalter-glosses (for the Old English metrical version of the psalms, see Krapp, ed., The Paris Psalter):

Old English psalter-glosses A: London, British Library, Cotton Vespasian A.i [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.7], ed. S. M. Kuhn, The Vespasian Psalter (Ann Arbor, MI, 1965)

Old English psalter-glosses B: Oxford, Bodleian Library, Junius 27 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.12], ed. E. Brenner, Der altenglische Junius-Psalter, Anglistische Forschungen 23 (Heidelberg, 1908)

Old English psalter-glosses C: Cambridge, University Library, Ff.1.23 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.1], ed. K. Wildhagen, Der Cambridger Psalter, Bibliothek der angelsächsischen Prosa 7 (Hamburg, 1910)

Old English psalter-glosses D: London, British Library, Royal 2.B.v [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.9], ed. F. Roeder, Der altenglische Regius-Psalter, Studien zur englischen Philologie 18 (Halle, 1904)

Old English psalter-glosses E: Cambridge, Trinity College R.17.1 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.3]; ed. F. Harsley, Eadwine's Canterbury Psalter, Early English Text Society o.s. 92 (London, 1889)

Old English psalter-glosses F: London, British Library, Stowe 2 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.10]; ed. A. C. Kimmens, The Stowe Psalter (Toronto and Buffalo, 1979)

Old English psalter-glosses G: London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius E.ⅹⅷ [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.8], ed. J. L. Rosier, The Vitellius Psalter, Cornell Studies in English 42 (Ithaca, NY, 1962)

Old English psalter-glosses J: London, British Library, Arundel 60 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.5]; ed. G. Oess, Der altenglische Arundel-Psalter, Anglistische Forschungen 30 (Heidelberg, 1910)

Old English psalter-glosses K: Salisbury, Cathedral Library, 150 [Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number) C7.13]; ed. C. and K. Sisam, The Salisbury Psalter, Early English Text Society o.s. 242 (Oxford, 1959)

Orchard, Andy, ed. and trans., Letter of Alexander to Aristotle, in Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf-Manuscript (Cambridge, 1995), 204–23 (Latin) and 224–53 (Old English and translation)

Orchard, Andy, ed. and trans., Liber monstrorum, in Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf-Manuscript (Cambridge, 1995), 254–317

Orchard, Andy, ed. and trans., Wonders of the East, in Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf-Manuscript (Cambridge, 1995), 175–81 (Latin) and 184–203 (Old English and translation)

Orderic Vitalis, Historia æcclesiastica, ed. and trans. M. Chibnall, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, 6 vols. (Oxford, 1969–80)

Orosius, Historiae aduersum paganos, ed. K. Zangemeister, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 5 (Vienna, 1882)

Paschal, Ⅱ, Pope, , Epistolae et priuilegia, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 163, 10–484

Paschasius Radbertus, Expositio in Matheum, ed. B. Paulus, 3 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 56–56B (Turnhout, 1984)

Paulus Diaconus, Pauli Historia Langobardorum, ed. G. Waitz (Hanover, 1878); trans. W. D. Foulke, History of the Lombards (Philadelphia 1907)

Peter the Deacon, Acta S. Placidi, ed. Bollandists, AASS October Ⅲ, 114–38

Pliny, Historia naturalis, ed. L. Ian and C. Mayhoff, C. Plini Secundi Naturalis Historiae Libri ⅩⅩⅩⅦ, 5 vols. (Leipzig, 1892–1909)

Prinz, O., ed., Reuelationes of pseudo-Methodius (second recension) ‘Eine frühe abendländische Aktualisierung der lateinischen Übersetzung des Pseudo-Methodius’, Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 41 (1985), 6–17

pseudo-Methodius, Reuelationes, see Sackur (first recension) and Prinz (second recension)

Qur'ān, trans. Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur'ān: Text, Translation and Commentary, new rev. edn. (Brentwood, 1989)

Raleigh, W., The Life and Death of Mahomet, the Conquest of Spaine, Together with the Rysing and Ruine of the Sarazen Empire (London, 1637)

Remigius of Auxerre, Expositio super Genesim, ed. B. V. N. Edwards, Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 136 (Turnhout, 1999)

Ross, A., The History of the World: The Second Part, in 6 Books; Being a Continuation of the Famous History of Sir Walter Raleigh, Knight (London, 1652)

Rupert of Deutz, Commentaria in duodecim prophetas minores, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 168, 9–836

Sackur, E., ed., Reuelationes of pseudo-Methodius (first recension), Sibyllinische Texte und Forschungen: PseudoMethodius, Adso und die Tiburtinische Sibylle (Halle, 1898), 59–96

Scragg, D. G., ed., The Vercelli Homilies, Early English Text Society 300 (Oxford, 1992)

Sedulius Scottus, De rectoribus christianis, ed. S. Hellmann, Sedulius Scottus, Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters 1.1 (Munich, 1906), 19–91

Sigebert of Gembloux, Chronica, ed. L. Bethmann, Scriptores 6 (Hanover, 1844), 300–74

Stubbe, H., An Account of the Rise and Progress of Mahometanism: With the Life of Mahomet, ed. H. M. K. Shairani (Lahore, 1954)

Swanton, M., ed. and trans., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (London, 1996)

Taylor, S., ed., The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: MS B, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, ed. D. Dumville and S. Keynes, 4 (Cambridge, 1983)

Trevisa, J., trans., Polychronicon, see Higden, Polychronicon

Urban, Ⅱ, Pope, , Sermones, Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne 151, 561–82

Vaughan, W., The Church Militant: Historically Continued From the Yeare of Our Saviours Incarnation 33 Untill this Present (London, 1640)

Wallace-Hadrill, J. M., ed. and trans., The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar and Its Continuations (London, 1960)

William of Tyre, Chronicon, ed. R. B. C. Huygens, H. E. Mayer and G. Rösch, 2 vols., Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis 63–63A (Brepols, 1986)

Wrenn, C. L. and W. F. Bolton, eds., Beowulf: With the Finnesburg Fragment, 5th edn. (Exeter, 1996)

Wulfstan, Sermo Lupi ad Anglos quando Dani maxime persecuti sunt eos, ed. D. Bethurum, The Homilies of Wulfstan (Oxford, 1957), no. 20 (pp. 261–75)

Abulafia, D., ‘Asia, Africa and the Trade of Medieval Europe’, in The Cambridge Economic History of Europe Ⅱ, ed. M. M. Postan and E. Miller, 2nd edn. (Cambridge, 1987), 402–73

Abulafia, D., ‘The Role of Trade in Muslim-Christian Contact During the Middle Ages’, in The Arab Influence in Medieval Europe, ed. D. A. Agius and R. Hitchcock (Ithaca, 1994), 1–24

Abulafia, D., ‘The Impact of the Orient: Economic Interactions between East and West in the Medieval Mediterranean’, in Across the Mediterranean Frontiers: Trade, Politics and Religion, 650–1450, International Medieval Research 1, ed. D. A. Agius and I. R. Netton (Turnhout, 1997), 1–40

Abstracta Islamica (1984–), in Revue des études islamiques

Adams, J. N. and Deegan, M., ‘Bald's Leechbook and the Physica Plinii’, Anglo-Saxon England 21 (1992), 87–114CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Adams, L., ‘Early Islamic pottery from Flaxengate, Lincoln’, Medieval Archaeology 23–4 (1979–80), 218–9Google Scholar

