Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T07:21:55.371Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

11 - Endangering the Climate

Attacking Global Cooperation, State Governments’ Leadership and the Private Sector’s Economic Restructuring

from Part V - The Global Climate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2022

Shanti Gamper-Rabindran
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Get access

Summary

For the United States, which already bears costs from human-caused climate change, taking action to address the crisis is cheaper than doing nothing. Yet, the Trump administration not only pulled out of the Paris Climate Agreement but banded together with Russia and Saudi Arabia to undermine progress in international climate talks. The administration attempted to derail the prudent efforts by state governments and the nonfossil-fuel private sector to adapt to the changing economic opportunities in response to the climate crisis. It curbed states’ rights, e.g., blocking California’s efforts to tighten vehicle fuel-efficiency standards in line with global demand. It used regulatory powers to block the financial sector’s decision not to fund Arctic drilling and pension-fund managers’ growing interest in considering environmental, social and governance issues that affect their investment returns. The United States can still right its course on climate action. In December 2020, Congress enacted legislation to fund clean energy investments and to mandate cuts in hydrofluorocarbons, a potent greenhouse gas, for which US manufacturers are leaders for substitute products. While ambitious climate legislation faces tremendous hurdles in Congress, these narrower provisions, framed as strategies to support American jobs and leadership in manufacturing, were able to win bipartisan support.

Type
Chapter
Information
America's Energy Gamble
People, Economy and Planet
, pp. 415 - 462
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

US Senate. “Climate Change: 114th Cong., 2nd Sess.” Congressional Record 162, no. 94 (June 14, 2016). www.congress.gov/congressional-record/2016/6/14/senate-section/article/S3871-3.Google Scholar
Waldman, S. and Hulac, B.. “This Is When the GOP Turned Away from Climate Policy.” E&E News, December 5, 2018.Google Scholar
Ember, L. R.. “The Last of a Breed.” Chemical & Engineering News, August 21, 2006. https://cen.acs.org/articles/84/i34/Last-Breed.html.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brulle, R. J.. “Institutionalizing Delay: Foundation Funding and the Creation of US Climate Change Counter-Movement Organizations.” Climatic Change 122, no. 4 (2014): 681694.Google Scholar
National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Utility-Scale Solar 2013: An Empirical Analysis of Project Cost, Performance, and Pricing Trends in the United States. Report by M. Bolinger and S. Weaver (September 17, 2014).Google Scholar
Hitaj, C.. “Wind Power Development in the United States.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 65, no. 3 (2013): 394410.Google Scholar
Congressional Research Service. The Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit: In Brief. Report by M. F. Sherlock. R43453 (Washington, DC: April 29, 2020). https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43453.pdf.Google Scholar
Popp, D. et al. “The Employment Impact of Green Fiscal Push: Evidence from the American Recovery Act.” National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 27321 (June 2020).Google Scholar
Congressional Research Service. The POWER Initiative: Energy Transition as Economic Development. Report by M. H. Cecire. R46015 (Washington, DC: November 20, 2019). https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R46015.pdf.Google Scholar
O’Brien, M.. “Boehner Opens Door to Ending Tax Breaks for Big Oil Companies.” The Hill, April 25, 2011. https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/157643-boehner-opens-door-to-ending-tax-breaks-for-big-oil-companies.Google Scholar
Congressional Research Service. Oil and Natural Gas Industry Tax Issues in the FY2014 Budget Proposal. Report by R. Pirog. R42374 (Washington, DC: October 30, 2013). https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42374.pdf.Google Scholar
Mann, M. E.. The New Climate War: The Fight to Take Back Our Planet. New York: Public Affairs, 2021.Google Scholar
Zhou, C. et al. “Greater Committed Warming after Accounting for the Pattern Effect.” Nature Climate Change 11, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 132136. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00955-x.Google Scholar
Princeton University, Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, and High Meadows Environmental Institute. Net-Zero America: Potential Pathways, Infrastructure, and Impacts. Report by E. Larson et al (December 15, 2020). https://environmenthalfcentury.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf331/files/2020-12/Princeton_NZA_Interim_Report_15_Dec_2020_FINAL.pdf.Google Scholar
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Accelerating Decarbonization of the US Energy System. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2021. www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/accelerating-decarbonization-in-the-united-states-technology-policy-and-societal-dimensions.Google Scholar
US Global Change Research Program. 2017: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment. Report by D. J. Wuebbles et al. (Washington, DC: 2017).Google Scholar
US Global Change Research Program. 2018: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment. Report by D. R. Reidmiller (Washington, DC: 2018).Google Scholar
Hsiang, S. et al. “Estimating Economic Damage from Climate Change in the United States.” Science 356, no. 6345 (June 1, 2017): 13621369. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4369.Google Scholar
Birdsey, R. et al. “Executive Summary.” In Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report edited by N. Cavallaro et al. US Global Change Research Program (November 2018). https://carbon2018.globalchange.gov/downloads/SOCCR2_Executive_Summary.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Environmental Protection Agency. Multi-model Framework for Quantitative Sectoral Impact Analysis: A Technical Report for the Fourth National Climate Assessment (May 11, 2017). https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=OAP&dirEntryId=335095.Google Scholar
Office of Management and Budget. Climate Change: The Fiscal Risks Facing the Federal Government (Washington, DC: November 2016).Google Scholar
