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Page 2408 of 165435

  • 4 - Royal landscapes

  • Michael Symes
  • Book:
    Prints and the Landscape Garden
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    15 May 2024
    Print publication:
    10 January 2024, pp 52-69

  • Summary

    In the 17th century it was the royal and court gardens that set the trends and dictated taste. The determining factor was French influence, Charles II having spent his exile there. The most magnificent garden of the time was Hampton Court, its canal being originally the longest stretch of garden water. At the same time, however, there were extensive avenue gardens being laid out, as at Badminton, which stretched into three counties. But, after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the rise of the Protestant succession ensured a gradual weakening of the power of French (Catholic) taste, and this was combined with the supremacy of Parliament which diminished the authority of the monarch. Translated into garden terms, this meant that the aristocrats who ran the country through Parliament, mainly the Whigs in the 18th century, began to create the grandest gardens in the country, eclipsing those of the monarch.

    While gardens were still largely formal, the royal estates, especially those that were open to the public, like Kensington Gardens, continued to hold importance even though they were now being challenged by such creations as Stowe and Wanstead (the ‘English Versailles’). They were depicted in prints and were well known and admired. But although the royal gardens tended to uphold tradition – especially Hampton Court – the early stirrings of the landscape movement can be detected in two of the sites, Richmond Gardens and Kensington Gardens. It is likely that Queen Caroline, wife of George II, was responsible for both initiatives, though working through the designers Bridgeman and Kent. Later gardens, especially Virginia Water and the second phase of Kew, show the full flowering of the landscape garden.

    Richmond Gardens

    Richmond Gardens, comprising the riverside strip of present-day Kew, were at the time separate, and not amalgamated with Kew until 1802. It was the property of the monarch, as opposed to Kew, which was in the care of the Prince of Wales, and, later, his widow Augusta. The two gardens could hardly have contrasted more.

    In the case of Richmond, the layout by Bridgeman was formal but asymmetrical, and some irregular curves can be seen in the network of paths.

Is the Bangladesh Paradox Sustainable?
  • The Institutional Diagnostic Project
  • Edited by Selim Raihan, François Bourguignon, Umar Salam
  • Published online:
    10 January 2024
    Print publication:
    18 January 2024
  • Bangladesh is widely seen as a 'paradox'. Over the last quarter of a century, it has maintained economic growth and has outperformed many countries on social indicators while scoring very low on the quality of governance. Moreover, its economic progress does not seem to indicate significant improvement in comparative institutional indicators. Is the Bangladesh Paradox Sustainable? thus examines whether such a paradoxical combination can be sustained in the long run if growth continues with no improvement in the quality of institutions. It argues that although Bangladesh has become the second largest world exporter in the garments, export diversification is needed, both within and outside the garment sector, if it is to maintain its development pace. Based on a thorough account of the country's economic, social and political development, this companion volume analyzes Bangladesh's critical institution- and development-sensitive areas such as the garment sector, banking, taxation, land management, the judiciary, and education. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

  • The Convocation of 1437

  • Edited by Gerald Bray
  • Book:
    Records of Convocation
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    10 January 2024, pp 357-368

  • Summary

    Acts of the convocation

    [10 lr] Convocatio praelatorum et cleri Cantuariensis provinciae, facta per reverendissimum in Christo patrem et dominum Dominum Henricum, permissione divina Cantuariensem archiepiscopum, totius Angliae primatem et apostolicae sedis legatum, in ecclesia Sancti Pauli Londoniarum, die Lunae paenultimo die mensis Aprilis anno Domini MCCCCXXXVIImo et translations eiusdem reverendissimi patris anno vicesimo quarto.