Alexander, P. J., The Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition, ed. D. de F. Abrahamse (Berkeley, 1985)

Alexander, P. J., ‘Byzantium and the Migration of Literary Works and Motifs: The Legend of the Last Roman Emperor’, no. Ⅻ in his Religious and Political History and Thought in the Byzantine Empire: Collected Essays of Paul J. Alexander (London, 1978)

Allan, J., ‘Offa's Imitation of an Arab Dinar’, Numismatic Chronicle 4th s. 14 (1914), 77–89Google Scholar

Allen, D. F., ‘Edward the Confessor's Gold Penny’, British Numismatic Journal 25 (1945–8), 259–76Google Scholar

Altaner, B., Patrology, tr. H. C. Graef (Freiburg, 1960)

d'Alverny, M. T., ‘Deux traductions latines du Coran au Moyen Age’, no. Ⅰ in her La connaissance de l'Islam dans l'Occident médiéval (Aldershot, 1994; reprinted articles)

d'Alverny, M. T., ‘Pierre le Vénérable et la légende de Mahomet’, no. Ⅲ in her La connaissance de l'Islam dans l'Occident médiéval (Aldershot, 1994; reprinted articles)

d'Alverny, M. T., ‘La connaissance de l'Islam en Occident du Ⅸe au milieu du Ⅻe siècle’, no. Ⅴ in her La connaissance de l'Islam dans l'Occident médiéval (Aldershot, 1994; reprinted articles)

d'Ancona, A., La Leggenda di Maometto in Occidente, 2nd ed. (Bologne, 1912)

Anderson, A., Alexander's Gate, Gog and Magog, and the Inclosed Nations (Cambridge, MA, 1932)

Anlezark, D. C., ‘The Old Testament Patriarchs in Anglo-Saxon England: Abraham and Noah’ (unpublished D.Phil thesis, Oxford, 1997)

Archibald, M. M., ‘The Coinage of Beonna in the Light of the Middle Harling Hoard’, British Numismatic Journal 55 (1985), 10–54Google Scholar

Ashtor, E., ‘Quelques observation d'un Orientalist sur la thèse de Pirenne’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 13 (1970), 166–94Google Scholar

Attridge, H. W. and R. A. Oden, Philo of Byblos: The Phoenician History, Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series 9 (Washington, 1981)

Bancourt, P., Les musulmans dans les chansons de geste du cycle du roi (Aix en Provence, 1982)

Banham, D. A. R., ‘The Knowledge and Uses of Food Plants in Anglo-Saxon England’ (unpublished PhD dissertation, Cambridge, 1990)

Bately, J. M., ‘The Relationship Between Geographical Information in the Old English Orosius and Latin Texts Other Than Orosius’, Anglo-Saxon England 1 (1972), 45–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Battiscombe, C. F., ed., The Relics of St Cuthbert (Oxford, 1956)

Beech, G., ‘England and Aquitaine in the Century before the Norman Conquest’, Anglo-Saxon England 19 (1990), 81–101CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berschin, W., Biographie und Epochenstil im lateinischen Mittelalter, 3 vols., Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters 8–10 (Stuttgart, 1986–1991)

Bischoff, B. and M. Lapidge, Biblical Commentaries from the Canterbury School of Theodore and Hadrian, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 10 (Cambridge, 1994)

Blackburn, M. A. S. and Bonser, M. J., ‘Single Finds of Anglo-Saxon and Norman Coins – 3’, British Numismatic Journal 56 (1986), 64–101Google Scholar

Blunt, C. E., ‘Four Italian Coins Imitating Anglo-Saxon Types’, British Numismatic Journal 25 (3rd s. 5) (1945–8), 282–5Google Scholar

Blunt, C. E., ‘A Gold Penny of Edward the Elder’, British Numismatic Journal 25 (3rd s. 5) (1945–8), 277–81Google Scholar

Blunt, C. E. ‘The Coinage of Offa’, in Anglo-Saxon Coins, ed. R. H. M. Dolley (London, 1961), 39–62

Blunt, C. E. ‘Anglo-Saxon Coins Found in Italy’, in Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memory of Michael Dolley, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn (Leicester, 1986), 159–69

Blunt, C. E. and Dolley, R. H. M., ‘The Anglo-Saxon Coins in the Vatican Library’, British Numismatic Journal 28 (1955–7), 449–58Google Scholar

Bobzin, H., ‘Latin Translations of the Koran: A Short Overview’, Der Islam 70 (1993), 193–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bodden, M. C., ed., The Old English Finding of the True Cross (Cambridge, 1987)

Bogaert, P.-M., ‘La Bible latine des origines au moyen âge: aperçu historique, état des questions’, Revue théologique de Louvain 19 (1988), 137–59 and 276–314CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bolin, S., ‘Mohammed, Charlemagne and Ruric’, Scandinavian Economic History Review 1 (1953), 5–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bonner, G., ‘Bede and Medieval Civilisation’, Anglo-Saxon England 2 (1973), 71–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bonner, G., D. Rollason and C. Stancliffe, ed., St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200 (Woodbridge, 1989)

Bosworth, C. E., The Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Handbook (Edinburgh, 1967)

Bowersock, Roman Arabia (Cambridge, MA and London, 1983)

Braekman, W., ‘Wyrdwriteras: An Unpublished Ælfrician Text in Manuscript Hatton 115’, Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire 44 (1966), 959–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Breckenridge, J. D., ‘The Two Sicilies’, in Islam and the Medieval West, ed. S. Ferber (Binghamton, 1975), 39–59

Breeze, A., ‘Old English ealfara, ‘Pack-Horse’: A Spanish-Arabic Loanword’, Notes and Queries 236 (n.s. 38) (1991), 15–7Google Scholar

Breeze, A., ‘The Transmission of Aldhelm's Writings in Early Medieval Spain’, Anglo-Saxon England 21 (1992), 5–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bridges, M., ‘Of Myths and Maps: The Anglo-Saxon Cosmographer's Europe’, in Writing and Culture, Swiss Papers in English Language and Literature 6, ed. B. Engler (Tübingen, 1992), 69–84

Brock, S. P., ‘Syriac Views of Emergent Islam’, Studies on the First Century of Islamic Society, ed. G. H. A. Joynboll, Papers on Islamic History 5 (Carbondale, 1982), 9–21 and 199–203; repr. as no. Ⅷ in his Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity (London, 1984; reprinted articles)

Brock, S. P., ‘The Syriac Background’, in Archbishop Theodore, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 11, ed. M. Lapidge (Cambridge, 1995), 30–53

Brooks, N. P. and J. A. Graham-Campbell, ‘Reflections on the Viking-Age Silver Hoard from Croydon, Surrey’, in Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memory of Michael Dolley, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn (Leicester, 1986), 91–110

Brown, G. H., Bede the Venerable (Boston, MA, 1987)

Brown, G. H., ‘Latin Writing and the Old English Vernacular’, in Schriftlichkeit im frühen Mittelalter, ScriptOralia 53, ed. U. Schaefer (Tübingen, 1993), 35–57