Government Accountability Office. Climate Change: Information on Potential Economic Effects Could Help Guide Federal Efforts to Reduce Fiscal Exposure. Report by J. Alfredo Gómez (September 28, 2017). www.gao.gov/products/gao-17-720.Google Scholar
Flavelle, C.. “US Disaster Costs Doubled in 2020, Reflecting Costs of Climate Change.” New York Times, January 7, 2021.Google Scholar
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Overview. www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions.Google Scholar
Vohra, K. et al. “Global Mortality from Outdoor Fine Particle Pollution Generated by Fossil Fuel Combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem.” Environmental Research 195 (2021). www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935121000487.Google Scholar
Williams, A. P. et al. “Contribution of Anthropogenic Warming to California Drought during 2012–2014.” Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 16 (August 20, 2015): 68196828. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064924.Google Scholar
Diffenbaugh, N. S., Swain, D. L. and Touma, D.. “Anthropogenic Warming Has Increased Drought Risk in California.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, no. 13 (March 2, 2015): 39313936. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422385112.Google Scholar
Hoell, A. et al. Anthropogenic Contributions to the Intensity of the 2017 United States Northern Great Plains Drought. American Meteorological Society (December 2018). www.ametsoc.net/eee/2017a/ch6_EEEof2017_Hoell.pdf.Google Scholar
Abatzoglou, J. T. and Williams, A. P.. “Impact of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Wildfire across Western US Forests.” 113, no. 42 (October 10, 2016): 1177011775. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607171113.Google Scholar
Fyfe, J. C. et al. “Large Near-Term Projected Snowpack Loss over the Western United States.” Nature Communications 8, no. 14996 (April 18, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14996.Google Scholar
van der Wiel, K. et al. Rapid Attribution of the August 2016 Flood-Inducing Extreme Precipitation in South Louisiana to Climate Change. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (2017). www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/21/897/2017/hess-21-897-2017.pdf.Google Scholar
Lewis Terrell and Associates, LLC. The Economic Impact of the August 2016 Floods on the State of Louisiana. Report by D. Terrell, Louisiana Economic Development (2016). http://gov.louisiana.gov/assets/docs/RestoreLA/SupportingDocs/Meeting-9-28-16/2016-August-Flood-Economic-Impact-Report_09-01-16.pdf.Google Scholar
Sweet, W. V. et al. 2017 State of US High Tide Flooding with a 2018 Outlook. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, NOAA Office of Coastal Management, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information and the Baldwin Group, Inc. (June 6, 2018). www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-content/sotc/national/2018/may/2017_State_of_US_High_Tide_Flooding.pdf.Google Scholar
Patterns and Projections of High Tide Flooding along the US Coastline Using a Common Impact Threshold. National Ocean Service Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, Department of Commerce (Silver Spring, MD: February 2018). https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/techrpt86_PaP_of_HTFlooding.pdf.Google Scholar
Davenport, F. V., Burke, M. and Diffenbaugh, N. S.. “Contribution of Historical Precipitation Change to US Flood Damages.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118, no. 4 (January 26, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017524118.Google Scholar
Trenberth, K. E. et al. “Hurricane Harvey Links to Ocean Heat Content and Climate Change Adaptation.” Earth’s Future 6, no. 5 (May 9, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF000825.Google Scholar
Reed, K. A. et al. The Human Influence on Hurricane Florence (September 11, 2018). https://crd.lbl.gov/assets/Uploads/Wehner/climate-change-Florence-0911201800Z-final.pdf.Google Scholar
Oliver, E. C. J. et al. Anthropogenic and Natural Influences on Record 2016 Marine Heat Waves. American Meteorological Society (January 2018). www.ametsoc.net/eee/2016/ch9.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, C.. “Huge Puffin Die-Off May Be Linked to Hotter Seas.” National Geographic, November 8, 2016. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/11/tufted-puffins-die-off-bering-sea-alaska-starvation-warm-water-climate-change.Google Scholar
Walsh, J. E. et al. “The High Latitude Marine Heat Wave of 2016 and Its Impacts on Alaska.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): S39S43. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0105.1.Google Scholar
Government Accountability Office. Alaska Native Villages: Most Are Affected by Flooding and Erosion, But Few Qualify for Federal Assistance. Report by A. Mittal and J. D. Malcolm (Washington, DC: December 12, 2003). www.gao.gov/assets/gao-04-142.pdf.Google Scholar
Government Accountability Office. Alaska Native Villages: Limited Progress Has Been Made on Relocating Villages Threatened by Flooding and Erosion. Report by A. Mittal (Washington, DC: June 3, 2009). www.gao.gov/assets/gao-09-551.pdf.Google Scholar
Schiermeier, Q.. “Droughts, Heatwaves and Floods: How to Tell When Climate Change Is to Blame.” Nature 560 (July 30, 2018): 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-05849-9.Google Scholar
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. T.I.A.S. No. 16-1104. December 12, 2015. https://unfccc.int/files/meetings/paris_nov_2015/application/pdf/paris_agreement_english_.pdf.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change. Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5°C. Summary for Policymakers. Report by V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (October 2018). https://report.ipcc.ch/sr15/pdf/sr15_spm_final.pdf.Google Scholar
Global Carbon Project. Global Carbon Budget 2020. Report by P. Friedlingstein et al. (December 11, 2020). www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/20/files/GCP_CarbonBudget_2020.pdf.Google Scholar
Aizenman, N.. “A Little-Known Climate Fund Is Suddenly in the Spotlight.” National Public Radio, June 6, 2017. www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/06/09/532106567/a-little-known-climate-fund-is-suddenly-in-the-spotlight.Google Scholar
Schiermeier, Q.. “The US Has Left the Paris Climate Deal – What’s Next?” Nature, November 4, 2020. www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03066-x.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change. Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5°C. Summary for Policymakers. Report by M. Allen et al. (May 2019). www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm.Google Scholar
