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9 - Atmospheric Particles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2019

Christian Seigneur
Christian Seigneur
Affiliation:
École des Ponts Paris Tech
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Summary

Atmospheric particles and, in particular, fine particles are one of the major components of air pollution. They lead to significant adverse health effects, degrade atmospheric visibility, are involved in cloud formation and precipitation, and play a role in climate change. Particles have various sizes, ranging from ultrafine and fine to coarse, and different chemical compositions, since they may contain a large number of different inorganic and organic species. In addition, particles typically include a primary fraction, which has been emitted from various sources directly into the atmosphere, and a secondary fraction, which has been formed in the atmosphere via chemical reactions from precursor gases. The secondary fraction generally dominates the mass of fine particles. Therefore, the development of efficient emission control strategies to decrease the ambient concentrations of atmospheric particles is a challenging task, because it requires identifying the numerous sources of atmospheric particles, including those of the gaseous precursors of the secondary fraction, in order to properly characterize the processes that govern particulate matter (PM) formation and understand the complex relationships that link gaseous precursors and the secondary PM fraction.

Type
Chapter
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Air Pollution
Concepts, Theory, and Applications
 , pp. 190 - 238
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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