Brown, G. H., ‘The Dynamics of Literacy’, Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 77 (1995), 109–42Google Scholar

Brown, H., ‘An Islamic Dirhem’, in The Coins and Pottery from Hamwic, Southampton Finds 1, ed. P. Andrews (Southampton, 1988), 25–6

Bruce-Mitford, R., The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial Ⅲ: Late Roman and Byzantine Silver, Hanging Bowls, Drinking Vessels, Cauldrons and Other Containers, Textiles, the Lyre, Pottery Bottle and Other Items, ed. A. Care Evans, 2 vols. (London, 1983)

Burnett, C., ed., La transmission des textes philosophiques et scientifiques au Moyen Age (Aldershot, 1994)

Burnett, C., ed., Pensée médiévale en Occident: théologie, magie et autres textes des Ⅻe–ⅩⅢe siècles (Aldershot, 1995)

Burnett, C., The Introduction of Arabic Learning into England, The Panizzi Lectures 1996 (London, 1997)

Burnett, C., ‘Cultural Contacts Between Christans and Muslims in Northern Spain in the Middle Ages’, Bulletin of the Confraternity of Saint James 42 (1992), 22–5Google Scholar

Butterworth, C. E. and B. A. Kessel, ed., The Introduction of Arabic Philosophy into Europe (Leiden, 1994)

Cahen, C., ‘Note sur l'accueil des chrétiens d'Orient à l'Islam’, Revue de l'histoire des religions 166 (1964), 51–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cahen, C., ‘Quelques problèmes concernant l'expansion économique musulmane au haut moyen age’, Settimane di studio del centro Italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo 12 (1965), 391–432Google Scholar

Cahen, C., ‘Commercial Relations Between the Near East and Western Europe from the Ⅶth to the Ⅹth Century’, in Islam and the Medieval West: Aspects of Intercultural Relations, Papers Presented at the Ninth Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton 1, ed. K. I. Semaan (Albany, NY, 1980), 1–25

The Cambridge History of Islam, ed. P. M. Holt, A. K. S. Lambton and B. Lewis, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1970)

Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), A., ‘The Byzantine Reconquest of North Africa and the Impact of Greek Culture’, Graeco-Arabica 5 (1993), 153–65Google Scholar

Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), M. L., Anglo-Saxon Medicine (Cambridge and New York, 1993)

Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), M. L., ‘The Sources of Medical Knowledge in Anglo-Saxon England’, Anglo-Saxon England 11 (1982), 135–55Google Scholar

Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), M. L., ‘Bald's “Leechbook”: Its Sources and Their Use in Its Compilation’, Anglo-Saxon England 12 (1983), 153–82Google Scholar

Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), M. L., ‘Bald's Leechbook and Cultural Interactions in Anglo-Saxon England’, Anglo-Saxon England 19 (1990), 5–12Google Scholar

Campbell, M. The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing 400–1600 (Cornell, 1988)

Carlyon-Britton, P. W. P., ‘The Gold Mancus of Offa, King of Mercia’, British Numismatic Journal 1st s. 5 (1908), 55–72Google Scholar

Carrier, J. G., Occidentalism: Images of the West (Oxford, 1995)

Carver, M. O. H., ‘Pre-Viking Traffic in the North Sea’, in Maritime Celts, Frisians and Saxons, Council for British Archaeology Report 71, ed. S. McGrail (London, 1990), 117–25

Chejne, A., ‘The Role of al-Andalus in the Movement of Ideas Between Islam and the West’, in Islam and the Medieval West: Aspects of Intercultural Relations, Papers Presented at the Ninth Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton 1, ed. K. I. Semaan (Albany, NY, 1980), 110–33

Chibnall, M., The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, 6 vols. (Oxford, 1969–80)

Christides, V., ‘Raid and Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Treatise by Muhammad bn. Umar, the faqih from Occupied Moslem Crete, and the Rhodian Sea Law, Two Parallel Texts’, Graeco-Arabica 5 (1993), 63–102Google Scholar

Clanchy, M. T., From Memory to Written Record: England 1066–1307 (London, 1979)

Clayton, M., ‘Hermits and the Contemplative Life in Anglo-Saxon England’, in Holy Men and Holy Women: Old English Prose Saints’ Lives and Their Contexts, ed. P. E. Szarmach, SUNY Series in Medieval Studies (Albany, NY, 1996), 147–75

Clemoes, P. A. M., ‘The Chronology of Ælfric's Works’, in The Anglo-Saxons: Studies in Some Aspects of Their History and Culture Presented to Bruce Dickins, ed. P. A. M. Clemoes (London, 1959), 212–47

Coin Register, 1994, ed. E. M. Besly and N. M. McQ. Holmes, British Numismatic Journal 64 (1994), 134–63

Coin Register, 1995, ed. E. M. Besly and N. M. McQ. Holmes, British Numismatic Journal 65 (1995), 227–51

Collins, R., ‘Spain: The Northern Kingdoms and the Basques, 711–910’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History Ⅱ, ed. R. McKitterick (Cambridge, 1995), 272–89

Conrad, L., ‘Epidemic Disease in Central Syria in the Late Sixth Century: Some New Insights from the Verse of Hassān ibn Thābit’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 18 (1994), 12–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Constantelos, D. J., ‘The Moslem Conquests of the Near East as Revealed in the Greek Sources of the Seventh and Eighth Centuries’, Byzantion 42 (1972), 325–57Google Scholar

Cook, M. A., Muhammad (Oxford, 1996)

Corrêa, A., ed., The Durham Collectar, Henry Bradshaw Society 107 (London, 1992)

Courbage, Y., and P. Fargues, Christians and Jews under Islam, tr. J. Mabro (London, 1997)

Crone, P., Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam (Oxford, 1984)

Crone, P. and M. Cook, Hagarism: the Making of the Islamic World (Cambridge, 1977)

Cross, J. E., ‘The Apostles in the Old English Martyrology’, Mediaevalia 5 (1979), 15–59Google Scholar

Cross, J. E., ‘On the Library of the Old English Martyrologist’, in Learning and Literature in Anglo-Saxon England: Studies Presented to Peter Clemoes on the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday, ed. M. Lapidge and H. Gneuss (Cambridge, 1985), 227–49

Courbages, Y., and P. Fargues, Christians and Jews under Islam (London, 1977)

Dallmayr, F. R., Beyond Orientalism: Essays on Cross-Cultural Encounter (Albany, NY, 1996)

Dalrymple, W., White Mughals: Love and Betrayal in Eighteenth-Century India (London, 2002)

Daniel, N., The Arabs and Mediaeval Europe, 2nd ed. (London, 1979)

Daniel, N., Heroes and Saracens: An interpretation of the chansons de geste (Edinburgh, 1984)

Daniel, N., Islam and the West: The Making of an Image, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1993)

Daniel, N., ‘The Impact of Islam on the Laity in Europe from Charlemagne to Charles the Bold’, in Islam: Past Influence and Present Challenge, ed. A. T. Welch and P. Cachia (Edinburgh, 1979), 105–25

Daniel, N., ‘The Critical Approach to Arab Society in the Middle Ages’, Annales Islamologiques 17 (1981), 31–52Google Scholar

Daniel, N., ‘Edward Said and the Orientalists’, Mélanges: Institut Dominicain d’Études Orientales du Caire 15 (1982), 211–21Google Scholar

