This chapter introduces some of the more common otolaryngology instruments used during procedures involving the larynx, trachea, cervical esophagus, pharynx, and paranasal sinuses. Surgery of the larynx, pharynx, and trachea begins with securing the airway with an appropriate device that will allow for adequate ventilation. Many cases of septoplasty and rhinoplasty are performed under local anesthesia with varying degrees of sedation. Transoral robotic surgery is an emerging technology that is becoming more common at tertiary care centers. Surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract deals with diverse pathology that requires a variety of special surgical instrumentation. Given the demands of the surgeon and anesthesiologist, it is crucial for optimal patient care that open communication before, during, and after the procedure be the standard operating protocol. Basic understanding of otolaryngologic instrumentation as described in the chapter will hopefully allow for mutual understanding between the surgical and anesthesia teams.