Chemnick, J.. “US Stands with Russia and Saudi Arabia against Climate Science.” E&E News, December 10, 2018.Google Scholar
Stam, C.. “Australia, Brazil and Saudi Arabia Blocking Climate Talks, Says Green MEPs.” EuroActiv, December 11, 2019. www.climatechangenews.com/2019/12/11/australia-brazil-saudi-arabia-blocking-climate-talks-says-green-mep/+&cd=23&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca.Google Scholar
Evans, S. and Gabbatiss, J.. “In-depth Q&A: How ‘Article 6’ Carbon Markets Could ‘Make or Break’ the Paris Agreement.” CarbonBrief, November 29, 2019. www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-q-and-a-how-article-6-carbon-markets-could-make-or-break-the-paris-agreement.Google Scholar
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Rising above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2007. https://doi.org/10.17226/11463.Google Scholar
Matthews, R.. “A Parting Letter from Energy Secretary Steven Chu.” Green Market Oracle, February 4, 2013. https://thegreenmarketoracle.com/2013/02/04/a-parting-letter-from-energy-secretary.Google Scholar
von Hirschhausen, C. et al. Energiewende “Made in Germany”: Low Carbon Electricity Sector Reform in the European Context. Cham: Springer, 2018. www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319951256.Google Scholar
Jackson, M.M., Lewis, J. I. and Zhang, X.. “A Green Expansion: China’s Role in the Global Deployment and Transfer of Solar Photovoltaic Technology.” Journal of Energy for Sustainable Development 60 (2021): 90101.Google Scholar
World Bank Group Trade & Competitiveness. Accelerating Innovation in China’s Solar, Wind and Energy Storage Sectors. Report by S. Kuriakose et al. (2017). https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/28573/120374-WP-PUBLIC-11-10-2017-15-10-11-ChinaGreenInnovationFINALSEP.pdf?sequence=1.Google Scholar
Chen, J. et al. EU Climate Mitigation Policy. International Monetary Fund (September 16, 2020). www.imf.org/en/Publications/Departmental-Papers-Policy-Papers/Issues/2020/09/16/EU-Climate-Mitigation-Policy-49639.Google Scholar
Friedman, L.. “US Quits Paris Climate Agreement: Questions and Answers.” New York Times, November 4, 2020.Google Scholar
Carbon Brief. The Impacts of Climate Change at 1.5, 2°C and Beyond. Report by R. McSweeney, R. Pearce and T. Prater (October 4, 2018). https://interactive.carbonbrief.org/impacts-climate-change-one-point-five-degrees-two-degrees/?utm_source=web&utm_campaign=Redirect.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture: Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (2018). www.fao.org/3/i9540en/I9540EN.pdf.Google Scholar
Mekonnen, M. M. and Hoekstra, A. Y.. “Four Billion People Facing Severe Water Scarcity.” Science Advances 2, no. 2 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500323.Google Scholar
Helper, S., Miller, J. S. and Muro, M.. “Why Undermining Fuel Efficiency Standards Would Harm the US Auto Industry.” Brookings, July 2, 2018. www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2018/07/02/why-undermining-fuel-efficiency-standards-would-harm-the-us-auto-industry.Google Scholar
Mufson, S.. “GM Plans Ambitious Pivot from Gasoline.” Washington Post, January 29, 2021.Google Scholar
Krier, J. E. and Ursin, E.. Pollution and Policy: A Case Essay on California and Federal Experience with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution, 1940–1975. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Collantes, G. and Sperling, D.. “The Origin of California’s Zero Emission Vehicle Mandate.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 42, no. 10 (2008): 13021313.Google Scholar
Honeycutt, M., Science Advisory Board chair. Draft Report: Science Advisory Board (SAB) Consideration of the Scientific and Technical Basis of EPA’s Proposed Rule Titled Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science. Submitted to A. R. Wheeler, administrator, Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-SAB-20-xxx. October 16, 2019.Google Scholar
Anderson, S. T. et al. “Automobile Fuel Economy Standards: Impacts, Efficiency, and Alternatives.” Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 14, no. 2 (2020). https://nature.berkeley.edu/~sallee/apsf-reep.pdf.Google Scholar
Dempsey, M. and Brown, K.. “Sec. Chu Refuses to Retract Statement That the Goal Is to Boost Price of Gas to Levels in Europe.” US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. News release, 2012. www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2012/3/post-d06a83f9-802a-23ad-421c-d407d1d706d2.Google Scholar
Aston Martin Lagonda, Ltd. et al. Letter to Donald J. Trump on the Review of the CAFE and GHG Rule for Automobiles. Submitted to President D. J. Trump. June 6, 2019.Google Scholar
Energy Innovation: Policy and Technology, LLC. Economic, Emissions Impact of Trump Administration Fuel Economy and GHG Emissions Standards Freeze; Implications for US, California, “Section 177” States, Canada. Report by M. Mahajan and R. Orvis (August 2019). https://energyinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Impacts-of-Trump-Fuel-Economy-Standard-Rollback-on-US-Section-177-States-Canada-8.7.19.pdf.Google Scholar
White House Office of the Press Secretary. “Obama Administration Finalizes Historic 54.5 MPG Fuel Efficiency Standards.” News release, August 28, 2012, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/08/28/obama-administration-finalizes-historic-545-mpg-fuel-efficiency-standard.Google Scholar
2017 and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards. 49 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 523, 531, 533, 536 and 537. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 77 Federal Register 62623–63200 (October 15, 2012). www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2012-10-15/pdf/2012-21972.pdf.Google Scholar
The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule Part One: One National Program. 40 Code of Federal Regulations 85 and 86; 49 Code of Federal Regulations 531 and 533. Environmental Protection Agency and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Department of Transportation. 84 Federal Register 188. www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/09/27/2019-20672/the-safer-affordable-fuel-efficient-safe-vehicles-rule-part-one-one-national-program.Google Scholar
Freeman, J.. “The Auto Rule Rollback Only Trump Seems to Want.” New York Times, September 11, 2019.Google Scholar
Tabuchi, H.. “California Upholds Auto Emissions Standards, Setting Up Face-Off with Trump.” New York Times, March 24, 2017.Google Scholar