Daniel, N., (rev. article of Rotter, Abendland und Sarazenen)al-Masāq 1 (1988), 39–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dekkers, E. and E. Gaar, Clavis Patrum Latinorum, 3rd ed. (Steenbrugge, 1995)

Delcor, M., ‘Le culte de la ‘Reine du Ciel’ selon Jer 7,18; 44, 17–19, 25 et ses survivances’, in Von Kanaan bis Kerala: Festschrift für Prof. Mag. Dr. Dr. J. P. M. van der Ploeg O. P. zur Vollendung des siebzigsten Lebensjahres am 4. Juli 1979, Alter Orient und altes Testament: Veröffentlichungen zur Kultur und Geschichte des alten Orients und des alten Testaments 211, ed. W. C. Delsman et al. (Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1982), 101–22

Dennett, D. C., Conversion and the Poll-Tax in Early Islam (Cambridge, MA, 1950)

Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible, ed. K. van der Toorn, B. Becking and P. W. van der Horst (Leiden, New York and Cologne, 1995)

Dobbie, E. V. K., The Anglo-Saxon Minor Poems, Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records 6 (New York, 1942)

Dolley, R. H. M., ‘A Neglected but Vital Yorkshire Hoard’, British Numismatic Journal 28 (1955–7), 11–17Google Scholar

Dolley, R. H. M., ‘A Spanish Dirham found in England’, Numismatic Chronicle, 6th s. 17–18 (1957–8), 242–3Google Scholar

Dolley, R. H. M., ‘A Hoard of Anglo-Saxon Pennies from Sicily’, Numismatic Chronicle, 7th s. 1 (1961), 151–62Google Scholar

Dolley, R. H. M. and Shiel, N., ‘A Hitherto Unsuspected Oriental Element in the 1840 Cuerdale Hoard’, Numismatic Chronicle 142 (1982), 155–6Google Scholar

Donner, F. M., The Early Islamic Conquests (Princeton, 1991)

Ducellier, A., Le miroir de l'Islam: Musulmans et chrétiens d'Orient au moyen âge, 7e-11e siècles (Paris, 1971)

Duckworth, G. E., ‘Classical Echoes in St. Jerome's Life of Malchus’, The Classical Bulletin 24 (1947–8), 28–9Google Scholar

Duplessy, J., ‘La circulation des monnaies arabes en Europe occidentale du Ⅷe au ⅩⅢe siècle’, Revue Numismatique 5e s. 18 (1956), 101–163Google Scholar

Eastwood, B., ‘The Astronomies of Pliny, Martianus Capella and Isidore of Seville in the Carolingian World’, P. L. Butzer and D. Lohrmann, ed., Science in Western and Eastern Civilisation in Carolingian Times (Basel, 1993), 161–80

Edmonds, B. P., ‘Le portrait des Sarrasins dans la “Chanson de Roland”’, The French Review 44 (1971), 870–80Google Scholar

Edwards, A. S. G., ‘The Influence and Audience of the Polychronicon: Some Observations’, Proceedings of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society 17 (1980), 113–9Google Scholar

Ellmers, D., ‘The Frisian Monopoly of Coastal Transport in the Sixth to Eighth Centuries’, in Maritime Celts, Frisians and Saxons, Council for British Archaeology Report 71, ed. S. McGrail (London, 1990), 91–2

Encyclopedia of Islam, ed. M. T. Houtsma et al., 4 vols. and supplement (Leiden and London, 1913–38)

Encyclopedia of Islam, ed. H. A. R. Gibb et al., 2nd ed., 11 vols. and supplements (Leiden and London, 1960–)

Erdmann, C., The Origin of the Idea of Crusade, tr. M. W. Baldwin and W. Goffart (Princeton, NJ, 1977)

Erzgräber, W., ‘The Beginnings of a Written Literature in Old English Times’, in The Living Middle Ages: Studies in Mediaeval English Literature and Its Traditions: A Festschrift for Karl Heinz Göller, ed. U. Böker, M. Markus and R. Schöwerling (Stuttgart, 1989), 25–43

Evans, A. C., The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial (London, 1986)

d'Evelyn, C., ‘The Middle-English Metrical Version of the Revelations of Methodius; With a Study of the Influence of Methodius in Middle-English Writings, Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 33 (1918), 135–203CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fahd, T., Le pantheon de l'Arabie centrale à la veille de l'Hégire (Paris, 1968)

Fahmy, A. M., Muslim Sea-Power in the Eastern Mediterranean, from the Seventh to the Tenth Century A. D. (London, 1950)

Farrell, R. T., ‘The Archer and Associated Figures on the Ruthwell Cross – A Reconsideration’, in Bede and Anglo-Saxon England: Papers in Honour of the 1300th Anniversary of the Birth of Bede, Given at Cornell University in 1973 and 1974, British Archaeological Reports 46, ed. R. T. Farrell (Oxford, 1978), 96–117

Fattal, A., Le statut légal des non-musulmans en pays d'Islam, Recherches publiées sous la direction de l'Institut des lettres Orientales de Beyrouth 10 (Beirut, 1958)

Fletcher, R., The Conversion of Europe: From Paganism to Christianity, 371–1386 AD (London, 1997)

Flori, J., ‘La caricature de l'Islam dans l'Occident mediéval: Origine et signification de quelques stéréotypes concernant l'Islam’, Aevum 66 (1992), 245–56Google Scholar

Fohrer, G., trans. D. E. Green, History of Israelite Religion (London, 1973)

Fontaine, J. and C. Pietri, Le monde latin antique et la Bible (Paris, 1985)

Forsyth, N., The Old Enemy: Satan and the Combat Myth (Princeton, NJ, 1987)

Frank, D., ed., The Jews of Medieval Islam: Community, Society and Identity: Proceedings of an International Conference Held by the Institute of Jewish Studies, UCL, 1992, Études sur le judaisme mediéval 16 (New York, 1995)

Frank, R. and A. Frank and Cameron, A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (cited by item number), ed., A Plan for the Dictionary of Old English (Toronto and Buffalo, 1973)

Frantzen, A. J. Desire for Origins: New Language, Old English, and Teaching the Tradition (New Brunswick and London, 1990)

Fuchs, R. and D. Oltrogge, ‘Colour Material and Painting Technique in the Book of Kells’, in The Book of Kells: Proceedings of a Conference at Trinity College, Dublin, 6–9 September 1992, ed. F. O'Mahoney (Cambridge, 1994), 133–71

Gabrieli, F., A Short History of the Arabs, tr. S. Attanasio (London, 1965)

Gabrieli, F., Muhammad and the Conquests of Islam, tr. V. Luling and R. Linell (London, 1968)

Gameson, R., The Manuscripts of Early Norman England ( c . 1066–1130) (Oxford, 1999)

Gervers, M. and R. J. Bikhazi, ed., Conversion and Continuity: Indigenous Christian Communities in Islamic Lands, Eighth to Eighteenth Centuries, Papers in Mediaeval Studies 9 (Toronto, 1990)

Gilchrist, J. T., ‘The Erdmann Thesis and the Canon Law, 1083–1141’, in Crusade and Settlement: Papers Read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades in the Latin East, ed. P. W. Edbury (Cardiff, 1985), 37–45