    Monday 29 April 1437

    E[o]dem vero paenultimo die mensis Aprilis missa de Spiritu Sancto per dictum reverendissimum patrem apud summum altare in ecclesia Sancti Pauli Londoniarum, solemniter celebrata idem reverendissimus pater una cum confratribus suis dominis Willelmo Lincolniensi, Thoma Norwicensi, Thoma Menevensi, Thoma Wigorniensi, et Iohanne Assavensi episcopis protunc praesentibus ad capellam Beatae Mariae in orientali parte eiusdem ecclesiae accessit, et facta ibidem collatione solemni (ut moris est) in Latinis coram domino et dictis confratribus suis ac praelatis aliis quampluribus cleroque et populo in multitudine non modica congregatis per Magistrum Iohannem Carpenter sacrae paginae professorem ac magistrum hospitalis Sancti Antonii Londoniensis, et finita, lectum erat incontinenti certiflcatorium venerabilis patris Domini Roberti, Londoniensis episcopi, tenorem continens subsequentem:

    The certificate of the bishop of London containing the archbishop's mandate

    Reverendissimo in Christo patri et domino Domino Henrico, Dei gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, totius Angliae primati et apostolicae sedis legato, ipsiusve locum tenentfem] vel commissarium in hac parte quibuscunque Robertus, permissione divina Londoniensis episcopus, oboedientiam et reverentiam tanto patri debitas cum honore. Commissionis vestrae literas quinto decimo die mensis Martii ultimo praeterito [15 March 1437] reverentiarecepimus tenorem qui sequitur continentes:

    Henricus, permissione divina etc. venerabili fratri nostro Domino Roberto, Dei gratia Londoniensi episcopo, salutem et fraternam in Domino caritatem. Breve regium quarto decimo die instantis mensis Martii [14 March 1437] recepimus in haec verba:

    Henricus, Dei gratia rex Angliae et Franciae et dominus Hiberniae, venerabili in Christo patri H[enrico] eadem gratia archiepiscopo Cantuariensi, totius Angliae primati, salutem.

  • William III (1689-1702) and Mary II (1689-94)

  • Edited by Gerald Bray
  • Book:
    Records of Convocation
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    10 January 2024, pp 31-34

  • Summary

    Parliament

    1692 5 October to 3 November. Dissolved on 26 June 1693.

    Tuesday 11 October 1692.29 A commons committee was set up to consider all aspects of religion.

    1695 27 August to 3 December 1697

    Thursday 9 September 1697. Sir Richard Bulkeley31 reported from the committee on religion that Christianity not mysterious should be burnt by the common hangman, and its author, John Toland, should be arrested and prosecuted.

    1698 27 September to 26 January 1699. Dissolved on 14 June 1699.

    Saturday 15 January 1699. In discussion of an act for raising £120,000, the clergy's right to exempt themselves was accepted.

    Monday 24 January 1699. The house of commons heard representations from Charles Northcote and Francis Higgins on behalf of the inferior clergy, demanding exemption from the above tax.

    Tuesday 25 January 1699. The journal of the house of lords contains the following:

    Whereas it hath always been the right of the clergy of Ireland to assess themselves by way of subsidy in convocation, and against which no precedent hath been offered, we the archbishops and bishops of the said kingdom, not having at present an opportunity of meeting in convocation, think it our duty for a saving to the aforesaid right, to declare that it belongeth and of due appertained to the clergy of this realm, assembled in convocation, to grant subsidies only of the lands, titles, tenements and hereditaments belonging to ecclesiastical persons, notwithstanding there hath been an engrossed bill brought up from the commons and passed the house, entitled: ‘An act for raising £120,000 on all lands, tenements and hereditaments in this kingdom', by which the lands of the persons abovesaid are assessed without their consent. And we do protest that the same right not to be drawn into example, to the prejudice of the ancient rights of the church of this kingdom.

    Letter of Bishop William King of Deny to Bishop Foy, 5 October 1697

    I own every one of those things you mention; they are in my thoughts, and I believe the laity might be brought to comply with us in most of them. But the clergy are resolute against them, and to struggle about them is to make that averseness public.