Tabuchi, H.. “Big Oil Angles, Quietly, to Ease Emissions Cuts.” New York Times, December 14, 2018.Google Scholar
The Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule for Model Years 2021–2026 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 40 Code of Federal Regulations 86 and 600; 49 Code of Federal Regulations 523, 531, 533, 536, and 537. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Environmental Protection Agency. 85 Federal Register 24174–25278 (April 30, 2020) www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-04-30/pdf/2020-06967.pdf.Google Scholar
Davenport, C.. “Trump to Revoke California’s Authority to Set Stricter Auto Emissions Rules.” New York Times, September 17, 2019.Google Scholar
Davenport, C.. “Automakers Tell Trump His Pollution Rules Could Mean ‘Untenable’ Instability and Lower Profits.” New York Times, June 6, 2019.Google Scholar
Editorial Board. “A Cruel Parody of Antitrust Enforcement.” New York Times, September 6, 2019.Google Scholar
Beitsch, R. and Frazin, R.. “California Finalizes Fuel Efficiency Deal with Five Automakers, Undercutting Trump.” The Hill, August 17, 2020. https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/512414-california-finalizes-fuel-efficiency-deal-with-five-automakers.Google Scholar
Beitsch, R.. “DOJ Whistleblower: California Emissions Probe Was ‘Abuse of Authority’.” The Hill, June 24, 2020. https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/504384-doj-whistleblower-california-emissions-probe-was-abuse-of-authority.Google Scholar
Durkee, A.. “Trump Is Angry That Automakers Don’t Want His Anti-Climate Change Policy.” Vanity Fair, August 22, 2019. www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/08/trump-auto-industry-fuel-emission-standards-california.Google Scholar
Acton, G.. “There’s Almost Zero Rationale for Arctic Oil Exploration, Says Goldman Sachs Analyst.” CNBC News, March 23, 2017. www.cnbc.com/2017/03/23/theres-almost-zero-rationale-for-arctic-oil-exploration-says-goldman-sachs.html.Google Scholar
Dluohy, J. A.. “Wall Street Is Feeling the Pressure to Stop Arctic Oil Funding.” World Oil, April 27, 2020.Google Scholar
Nguyen, L.. “Bank of America Says It Won’t Finance Oil and Gas Exploration in the Arctic.” Bloomberg, November 30, 2020. www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-30/bofa-says-it-won-t-finance-oil-and-gas-exploration-in-the-arctic.Google Scholar
Rainforest Action Network et al. Banking on Climate Chaos: Fossil Fuel Finance Report. Report by A. Kirsch et al. (March 24, 2021). www.ran.org/bankingonclimatechaos2021.Google Scholar
Frazin, R.. “Republicans Say Trump Should Act against Financial Institutions That Are Unwilling to Fund Certain Fossil Fuel Projects.” The Hill, May 8, 2020. https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/496881-republicans-say-trump-should-act-against-financial-institutions.Google Scholar
DeMarban, A.. “Federal Appeals Court Rejects Trump Administration Permit for Offshore Oil Project in Arctic Alaska.” Anchorage Daily News, December 7, 2020. www.adn.com/business-economy/energy/2020/12/07/federal-appeals-court-rejects-trump-administration-permit-for-offshore-oil-project-in-arctic-alaska.Google Scholar
Fountain, H.. “Sale of Drilling Leases in Arctic Refuge Fails to Yield a Windfall.” New York Times, January 6, 2021. www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/climate/arctic-refuge-drilling-lease-sales.html.Google Scholar
Sullivan, D. et al. Letter to POTUS Regarding Energy Financial Institutions. Submitted to President D. J. Trump. May 7, 2020.Google Scholar
Frazin, R.. “Trump Criticizes Banks Withholding Funds from Certain Fossil Fuel Projects.” The Hill, April 24, 2020. https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/494568-trump-criticizes-banks-withholding-funds-from-certain-fossil-fuel.Google Scholar
Fair Access to Financial Services: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. 12 Code of Federal Regulations 55. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Department of Treasury. 85 Federal Register 75261–75266 (November 25, 2020). www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/11/25/2020-26067/fair-access-to-financial-services+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca.Google Scholar
Kirn, J. C.. “OCC Proposes ‘Fair Access’ Rule: Potential Implications for ESG Analysis.” National Law Review 10, no. 328 (November 23, 2020).Google Scholar
Schanzenbach, M. M. and Sitkoff, R. H.. “ESG Investing: Theory, Evidence, and Fiduciary Principles.” Journal of Financial Planning (October 1, 2020).Google Scholar
Financial Factors in Selecting Plan Investments: Proposed Rule. 29 Code of Federal Regulations 2550. Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department of Labor. 85 Federal Register 39113–39128 (June 30, 2020). www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/06/30/2020-13705/financial-factors-in-selecting-plan-investments.Google Scholar
Financial Factors in Selecting Plan Investments: Final Rule . 29 Code of Federal Regulations 2509 and 2550. Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department of Labor. 85 Federal Register 72846–72885 (November 13, 2020). www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/11/13/2020-24515/financial-factors-in-selecting-plan-investments.Google Scholar
Congressional Research Service. Injection and Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide: Federal Role and Issues for Congress. Report by A. C. Jones. R46192 (Washington, DC: January 24, 2020). https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R46192.pdf.Google Scholar
Natural Resources Defense Council. Strengthening the Regulation of Enhanced Oil Recovery to Align It with the Objectives of Geologic Carbon Dioxide Sequestration. Report by B. Mordick and G. Peridas. 16-09-B (November 2017). www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/regulation-eor-carbon-dioxide-sequestration-report.pdf.Google Scholar
International Energy Agency Carbon Capture and Storage Unit. Storing CO2 through Enhanced Oil Recovery: Combining EOR with CO2 Storage (EOR+) for Profit. Report by Dr. W. Heidug et al. (2015). https://nachhaltigwirtschaften.at/resources/iea_pdf/reports/iea_ghg_storing_co2_trough_enhanced_oil_recovery.pdf.Google Scholar
Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, edited by Metz, B. et al. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/srccs_wholereport-1.pdf.Google Scholar
Kusnetz, N.. “Exxon Touts Carbon Capture As a Climate Fix, But Uses It to Maximize Profit and Keep Oil Flowing.” Inside Climate News, September 27, 2020. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27092020/exxon-carbon-capture.Google Scholar