Gliksberg, M., ed., Current Contents of Periodicals on the Middle East (Tel Aviv, 1981–)

Gneuss, H., Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100 (Arizona, 2001)

Goffart, W., The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (Princeton, NJ, 1988)

Goody, J., The Interface Betwen the Written and the Oral (Cambridge, 1987)

Graham, W. A., Beyond the Written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion (Cambridge, 1987)

Granger-Taylor, H., ‘The Inscription on the Nature Goddess Silk’, in St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200, ed. G. Bonner, D. Rollason and C. Stancliffe (Woodbridge, 1989), 339–41

Granger-Taylor, H., ‘The Weft-Patterned Silks and Their Braid: The Remains of an Anglo-Saxon Dalmatic of c. 800?’, in St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200, ed. G. Bonner, D. Rollason and C. Stancliffe (Woodbridge, 1989), 303–27

Green, D. H., Medieval Listening and Reading: The Primary Reception of German Literature 800–1300 (Cambridge, 1994)

Gregoire, H., ‘Des dieux Cahu, Baratron, Tervagant et maint autres dieux non moins extravagants’, Annuaire de Philologie et d'Histoire Orientale et Slave 7 (1939–40), 451–72Google Scholar

Gretsch, M., The Intellectual Foundations of the English Benedictine Reform, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 25 (Cambridge, 1999)

Gribomont, J., ‘Les plus anciennes traductions latines’, in Le monde latin antique et la Bible, ed. J. Fontaine and C. Pietri (Paris, 1985), 43–65

Grierson, P., ‘Commerce in the Dark Ages: a Critique of the Evidence’, no. Ⅱ in his Dark Age Numismatics: Selected Studies by Philip Grierson, (London, 1979)

von Grunebaum, G. E., Medieval Islam: A Study in Cultural Orientation (Chicago, 1953)

Guillaume, A., The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah (Karachi, 1987)

Hamidullah, M., ‘Nouveaux documents sur les rapports de l'Europe avec l'Orient musulman au moyen âge’, Arabica 6 (1959), 281–98Google Scholar

Haskins, C. H., Studies in the History of Medieval Science, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, MA, 1927; republ. New York, 1960)

Hempel, W., ‘A Catalogue of Near Eastern Venus-Deities’, Syro-Mesopotamian Studies 4 (1982), 9–22Google Scholar

Herzfeld, G., ed., An Old English Martyrology, Early English Text Society 116 (London, 1900)

Higgins, C., ‘Some New Thoughts on the Nature Goddess Silk’, in St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200, ed. G. Bonner, D. Rollason and C. Stancliffe (Woodbridge, 1989), 329–37

Hill, J., ed., Old English Minor Heroic Poems, Durham and St Andrews Medieval Texts 4 (Durham, 1983)

Hill, R. M., ‘The Christian View of the Muslims at the Time of the First Crusade’, in The Eastern Mediterranean Lands in the Period of the Crusades, ed. P. M. Holt (Warminster, 1977), 1–8

Hill, T. D., ‘Some Remarks on “The Site of Lucifer's Throne”’, Anglia 87 (1969), 303–11Google Scholar

Hillgarth, J. N., ‘Ireland and Spain in the Seventh Century’, Peritia 3 (1984), 1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar

An Historical Atlas of Islam, W. C. Brice (Leiden, 1981)

Hitti, P. K., History of Syria (London, 1951)

Hodgson, M. G. S., The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilisation, 3 vols. (Chicago and London, 1974)

Hommel, F., Ethnologie und Geographie des alten Orients, Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaften 3, 1, Ⅰ (Munich, 1926)

Hovén, B. E., ‘On Oriental Coins in Scandinavia’, in Viking-Age Coinage in the Northern Lands: The Sixth Oxford Symposium on Coinage and Monetary History, 2 vols., BAR International Series 122, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn and D. M. Metcalf (Oxford, 1981), Ⅰ, 119–28

Hoyland, R., Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam, Studies in Late Antiquity and Early Islam 13 (Princeton, NJ, 1997)

Hugget, J. W., ‘Imported Grave Goods and the Early Anglo-Saxon Economy’, Medieval Archaeology 32 (1988), 63–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huisman, R., ‘Subjectivity/Orality: How Relevant Are Modern Literary Theories to the Study of Old English Poetry? What Light Can the Study of Old English Poetry Cast on Modern Literary Theory?’ in The Preservation and Transmission of Anglo-Saxon Culture: Selected Papers from the 1991 Meeting of the International Society of Anglo-Saxonists, Studies in Medieval Culture 40, ed. P. E. Szarmach and J. T. Rosenthal (Kalamazoo, MI, 1997), 313–31

Humphreys, R. S., Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry (Princeton, NJ, 1991)

Hunt, E. D., Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Later Roman Empire AD 312–460 (Oxford, 1982)

Hunter Blair, P., The World of Bede (Cambridge, 1970)

Hurst, T. D., ‘The Epistle-Treatise: An Apologetic Vehicle: Letter 34 of Timothy Ⅰ’, in Ⅳ Symposium Syriacum 1984: Literary Genres in Syriac Literature, Orientalia Christiana Analecta 229, ed. H. J. W. Drijvers et al. (Rome, 1987), 367–82

Hussain, A., R. Olson and J. Qureshi, ed., Orientalism, Islam, and Islamists (Vermont, 1984)

Index Islamicus 1906–1955, ed. J. D. Pearson (with supplements for 1956–60, 1961–65, 1966–1970; annual supplements for 1971–75; published quarterly since 1977)

The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed. G. A. Buttrick et al. (New York and Nashville, 1962)

Irvine, M., The Making of Textual Culture: ‘Grammatica’ and Literary Theory, 350–1100 (Cambridge, 1994)

Jenkins, R. J. H., ‘Leo Choerosphactes and the Saracen Vizier’, no. Ⅺ in his Studies on the Byzantine History of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (London, 1970; reprinted articles)

Jenkins, R. J. H., ‘The Date of Leo Ⅵ's Cretan Expedition’, no. ⅩⅣ in his Studies on the Byzantine History of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (London, 1970; reprinted articles)

Jenkins, R. J. H., ‘The Emperor Alexander and the Saracen Prisoners’, no. ⅩⅤ in his Studies on the Byzantine History of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (London, 1970; reprinted articles)

Jenkins, R. J. H., ‘The Mission of St Demetrianus of Cyprus to Baghdad’, no. ⅩⅥ in his Studies on the Byzantine History of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (London, 1970; reprinted articles)

Jenkins, R. J. H., ‘Cyprus Between Byzantium and Islam, A.D. 688–965’, no. ⅩⅩⅡ in his Studies on the Byzantine History of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (London, 1970; reprinted articles)

Jones, C. M., ‘The Conventional Saracen of the Songs of Geste’, Speculum 17 (1942), 201–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Juel-Jensen, B. and Munro-Hay, S., ‘Further Examples of Coins of Offa Inspired by Aksumite Designs’, Numismatic Circular 102 (1994), 256–7Google Scholar

Jung, L., Fallen Angels in Jewish, Christian and Mohammedan Literature (Philadelphia, 1926)

Kaegi, W. E., Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests (Cambridge, 1992)

Kaegi, W. E., ‘Initial Byzantine Reactions to the Arab Conquest’, Church History 38 (1969), 139–49, repr. in his Army, Society and Religion in Byzantium (London, 1982), no. ⅩⅢCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kaegi, W. E., ‘Byzantine Egypt During the Arab Invasions of Palestine and Syria: Some Observations’, American Research Centre in Egypt Newsletter 21 (1983), 11–15Google Scholar

Kamesar, A., Jerome, Greek Scholarship, and the Hebrew Bible (Oxford, 1993)

Kedar, B. Z., Crusade and Mission: European Approaches Toward the Muslims (Princeton, NJ, 1984)

Kedar, B. Z., ‘De Iudeis et Sarracenis: On the Categorization of Muslims in Medieval Canon Law’, Studia in honorem eminentissimi cardinalis Alphonsi M. Stickler, Studia et textus historiae iuris canonici 7, ed. R. J. Castillo Lara (Rome, 1992), 207–13

Kelly, J. N. D., Jerome: His Life, Writings, and Controversies (London, 1975)

Kelly, K. A., ‘“Blue” Indians, Ethiopians, and Saracens in Middle English Narrative Texts’, Parergon n.s. 11 (1993), 35–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kelly, S., ‘Anglo-Saxon Lay Society and the Written Word’, in The Uses of Literacy in Early Medieval Europe, ed. R. McKitterick (Cambridge, 1990), 36–62

Kennedy, H., ‘Arab Settlement on the Byzantine Frontier in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries’ Yayla 2 (1979), 22–4Google Scholar

Kennedy, H., ‘Byzantine-Arab Diplomacy in the Near East from the Islamic Conquests to the Mid Eleventh Century’, in Byzantine Diplomacy: Papers from the 24th Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Cambridge, 1990, ed. J. Shepard and S. Franklin (Aldershot, 1992), 133–43

Kennedy, H., ‘The Muslims in Europe’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History Ⅱ, ed. R. McKitterick (Cambridge, 1995), 249–71

Kenny, M., ‘An Early Tenth Century Samanid Half Dirham from Millockstown, Co. Louth’, Numismatic Circular 102 (1994), 156Google Scholar

Kent, J. P. C., ‘A South Italian Imitation of an Anglo-Saxon Penny’, British Numismatic Journal 28 (1955–7), 649Google Scholar

Keynes, S. and M. Lapidge, trans., Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources (Harmondsworth, 1983)

Khoury, A.-T., Les théologiens byzantins et l'Islam: textes et auteurs Ⅶe-ⅩⅢesiècles (Paris, 1969)

Kimmens, A. C., ed., The Stowe Psalter (Toronto and Buffalo, 1979)

Kirby, D. P., ‘Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum: Its Contemporary Setting’, in Bede and His World: The Jarrow Lectures, ed. M. Lapidge, 2 vols. (Aldershot, 1994), Ⅱ, 903–926

Koutrakou, N. A., ‘The Image of the Arabs in Middle Byzantine Politics: A Study in the Enemy Principle (8th to 10th Centuries)’, Graeco-Arabica 5 (1993), 211–24Google Scholar

Kyrris, C. P., ‘The Nature of the Arab-Byzantine Relations in Cyprus from the Middle of the Seventh to the Middle of the Tenth Century AD’, Graeco-Arabica 3 (1984), 149–75Google Scholar

Laistner, M. L. W., Thought and Letters in Western Europe, AD 500–900, rev. ed. (London, 1957)

Lamoreaux, J. C., ‘Early Eastern Christian Responses to Islam’, in Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam, ed. J. V. Tolan (New York, 1996), 3–31

Lapidge, M., Anglo-Latin Literature 900–1066 (London, 1993)

Lapidge, M., Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996)

Lapidge, M., ‘Israel the Grammarian in Anglo-Saxon England’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 900–1066 (London, 1993), 87–104

Lapidge, M., ‘Schools, Learning and Literature in Tenth-Century England’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 900–1066 (London, 1993), 1–48

Lapidge, M., ‘Surviving Booklists from Anglo-Saxon England’, in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: Basic Readings, ed. M. P. Richards (New York and London, 1994), 87–167

Lapidge, M., ‘Anglo-Latin Literature’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 1–35

Lapidge, M., ‘Beowulf, Aldhelm, the Liber Monstrorum and Wessex’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 271–311

Lapidge, M., ‘The Career of Archbishop Theodore’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 93–121

Lapidge, M., ‘An Isidorian Epitome from Early Anglo-Saxon England’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 183–23

Lapidge, M., ‘Latin Learning in Ninth-Century England’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 409–39

Lapidge, M., ‘The School of Theodore and Hadrian’, in his Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899 (London, 1996), 141–68

Lapidge, M. and M. Herren, trans., Aldhelm: The Prose Works (Cambridge, 1979)

Lapidge, M. and J. L. Rosier, trans., Aldhelm: The Poetic Works (Cambridge, 1985)

Lapidus, I. M., A History of Islamic Societies (Cambridge, 1988)

Laureys, M. and D. Verhelst, ‘Pseudo-Methodius, Reuelationes: Textgeschichte und kritische Edition: Ein Leuven-Groninger Forschungsprojekt’, in The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, Mediaevalia Lovaniensia 1st s. 15, ed. W. Verbeke, D. Verhelst and A. Welkenhuysen (Leuven, 1988), 112–36

Lebecq, S., Marchands et navigateurs frisons du haut Moyen Age, 2 vols. (Lille, 1983)

Lebecq, S., ‘On the Use of the Word “Frisian” in the Sixth to Tenth Centuries’ Written Sources: Some Interpretations’, Maritime Celts, Frisians and Saxons, Council for British Archaeology Report 71, ed. S. McGrail (London, 1990)

Lévi-Provençal, E., Histoire de l'Espagne musulmane, 3 vols. (Paris, 1950–3)

Lewis, B., The Arabs in History (London, 1966)

Lewis, B., Islam and the West (New York, 1993)

Lewis, B., The Muslim Discovery of Europe (London, 1994)

Lieber, A. E., ‘International Trade and Coinage in the Northern Lands during the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction’, in Viking-Age Coinage in the Northern Lands: The Sixth Oxford Symposium on Coinage and Monetary History, 2 vols., BAR International Series 122, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn and D. M. Metcalf (Oxford, 1981), Ⅰ, 1–34

Welin, Linder U. S., ‘Some Rare Sāmānid Dirhams and the Origin of the Word “Mancusus”’, Congresso Internazionale di Numismatica Roma 11–16 Settembre 1961 (Rome, 1961–) Ⅱ, 499–507Google Scholar

Welin, Linder U. S., ‘Elias Brenners Arabiska GuldPenning och Andra Dinarer Funna Ⅰ Sverige’, Nordisk Numismatisk Årsskrift 1964, 5–25Google Scholar

Lolos, A., Die Apokalypse des Ps.-Methodios (Meisenheim am Glan, 1976)

Lolos, A., Die dritte und vierte Redaktion des Ps.-Methodius, Beiträge zur klassischen Philologie 94 (Meisenheim am Glan, 1978)

Lombard, M., The Golden Age of Islam (Amsterdam and Oxford, 1975)