Credit for Carbon Oxide Sequestration: Final Regulations. 26 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1. Internal Revenue Service, Department of Treasury (December 31, 2020). www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/td-9944.pdf.Google Scholar
Mordick, B., Natural Resources Defense Council, and Noël, J., Greenpeace. Comments on Credit for Carbon Oxide Sequestration. Submitted to Internal Revenue Service. IRS REG-112339-19. 2020.Google Scholar
Grinberg, A., Clean Water Action. Comments on Proposed Regulations Credit for Carbon Oxide Sequestration. Submitted to Internal Revenue Service. IRS REG-112339-19. July 31, 2020.Google Scholar
Metcalf, G. E.. Paying for Pollution: Why a Carbon Tax Is Good for America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. American Opportunity Carbon Fee Act of 2019. S. 1128, 116th Congress, 1st Sess. Introduced in Senate April 10, 2019.Google Scholar
Goulder, L. H. et al. “Impacts of a Carbon Tax across US Household Income Groups: What Are the Equity-Efficiency Trade Offs?Journal of Public Economics 175 (2019): 4464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2019.04.002.Google Scholar
Metcalf, G. E.. “On the Economics of a Carbon Tax for the United States.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (February 24, 2019).Google Scholar
Yamazaki, A.. “Jobs and Climate Policy: Evidence from British Columbia’s Revenue-Neutral Carbon Tax.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 83 (May 2017): 197216.Google Scholar
Metcalf, G. E. and Stock, J. H.. “The Macroeconomic Impact of Europe’s Carbon Taxes.” National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 27488 (July 2020). www.nber.org/papers/w27488.Google Scholar
Bayer, P. and Aklin, M.. “The European Union Emissions Trading System Reduced CO2 Emissions despite Low Prices.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117, no. 16 (April 6, 2020): 88048812. www.pnas.org/content/117/16/8804.Google Scholar
Green, J. F.. “Does Carbon Pricing Reduce Emissions? A Review of Ex-post Analyses.” Environmental Research Letters 16 (2021). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abdae9/pdf.Google Scholar
Metcalf, G.. “An Emissions Assurance Mechanism: Adding Environmental Certainty to a Carbon Tax.” Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 14, no. 1 (2020): 114130.Google Scholar
Wagner, G.. “The Numbers behind Exxon’s Support for a Carbon Tax.” Bloomberg, October 9, 2020. www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-09/the-numbers-behind-exxon-s-support-for-a-carbon-tax.Google Scholar
Dlouhy, J. A.. “Oil Companies Join Corporate Lobbying Push for US Carbon Tax.” Bloomberg, May 20, 2019. www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-20/oil-companies-join-corporate-lobbying-push-for-u-s-carbon-tax.Google Scholar
Climate Leadership Council. The Four Pillars of Our Carbon Dividends Plan (September 2019). https://clcouncil.org/our-plan.Google Scholar
Climate Leadership Council. The Conservative Case for Carbon Dividends. Report by J. A. Baker III et al. (February 2017). www.clcouncil.org/media/2017/03/The-Conservative-Case-for-Carbon-Dividends.pdf.Google Scholar
Savage, K.. “Climate Liability Waiver Dropped from Major Carbon Tax Proposal.” Climate Docket, September 12, 2019. www.climatedocket.com/2019/09/12/climate-liability-waiver-carbon-tax-baker-schultz/.Google Scholar
Roberts, D.. “Energy Lobbyists Have a New PAC to Push for a Carbon Tax. Wait, What?” Vox, June 23, 2018. www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/6/22/17487488/carbon-tax-dividend-trent-lott-john-breaux.Google Scholar
Brief of Amici Curiae Senators Whitehouse, Cardin, Blumenthal, Warren, Markey, and Van Hollen in Support of Respondent. BP PLC, et al. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore. US Supreme Court Case No. 19-1189, 2020.Google Scholar
Kelder, G. E., Jr., and Daynard, R. A.. “The Role of Litigation in the Effective Control of the Sale and Use of Tobacco.” Stanford Law and Policy Review 8 (1997): 6398.Google Scholar
Meier, B.. “Cigarette Makers and States Draft a $206 Billion Deal.” New York Times, November 14, 1998. www.nytimes.com/1998/11/14/us/cigarette-makers-and-states-draft-a-206-billion-deal.html.Google Scholar
Heal, G.. “Economic Aspects of the Energy Transition.” National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 27766 (September 2020). www.nber.org/papers/w27766.Google Scholar
Metcalf, G. E.. Harnessing the Power of Markets to Solve the Climate Problem. Aspen Institute Economic Strategy Group (December 2020). https://works.bepress.com/gilbert_metcalf/129/.Google Scholar
Goyal, R. et al. “Reduction in Surface Climate Change Achieved by the 1987 Montreal Protocol.” Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 124041 (December 6, 2019). https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4874.Google Scholar
Senate Democrats’ Special Committee on the Climate Crisis. The Case for Climate Action: Building a Clean Economy for the American People. Report by Senator B. Schatz et al. (August 25, 2020). www.schatz.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/SCCC_Climate_Crisis_Report.pdf.Google Scholar
Levy, M.. “President-Elect Biden Supports a ‘Carbon Enforcement Mechanism’ – Could that Mean a Price on Carbon?” Harvard Environmental & Energy Law Program, November 14, 2020. https://eelp.law.harvard.edu/2020/11/president-elect-biden-supports-a-carbon-enforcement-mechanism-could-that-mean-a-price-on-carbon/#_ftn43.Google Scholar
Pollutant-Specific Significant Contribution Finding for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from New, Modified, and Reconstructed Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units, and Process for Determining Significance of Other New Source Performance Standards Source Categories: Final Rule. 40 Code of Federal Regulations 60. Environmental Protection Agency. 86 Federal Register 2542–2558 (January 13, 2021) www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/13/2021-00389/pollutant-specific-significant-contribution-finding-for-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-new-modified.Google Scholar
House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis. Solving the Climate Crisis: The Congressional Action Plan for a Clean Energy Economy and a Healthy, Resilient, and Just America. Report by Majority Committee Staff (June 2020). https://climatecrisis.house.gov/sites/climatecrisis.house.gov/files/Climate%20Crisis%20Action%20Plan.pdf.Google Scholar
Government Accountability Office. Social Cost of Carbon: Identifying a Federal Entity to Address the National Academies’ Recommendations Could Strengthen Regulatory Analysis. Report by J. A. Gómez (Washington, DC: June 2020). www.gao.gov/assets/710/707776.pdf.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Carbon Pollution Transparency Act. S., 116th Congress, 1st Sess. Introduced in Senate June 5, 2019.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Carbon Pollution Transparency Act. H.R. 8174, 116th Congress, 2nd Sess. Introduced in House September 4, 2020.Google Scholar
Carleton, T. and Greenstone, M.. “Updating the United States Government’s Social Cost of Carbon.” University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for Economics working paper 2021-04 (January 14, 2021). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3764255.Google Scholar
Fleurbaey, M. et al. “The Social Cost of Carbon: Valuing Inequality, Risk, and Population for Climate Policy.” The Monist 102, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 84109. https://doi.org/10.1093/monist/ony023.Google Scholar
Broome, J.. Climate Matters: Ethics in a Warming World. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2012.Google Scholar
Burke, M., Hsiang, S. and Miguel, E.. “Global Non-linear Effect of Temperature on Economic Production.” Nature 527 (October 21, 2015): 235239. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15725.Google Scholar
Office of Management and Budget. FY 2013 Administration Budget. White House (Washington, DC: 2012).Google Scholar
Congressional Budget Office. Options for Reducing the Deficit: 2014 to 2023 (Washington, DC: 2013).Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Close Big Oil Tax Loopholes Act. S. 1710, 115th Congress, 1st Sess. Introduced in Senate August 2, 2017.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. End Oil and Gas Tax Subsidies Act of 2020. H.R. 8411, 116th Congress, 2nd Sess. Introduced in House September 29, 2020.Google Scholar
Aldy, J. E. and Patashnik, J.. “Eliminating Fossil Fuel Subsidies.” In 15 Ways to Rethink the Federal Budget, edited by Greenstone, M. et al. 3135. Washington, DC: Hamilton Project, Brookings Institution, 2013.Google Scholar
Metcalf, G.. “The Impact of Removing Tax Preferences for US Oil and Gas Production.” Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists 5, no. 1 (2018): 137.Google Scholar
Rainforest Action Network et al. Banking on Climate Change: Fossil Fuel Finance Report. Report by A. Kirsch et al. (March 18, 2020). http://priceofoil.org/content/uploads/2020/03/Banking_on_Climate_Change_2020.pdf.Google Scholar
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Financial Stability Report (November 2020). www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/financial-stability-report-20201109.pdf.Google Scholar
Campiglio, E. et al. “Climate Change Challenges for Central Banks and Financial Regulators.” Nature Climate Change 8, no. 6 (2018): 462468.Google Scholar
Mercure, J.-F. et al. “Macroeconomic Impact of Stranded Fossil Fuel Assets.” Nature Climate Change 8 (June 4, 2018): 588593. www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0182-1.Google Scholar
Arnold, M.. “ECB Stress Test Reveals Economic Impact of Climate Change.” Financial Times, March 18, 2021.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Climate Change Financial Risk Act of 2019. H.R., 5194, 116th Congress, 2nd Sess. Introduced in House November 20, 2019.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Climate Change Financial Risk Act of 2019. S., 116th Congress, 1st Sess. Introduced in Senate November 20, 2019.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Climate Risk Disclosure Act of 2019. H.R. 3623, 116th Congress, 2nd Sess. Introduced in House July 5, 2019.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Climate Risk Disclosure Act of 2019. S., 2075, 116th Congress, 1st Sess. Introduced in Senate July 10, 2019.Google Scholar
Climate-Related Market Risk Subcommittee. Managing Climate Risk in the US Financial System. Report by D. Gillers et al. US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Washington, DC: 2020). www.cftc.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/9-9-20%20Report%20of%20the%20Subcommittee%20on%20Climate-Related%20Market%20Risk%20-%20Managing%20Climate%20Risk%20in%20the%20U.S.%20Financial%20System%20for%20posting.pdf.Google Scholar
Great Democracy Initiative. A Regulatory Green Light: How Dodd-Frank Can Address Wall Street’s Role in the Climate Crisis. Report by G. Steele (January 2020). https://greatdemocracyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Final_Greenlight_Steele.pdf.Google Scholar
Congressional Research Service. Department of Defense Energy Management: Background and Issues for Congress. Report by H. L. Greenley. R45832 (Washington, DC: July 25, 2019). https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R45832.pdf.Google Scholar
Samaras, C., Nuttalla, W. J. and Bazilian, M.. “Energy and the Military: Convergence of Security, Economic, and Environmental Decision-Making.” Energy Strategy Reviews 26 (November 2019): 1004009–100414.Google Scholar
Hess, D. J.. Good Green Jobs in a Global Economy: Making and Keeping New Industries in the United States. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Lamb, W. F. et al. “Discourses of Climate Delay.” Global Sustainability 3, no. e17 (July 1, 2020). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2020.13.Google Scholar
Osterman, P. et al. Working in America: A Blueprint for the New Labor Market. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.Google Scholar
West, D. M.. The Future of Work: Robots, AI, and Automation. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Lambert, R. J. and Silva, P. P.. “The Challenges of Determining the Employment Effects of Renewable Energy.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16, no. 7 (2012): 46674674.Google Scholar
Metropolitan Policy Program. Advancing Inclusion through Clean Energy Jobs. Report by M. Muro, A. Tomer, R. Shivaram and J. Kane. Brookings Institution (April 2019). www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2019.04_metro_Clean-Energy-Jobs_Report_Muro-Tomer-Shivaran-Kane.pdf.Google Scholar
E2. Clean Jobs America 2020: Repowering America’s Economy in the Wake of Covid-19 (April 2020). https://e2.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/E2-Clean-Jobs-America-2020.pdf.Google Scholar
US Climate Alliance. 2020 Clean Energy Employment Report. Report by BW Research (2020). www.usclimatealliance.org/jobsreport.Google Scholar
American Wind Energy Association. Made-in-the-USA Wind Power Jobs (2020). www.awea.org/wind-101/benefits-of-wind/powering-job-growth.Google Scholar