Lombard, M., ‘L'or musulman du Ⅶe au Ⅺe siècle: Les bases monetaires d'une suprematie économique’, Annales: économies, sociétés, civilisations 2 (1947), 143–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lopez, R. S., ‘The Trade of Medieval Europe: The South’, M. M. Postan and E. Miller, ed., The Cambridge Economic History of Europe Ⅱ, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1987), 257–354

Lowick, N. M., ‘A New Type of Solidus Mancus’, Numismatic Chronicle, 7th s. 13 (1973), 173–82Google Scholar

Lowick, N. M., ‘The Kufic Coins from Cuerdale’, British Numismatic Journal 66 (1976), 19–28Google Scholar

Luebeck, E., Hieronymus quos nouerit scriptores et ex quibus hauserit (Leipzig, 1872)

Maier, C. T., Preaching the Crusades: Mendicant Friars and the Cross in the Thirteenth Century (Cambridge, 1994)

Maier, C. T., Crusade Propaganda and Ideology (Cambridge, 2000)

Makdisi, G., ‘The Scholastic Method in Medieval Education: An Inquiry into Its Origins in Law and Theology’, Speculum 49 (1974), 640–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Makdisi, G., ‘Interaction between Islam and the West’, Revue des Études Islamiques 54 (1976), 273–312Google Scholar

Mango, M. M., Mango, C. and Evans, A. Care, ‘A Sixth-Century Mediterranean Bucket from Bromeswell Parish, Suffolk’, Antiquity 63 (1989), 295–311CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mani, L. and Frankenberg, R., ‘The Challenge of Orientalism’, Economy and Society 14 (1985), 174–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maraval, P., Lieux saints et pèlerinages d'Orient: Histoire et géographie des origines à la conquête arabe (Paris, 1985)

Marsden, R., The Text of the Old Testament in Anglo-Saxon England, Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 15 (Cambridge, 1995)

Martinez, F. J., ‘The Apocalyptic Genre in Syriac: The World of Pseudo-Methodius’, in Ⅳ Symposium Syriacum 1984: Literary Genres in Syriac Literature, Orientalia Christiana Analecta 229, ed. H. J. W. Drijvers et al. (Rome, 1987) 337–52

Matar, N., Islam in Britain 1558–1685 (Cambridge, 1998)

Mateu, Y.Llopis, F. and Dolley, R. H. M., ‘A Small Find of Anglo-Saxon Pennies from Roncesvalles’, British Numismatic Journal 27 (3rd s. 7) (1952–4), 89–91Google Scholar

Mayer, R., The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques, 5th ed., rev. S. Sheehan (London and Boston, 1991)

Mayr-Harting, The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England, 3rd ed. (London, 1991)

Mazzaoui, M. M., ‘The Conquest of Alexandria According to the Early Arab Historians: A Critical Appraisal’, Graeco-Arabica 5 (1993), 167–76Google Scholar

McCluskey, S. C., ‘Astronomies in the Latin West from the Fifth to the Ninth Centuries’, in Science in Western and Eastern Civilisation in Carolingian Times, ed. P. L. Butzer and D. Lohrmann (Basel, 1993), 139–60

McCormick, M., ‘Byzantium and the West’, The New Cambridge Medieval History Ⅱ, ed. R. McKitterick (Cambridge, 1995), 349–80

McKitterick, R., ed., The New Cambridge Medieval History Ⅱ: c. 700-c. 900 (Cambridge, 1995)

McPherson, C., ‘The Sea a Desert: Early English Spirituality and The Seafarer’, American Benedictine Review 38 (1987), 115–26Google Scholar

Meadows, I. ‘The Arabs in Occitania’, Aramco World 44 ⅱ (1993), 24–9Google Scholar

Meehan, D., ed., Adamnan's De Locis Sanctis, Scriptores Latini Hiberniae 3 (Dublin, 1958)

Meier, H. H., ‘Writing and Medieval Culture’, in Writing and Culture, Swiss Papers in English Language and Literature 6, ed. B. Engler (Tübingen, 1992), 33–52

Mellinkoff, R., ‘The Round, Cap-Shaped Hats on Jews in British Library Cotton Claudius B.ⅳ’, Anglo-Saxon England 2 (1973), 155–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mellinkoff, R., ‘Cain's Monstrous Progeny in Beowulf: part Ⅰ, Noachic Tradition’, Anglo-Saxon England 8 (1979), 143–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mellinkoff, R., ‘Cain's Monstrous Progeny in Beowulf: part Ⅱ, Post-Diluvian Survival’, Anglo-Saxon England 9 (1981), 183–97Google Scholar

Metcalf, D. M., ‘The Monetary History of England in the Tenth Century Viewed in the Perspective of the Eleventh Century’, in Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memory of Michael Dolley, ed. M. A. S. Blackburn (Leicester, 1986), 133–57

Metcalf, D. M., (review of Grierson and Blackburn, Medieval European Coinage)British Numismatic Journal 56 (1986), 191Google Scholar

Metlitzki, D., The Matter of Araby in Medieval England (New Haven and London, 1977)

Metzger, B. M., The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations (Oxford, 1977)

Meyendorff, J., ‘Byzantine Views of Islam’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 18 (1964), 115–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Michel, F., Recherches sur le commerce, la fabrication et l'usage des étoffes de soie, d'or et d'argent et autres tissus précieux en Occident, principalement en France pendant le Moyen Age, 2 vols. (Paris, 1852–4)

A Microfiche Concordance to Old English, R. L. Venezky and A. DiPaolo Healey (Newark, DE, 1980–3)

Mierow, C. C., trans., The Letters of St Jerome Ⅰ, Ancient Christian Writers 33 (Westminster, 1963)

Miquel, A., ‘L'Europe occidentale dans la relation arabe d'Ibrâhîm b. Ya'qÛb (Xe. s.)’, Annales: économies, sociétés, civilisations 21 (1966), 1048–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miscellanea, , Numismatic Chronicle 9 (1846–7), 85

Montgomery, J. A., Arabia and the Bible (Philadelphia, 1934)

Moorhead, J., ‘The Monophysite Response to the Arab Invasions’, Byzantion 51 (1981), 579–91Google Scholar

Moreno, E. M., ‘Christian-Muslim Frontier in Al-Andalus: Idea and Reality’, in The Arab Influence in Medieval Europe, ed. D. A. Agius and R. Hitchcock (Reading, 1994), 83–99

Morony, M. G.(review of Crone and Cook, Hagarism), Journal of Near Eastern Studies 41 (1982), 157–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Munro, D. C., ‘The Western Attitude toward Islam during the Period of the Crusades’, Speculum 6 (1931), 329–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murray, A., ‘The Sword is Our Pope’, London Review of Books (15 October 1998), 16–17Google Scholar

Muthesius, A., ‘Silks and Saints: The Rider and Peacock Silks from the Relics of St Cuthbert’, in St Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community to AD 1200, ed. G. Bonner, D. Rollason and C. Stancliffe (Woodbridge, 1989), 343–66

Muthesius, A., ‘Silken Diplomacy’, J. Shepard and S. Franklin, ed., Byzantine Diplomacy: Papers from the 24th Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Cambridge, 1990 (Aldershot, 1992), 237–48