Berkeley Lab. Wind Technologies Market Report. Report by M. Bolinger and R. Wiser (2020). https://emp.lbl.gov/wind-technologies-market-report.Google Scholar
Hughes, L. and Meckling, J.. “The Politics of Renewable Energy Trade: The US–China Solar Dispute.” Energy Policy 105 (June 2017): 256262.Google Scholar
Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Fastest Growing Occupations.” Occupational Outlook Handbook. 2020. www.bls.gov/ooh/fastest-growing.htm.Google Scholar
Jordan, P.. Memorandum: Clean Energy Employment Initial Impacts from the COVID-19 Economic Crisis, December 2020, Revised. BW Research Partnership. Submitted to E2, E4TheFuture and ACORE. February 8, 2021.Google Scholar
Tomer, A., Kane, J. W. and George, C.. How Renewable Energy Jobs Can Uplift Fossil Fuel Communities and Remake Climate Politics. Brookings Institution (February 23, 2021). www.brookings.edu/research/how-renewable-energy-jobs-can-uplift-fossil-fuel-communities-and-remake-climate-politics/?preview_id=1414272.Google Scholar
Newell, R. G. and Raimi, D.. “US State and Local Oil and Gas Revenue Sources and Uses.” Energy Policy 112 (January 2018): 1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.10.002.Google Scholar
Yahn, J.. “Power and Powerlessness in the Shale Valley Schools: Fracking for Funding.” West Virginia Law Review 120, no. 3 (2018): 943971. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/wvlr/vol120/iss3/11.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Revitalizing the Economy of Coal Communities by Leveraging Local Activities and Investing More Act of 2019. H.R., 116th Congress, 1st Sess. Introduced in House April 9, 2019.Google Scholar
Columbia Center on Global Energy Policy and Resources for the Future. Green Stimulus for Oil and Gas Workers: Considering a Major Federal Effort to Plug Orphaned and Abandoned Wells. Report by D. Raimi et al. (New York: July 2020). www.energypolicy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/file-uploads/OrphanWells_CGEP-Report_071620.pdf.Google Scholar
Boom, M.. “House Bill Would Deliver Needed Steps toward a Clean Economy.” Expert Blog. National Resource Defense Council. 2020. www.nrdc.org/experts/marc-boom/house-bill-would-deliver-needed-steps-toward-clean-economy.Google Scholar
Dillon, J. and Sobczyk, N.. “Clean Energy Push Caught in Congressional Chaos.” E&E News, September 21, 2020.Google Scholar
Aldy, J. E.. “Policy Monitor – A Preliminary Assessment of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act’s Clean Energy Package.” Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 7, no. 1 (2013): 136155.Google Scholar
Chen, Z. et al. “Green Stimulus in a Post-pandemic Recovery: The Role of Skills for a Resilient Recovery.” Environmental & Resource Economics, special issue Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus 76, no. 4 (2020): 901911.Google Scholar
Wilson, D. J.. “Fiscal Spending Jobs Multipliers: Evidence from the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, no. 3 (2012): 251282.Google Scholar
Garin, A.. “Putting America to Work, Where? Evidence on the Effectiveness of Infrastructure Construction As a Locally Targeted Employment Policy.” Journal of Urban Economics 111, no. C (2019): 108131.Google Scholar
Vona, F.. “Job Losses and Political Acceptability of Climate Policies: Why the ‘Job-Killing’ Argument Is So Persistent and How to Overturn it.” Climate Policy 19, no. 4 (2019): 524532.Google Scholar
Haggerty, J. et al. “Long-Term Effects of Income Specialization in Oil and Gas Extraction: The US West, 1980–2011.” Energy Economics 45 (2014): 186195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2014.06.020.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, G. D. and Parker, D. P.. “The Economic Aftermath of Resource Booms: Evidence from Boomtowns in the American West.” Economic Journal 126, no. 593 (2016): 10921128.Google Scholar
Ford, J.. “Equality of Opportunity in Appalachia.” McCourt School of Public Policy, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10822/1050855.Google Scholar
Betz, M. R. et al. “Coal Mining, Economic Development, and the Natural Resources Curse.” Energy Economics 50 (2015): 105116.Google Scholar
Volcovici, V.. “Trump Seeks to Ax Appalachia Economic Programs, Causing Worry in Coal Country.” Reuters, March 16, 2017. www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-budget-appalachia-idUSKBN16N2VF.Google Scholar
Goetz, S. J., Partridge, M. D. and Stephens, H. M.. “The Economic Status of Rural America in the President Trump Era and Beyond.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 40, no. 1 (2018): 97118.Google Scholar
Stephens, H. M., Partridge, M. D. and Faggian, A.. “Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth in Lagging Regions.” Journal of Regional Science 53, no. 5 (2013): 778812.Google Scholar
Bartik, T. J.. “Using Place-Based Jobs Policies to Help Distressed Communities.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 3 (2020): 99127.Google Scholar
Kaufman, B. G. et al. “The Rising Rate of Rural Hospital Closures.” Journal of Rural Health 32, no. 1 (2016): 3543.Google Scholar
Kannapel, P. J. and Flory, M. A.. “Postsecondary Transitions for Youth in Appalachia’s Central Subregions: A Review of Education Research, 1995–2015.” Journal of Research in Rural Education 32, no. 6 (2017): 117.Google Scholar
Stephens, H. M. and Deskins, J.. “Economic Distress and Labor Market Participation.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 100, no. 5 (2018): 13361356.Google Scholar
Taylor, B., Hufford, M. and Bilbrey, K.. “A Green New Deal for Appalachia: Economic Transition, Coal Reclamation Costs, Bottom-Up Policymaking (Part 1).” Journal of Appalachian Studies 23, no. 1 (2017): 828.Google Scholar
Tarus, L., Hufford, M. and Taylor, B.. “A Green New Deal for Appalachia: Economic Transition, Coal Reclamation Costs, Bottom-Up Policymaking (Part 2).” Journal of Appalachian Studies 23, no. 1 (2017): 151169.Google Scholar
Haggerty, J. H. et al. “Planning for the Local Impacts of Coal Facility Closure: Emerging Strategies in the US West.” Resources Policy 57 (2018): 6980.Google Scholar
Zipper, C. and Skousen, J. (eds.). Appalachia’s Coal-Mined Landscapes: Resources and Communities in a New Energy Era. Cham: Springer, 2021.Google Scholar
Cha, J. M.. “A Just Transition for Whom? Politics, Contestation, and Social Identity in the Disruption of Coal in the Powder River Basin.” Energy Research & Social Science 69 (2020): 101657.Google Scholar
Department of Energy et al. The Appalachian Energy and Petrochemical Renaissance: An Examination of Economic Progress and Opportunities (June 2020). www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/06/f76/Appalachian%20Energy%20and%20Petrochemical%20Report_063020_v3.pdf.Google Scholar