Muthesius, A., ‘The Byzantine Silk Industry: Lopez and Beyond’, Journal of Medieval History 19 (1993), 1–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Near, M. R., ‘Anticipating Alienation: Beowulf and the Intrusion of Literacy’, Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 108 (1993), 320–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Neues Bibel-Lexikon, ed. M. Görg and B. Lang (Zurich, 1991-)

The New Westminster Dictionary of the Bible, H. S. Gehman (Philadelphia, 1970)

Nightingale, P., ‘The London Pepperers’ Guild and Some Twelfth-Century English Trading Links with Spain’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 58 (1985), 123–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar

North, J. J., English Hammered Coinage, 2 vols. (London, 1994)

O'Brien O'Keeffe, K., Visible Song: Transitional Literacy in Old English Verse (Cambridge, 1990)

O'Brien O'Keeffe, K., ‘The Geographic List of Solomon and Saturn Ⅱ’, Anglo-Saxon England 20 (1991), 123–41Google Scholar

Ogle, , ‘Petrus Comestor, Methodius and the Saracens’, Speculum 21 (1946), 318–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ohlgren, T. H., Insular and Anglo-Saxon Illuminated Manuscripts: An Iconographic Catalogue, c. AD 625–1100 (New York and London, 1986)

Olson, D. R., ‘Interpreting Texts and Interpreting Nature: The Effects of Literacy on Hermeneutics and Epistemology’, in The Written Word: Studies in Literate Thought and Action, ed. R. Säljö (Berlin, 1988), 123–38

Olyan, S. M., ‘Some Observations Concerning the Identity of the Queen of Heaven’, Ugarit-Forschungen 19 (1987), 161–74Google Scholar

O'Neill, P., ‘On the Date, Provenance and Relationship of the Solomon and Saturn dialogues’, Anglo-Saxon England 26 (1997), 139–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ong, W. J. Interfaces of the Word (Ithaca and London, 1977)

Ong, W. J. ‘Writing is a Technology That Restructures Thought’, in The Written Word: Literacy in Transition, Wolfson College Lectures 1985, ed. G. Baumann (Oxford, 1986), 22–50

Opland, J., ‘From Horseback to Monastic Cell: The Impact on English Literature of the Introduction of Writing’, in Old English Literature in Context, ed. J. D. Niles (Cambridge, 1980), 30–43

Orchard, A. P. M., Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf-Manuscript (Cambridge, 1995)

The Oxford Companion to the Bible, ed. B. M. Metzger and M. D. Coogan (New York and Oxford, 1993)

Palmer, A., ed., The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles (Liverpool, 1993)

Patlagean, E., ‘Byzance et les marchés du grand commerce, vers 830-vers 1030: Entre Pirenne et Polanyi’, Settimane di studio del centro Italiano di studi sull'alto medioevo 40 (1992), 587–629Google Scholar

Pearson, M. N., Pious Passengers: The Hajj in Earlier Times (London, 1994)

Pellat, Y. and , C., ‘L'idée de Dieu chez les Sarrasins des chansons de geste’, Studia Islamica 22 (1965), 5–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Perlmann, M., ‘Eleventh-Century Andalusian Authors on the Jews of Granada’, Proceedings, American Academy for Jewish Research 18 (1948–49), 269–290CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Peters, E., ed., The First Crusade: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source Materials (Philadelphia, 1971)

Pirenne, H., Mahomet et Charlemagne, 5th ed. (Brussels, 1937)

Plummer, C., Venerabilis Baedae historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1896; repr. 2 vols. in 1, 1946)

Pope, J. C., ed., Homilies of Ælfric: A Supplementary Collection, Early English Text Society o.s. 259–60, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1967–8)

Porter Smith, B., Islam in English Literature (Beirut, 1939)

Prinz, O., ed., ‘Eine frühe abendländische Aktualisierung des lateinischen Übersetzung des Pseudo-Methodius’, Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 41 (1985), 1–23

Pulsiano, P., ‘A Proposal for a Collective Edition of the Old English Glossed Psalters’, in Anglo-Saxon Glossography: Papers Read at the International Conference, Brussels, 8 and 9 September 1986, ed. R. Derolez (Brussels, 1992), 169–87

Quasten, J., Patrology, ed. A. di Berardino, trans. P. Solari (Westminster, MA, 1991)

Quentin, H., Les martyrologes historiques du moyen age: étude sur la formation du martyrologe romain, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1908)

Rahman, F., Islam: Ideology and the Way of Life (London, 1980)

Reese, D. S., ‘The Trade of Indo-Pacific Shells into the Mediterranean Basin and Europe’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 10 (1991), 159–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reinink, G. J., ed., Die Syrische Apokalypse des Pseudo-Methodius, 2 vols. (Louvain, 1993)

Reinink, G. J., ‘Ismael, der Wildesel in der Wüste: Zur Typologie der Apokalypse der Pseudo-Methodius’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift 75 (1982), 336–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reinink, G. J., ‘Ps-Methodius und die Legende vom römischen Endkaiser’, in The Use and Abuse of Eschatology in the Middle Ages, Mediaevalia Lovanensia Ⅰ, study 15, ed. W. Verbeke, D. Verhelst and A. Welkenhuysen (Leuven, 1988), 82–111

Richards, P. M., ‘Byzantine Bronze Vessels in England and Europe: The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Trade’, 2 vols. (unpublished PhD dissertation, Cambridge, 1980)

Richter, M., The Formation of the Medieval West: Studies in the Oral Culture of the Barbarians (Dublin, 1994)

Riddle, J., ‘The Introduction and Use of Eastern Drugs in the Early Middle Ages’, Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften 49 (1965), 185–98Google ScholarPubMed

Rigg, A. G., A History of Anglo-Latin Literature 1066–1422 (Cambridge, 1992)

Riley-Smith, J., The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading (London, 1986)

Riley-Smith, L. and J., The Crusades: Idea and Reality 1095–1274 (London, 1981)

Rivers, T. J., ‘Adultery in Early Anglo-Saxon Society’, Anglo-Saxon England 20 (1991), 19–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rodgers, R. H., ed., Petri Diaconi: Ortus et vita (Berkely, CA, 1972)

Rollinson, , ‘The Influence of Christian Doctrine and Exegesis on Old English Poetry: An Estimate of the Current State of Scholarship’, Anglo-Saxon England 2 (1973), 271–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rotter, E., Abendland und Sarazenen: Das okzidentale Araberbild und seine Entstehung im Frühmittelalter (Berlin and New York, 1983)

Runciman, S., The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, A History of the Crusades 1 (Cambridge, 1968)

Russell, J. B., Satan: The Early Christian Tradition (Ithaca and London, 1981)

Sabbe, E., ‘L'importation des tissus orientaux en Europe occidentale au haut Moyen Âge (Ⅸe et Ⅹe siècles)’, Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire 14 (1935), 811–48 and 1261–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sackur, E., ed., Sibyllinische Texte und Forschungen: PseudoMethodius, Adso und die Tiburtinische Sibylle (Halle, 1898)

Sahas, D. J., John of Damascus on Islam: the ‘Heresy of the Ishmaelites’ (Leiden 1972)

Sahas, D. J., ‘John of Damascus on Islam Revisited’, Abr Nahrain 23 (1984/5), 104–18Google Scholar