Appalachia, R. Reimagine Appalachia Blueprint: A New Deal That Works for Us. (September 2020). https://reimagineappalachia.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ReImagineAppalachia_Blueprint_092020.pdf.Google Scholar
US Congress. House. Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021. H.R. 133, 116th Congress, 2nd Sess. Introduced in House January 3, 2019.Google Scholar
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. An Assessment of ARPA-E. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.17226/24778.Google Scholar
Hamilton Project. Promoting Innovation for Low-Carbon Technologies. Report by D. Popp (October 23, 2019). www.hamiltonproject.org/papers/promoting_innovation_for_low_carbon_technologies.Google Scholar
Kittner, N., Lill, F. and Kammen, D. M.. “Energy Storage Deployment and Innovation For the Clean Energy Transition.” Nature Energy 2, no. 17125 (2017): 16. www.nature.com/articles/nenergy2017125.Google Scholar
Congressional Research Service. Renewable Energy R&D Funding History: A Comparison with Funding for Nuclear Energy, Fossil Energy, Energy Efficiency, and Electric Systems R&D. Report by C. E. Clark. RS22858 (Washington, DC: June 18, 2018). https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS22858.pdf.Google Scholar
Kaplan, S. and Grandoni, D.. “Stimulus Deal Includes Raft of Provisions to Fight Climate Change.” Washington Post, December 21, 2020. www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2020/12/21/congress-climate-spending.Google Scholar
Johnson, S. K.. “The Omnibus Bill Was Packed with Energy and Environment Policy.” Ars Technica, December 23, 2020. https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/12/heres-the-energy-and-environment-policy-passed-with-the-relief-bill.Google Scholar
St. John, J.. “Congress Passes Spending Bill with Solar, Wind Tax Credit Extensions and Energy R&D Package.” Greentech Media, December 22, 2020. www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/solar-and-wind-tax-credit-extensions-energy-rd-package-in-spending-bill-before-congress.Google Scholar
Wise, C. R. and Witesman, E. M.. “Direct Government Investment: Perverse Privatization or New Tool of Government?Public Administration Review 79, no. 2 (2018): 168179. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/puar.12987.Google Scholar
Iaconangelo, D.. “DOE Program May Save – or Thwart – Biden’s Energy Plan.” E&E News, January 26, 2021.Google Scholar
Government Accountability Office. Advanced Fossil Energy: Information on DOE Provided Funding for Research and Development Projects Started from Fiscal Years 2010 through 2017. Report by F. Rusco et al. (September 2018). www.gao.gov/assets/gao-18-619.pdf.Google Scholar
Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis. Carbon Capture and Storage Is about Reputation, Not Economics. Report by C. Butler (July 2020). https://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/CCS-Is-About-Reputation-Not-Economics_July-2020.pdf.Google Scholar
Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis. Petra Nova Mothballing Post-Mortem: Closure of Texas Carbon Capture Plant Is a Warning Sign. Report by D. Wamsted and D. Schlissel (August 2020). https://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Petra-Nova-Mothballing-Post-Mortem_August-2020.pdf.Google Scholar
Webster, M. et al. “Should We Give Up after Solyndra? Optimal Technology R&D Portfolios under Uncertainty.” Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists 4, no. S1 (2017): S123S151.Google Scholar
Sobczyk, N. and Koss, G.. “Congress Passes Major Climate Legislation in Year-End Omnibus.” E&E News, December 22, 2020.Google Scholar
Kennedy, J., Collins, S. M. et al. Letter in Support of Sending the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol to the Senate for Its Advice and Consent. Submitted to President D. J. Trump. June 4, 2018.Google Scholar
Mooney, C.. “Nearly 200 Nations to Reduce Use of Super-Polluting Hydrofluorocarbons.” Washington Post, October 15, 2016.Google Scholar
Benedick, R. E.. Ozone Diplomacy: New Directions in Safeguarding the Planet. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Jacobson, M. Z.. “The Health and Climate Impacts of Carbon Capture and Direct Air Capture.” Energy & Environmental Science 12, no. 12 (2019): 35673574.Google Scholar
Sgouridis, S. et al. “Comparative Net Energy Analysis of Renewable Electricity and Carbon Capture and Storage.” Nature Energy 4 (2019): 456465. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0365-7.Google Scholar
Cunliff, C.. “An Innovation Agenda for Hard-to-Decarbonize Energy Sectors.” Issues in Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (2019): 7479.Google Scholar
Exxon Mobil. Energy and Carbon Summary: Scope 3 Emissions (January 5, 2021). https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/Sustainability/Energy-and-Carbon-Summary/Scope-3-emissions.Google Scholar
Axelrod, J. and Fettus, G. H., “Fossils and Nukes: The Downsides to Congress’ Latest Actions.” Expert Blog, National Resource Defense Council, 2020.Google Scholar
Barich, A. and Holzman, J.. “Biden Victory Could Be a Boon for Uranium, But Obstacles Remain.” S&P Global Market Intelligence, November 20, 2020. www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/biden-victory-could-be-a-boon-for-uranium-but-obstacles-remain-61317068.Google Scholar
Krzyzaniak, J.. “Trump’s $1.5 Billion Uranium Stockpile: A Solution in Search of a Problem.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, February 24, 2020. https://thebulletin.org/2020/02/trumps-1-5-billion-uranium-stockpile-a-solution-in-search-of-a-problem.Google Scholar
Government Accountability Office. Uranium Management: Actions to Mitigate Risks to Domestic Supply Chain Could Be Better Planned and Coordinated. Report by A. Bawden (Washington, DC: December 2020). www.gao.gov/assets/gao-21-28.pdf.Google Scholar
Turner, J. M. and Isenberg, A. C.. The Republican Reversal: Conservatives and the Environment from Nixon to Trump. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Oreskes, N. and Conway, E. M.. Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Climate Change. New York: Bloomsbury, 2011.Google Scholar
Brulle, R. J., Hall, G., Loy, L. and Schell-Smith, K.. “Obstructing Action: Foundation Funding and US Climate Change Counter-Movement Organizations.” Climatic Change 166, no. 1 (2021): 17.Google Scholar
Lenzi, D.. “The Ethics of Negative Emissions.” Global Sustainability 1, no. e7 (2018): 18. https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2018.5.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×