  • The effect of timers and precommitments on handwashing: a randomised controlled trial in a kitchen laboratory

  • James Thom, Sarah Bowen, Yuchen Yang, Sanjeev Devarajan, Helen Doran, Marios Zampetis, Trisevgeni Papakonstantinou, Maria McDonagh, Robert McPhedran, Ben Toombs, Ayla Ibrahimi Jarchlo, Alice Rayner, Philip Jones, Natalie Gold
  • Journal:
    Behavioural Public Policy , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 January 2024, pp. 1-25
    • Article
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  • Many foodborne illness outbreaks originate in food service establishments. We tested two behavioural interventions designed to improve the duration and quality of handwashing. We ran a three-armed parallel trial in a laboratory kitchen, from 7 March to 27 May 2022. Participants were n = 195 workers who handle food. We randomly allocated participants to three groups: Timer – tap-mounted timer that counted seconds while participants washed their hands; Precommitment – agreed to five statements on good hand hygiene before attending the kitchen; and Control. Participants completed a food preparation task under time pressure. Cameras focused on the sink captured handwashing. Outcome measures were number of times participants washed their hands; number of times they washed their hands using soap; number of times they washed using soap and washed the backs of their hands; and mean duration of handwashing attempts using soap. Participants in Timer washed their hands for 1.9 s longer on average than Control (β = 2.20, 95% CI = 0.34-4.06, p = 0.021). Participants in Precommitment washed their hands for 2.5 s longer on average than Control (β = 2.30, 95% CI = 0.33-4.27, p = 0.022). We found no statistically significant differences on any other outcome measure.

  • Chapter 10 - Enhancing young children’s science identity through pedagogical practices

  • from Part 2 - How can I enhance children’s learning of science?
  • Edited by Coral Campbell, Deakin University, Victoria, Christine Howitt, University of Western Australia, Perth
  • Book:
    Science in Early Childhood
    Published online:
    13 December 2023
    Print publication:
    10 January 2024, pp 151-162

  • Summary

    Chapter 10 explores how young children’s science identity can be enhanced when thoughtful pedagogy is provided by the EC professional. The first part of this chapter presents the definitions of science identity and pedagogy, followed by an exploration of the relationship between EC professional beliefs and what they teach. The second half of the chapter presents two case studies to illustrate pedagogical practices associated with the learning and teaching of science with young children, using play as a medium, in order to enhance their science identity.

  • Chapter 17 - Science education: professional learning through reflective practice

  • from Part 4 - How do I plan and assess in science?
  • Edited by Coral Campbell, Deakin University, Victoria, Christine Howitt, University of Western Australia, Perth
  • Book:
    Science in Early Childhood
    Published online:
    13 December 2023
    Print publication:
    10 January 2024, pp 264-277

  • Summary

    Finally, Chapter 17 refers to an important aspect of the role of any EC professional – ongoing professional learning. This chapter discusses reflective practice and critical reflection as a means of ensuring that EC professionals review and monitor their own practice and understand how this practice affects children’s learning outcomes. Tools such as reflective journals and professional portfolios are discussed. The theoretical aspects of EC professionals’ pedagogical content knowledge, content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge are explored.

  • The Convocation of 1370

  • Edited by Gerald Bray
  • Book:
    Records of Convocation
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    10 January 2024, pp 163-166

  • Summary

    The archbishop's mandate for the convocation

    Iohannes, permissione divina Eboracensis archiepiscopus, Angliae primas apostolicae sedis legatus, venerabili fratri nostro Domino Thomae Dei gratia Dunelmensi episcopo suffraganeo nostro salutem et fraternam in Domino caritatem. Breve regium nuper recepimus in haec verba:

    Edwardus, Dei gratia rex Angliae et Franciae et dominus Hiberniae venerabili [in Christo] Iohanni, eadem gratia archiepiscopo Eboracensi Angliae primati, salutem. Qualiter negotia tam nos et statum regni nostri quam necessariam defensionem eisdem contingentia ac onera nobis propter hoc incumbent procuratoribus vestris ac praelatis in ultimo praeterito parliamento existentibus plenius exposuimus vos non latet ad quorum onerum supportationem absque adiutorio fidelium nostrorum non sufficimus sicut scitis, per quod aliquod subsidium congruum in suppeditationem clintorum onerum a vobis et aliis de clero dioecesis et provinciae vestrarum in dicto parliamento tune praesentibus nobis concedi petimus sicut urgens necessitas et evidens utilitas exposuit et nos pro dicto negotio quae salvationem tam dictae ecclesiae quam regni nostri Angliae concernentia matiuriori deliberatione valebat expediri vobis in fide ac dilectione quibus nobis tenemini rogando mandamus quod attentis tam tam arduitate negotiorum praedictorum quam praedicto quo pro defectu defensionis huius verisimiliter evenire possent, et suffraganeos vestros decanos et priores ecclesiarum cathedralium, abbates et priores et alios electivos exemptos et non exemptos, necnon archidiaconos et capitula conventus et collegia totumque clerum cuiuslibet dioecesis dictae vestrae provinciae ad comparendum coram vobis in ecclesia cathedrali Beati Petri Eboracensis vel alibi prout expedire videritis ad breviorem diem quern poteritis, more solito convocari faciatis et expositis eis dictis negotiis ibidem congruos ad aliquod competens subsidium nobis in auxilium supportationis dictorum onerum concedendum cum efficacitate mandatis et partes vestras ad hoc effectualiter apponatis, nos de qualitate subsidii illius ac de termino solutionis eiusdem certificando hoc sicut nos et honorem nostrum ac salvationem et defensionem regni et ecclesiae diligitis nullatenus omittatis. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium undecimo die Octobris anno regni nostri Angliae quadragesimo tertio et regni nostri Franciae tricesimo [11 October 1369].

  • The Convocation of 1442

  • Edited by Gerald Bray
  • Book:
    Records of Convocation
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    10 January 2024, pp 443-448

  • Summary

    The archbishop's mandate

    Robertas, permissione divina Dunelmensis episcopus, dilecto filio nostro priori ecclesiae nostrae cathedralis Dunelmensis, salutem, gratiam et benedictionem. Literas reverendissimi in Christo patris et domini Domini Iohannis, tituli Sanctae Balbinae sacrosanctae Romanae ecclesiae presbyteri cardinalis, Eboracensis archiepiscopi, Angliae primatis et apostolicae sedis legati nuper recepimus, tenorem qui sequitur in se continentes.

    Iohannes, miseratione divina tituli Sanctae Balbinae sacrosanctae Romanae ecclesiae presbyter cardinalis, Eboracensis archiepiscopus, Angliae primas et apostolicae sedis legatus, venerabili in Christo fratri et suffraganeo nostro Domino Roberto, Dei gratia Dunelmensi episcopo, salutem et fraternam in Domino caritatem. Noveritis nos nuper recepisse breve regium in haec verba:

    Henricus, Dei gratia rex Angliae et Franciae et dominus Hiberniae venerabili in Christo patri Iohanni, eadem gratia archiepiscopo Eboracensi Angliae primati, salutem. Quibusdam arduis et urgentibus negotiis nos, statum regni nostri ac honorem et utilitatem Ecclesiae Anglicanae intime concernentibus, vobis in fide et dilectione quibus nobis tenemini rogando mandamus quatenus praemissis debito intuitu attentis et ponderatis universos et singulos episcopos vestrae provinciae ac decanos et priores ecclesiarum cathedralium abbates et priores et alios electivos exemptos et non exemptos necnon archidiaconos, capitula, conventus et collegia totumque clerum cuiuslibet dioecesis eiusdem provinciae ad comparendum coram vobis in ecclesia cathedrali Beati Petri Eboracensis vel alibi prout melius expedire videritis, cum omni celeritate accommoda more debito convocari faciatis, ad tractandum, concordandum, consentiendum et concludendum super praemissis et aliis quae sibi clarius exponentur tune ibidem ex parte nostra. Et hoc sicut nos et statum dicti regni ac honorem et utilitatem ecclesiae praedictae diligitis nullatenus omittatis. Teste rege apud Westmonasterium vicesimo sexto die Ianuarii anno regni nostri vicesimo [26 January 1442].

    Volentes igitur praefatis domini nostri regis parere rogatibus et mandatis, sicuti tenemur et debemus eadem diligenter exequi et implere, tenore praesentium vos peremptorie citamus ac priorem ecclesiae vestrae Dunelmensis et capitulum eiusdem universosque abbates et priores alios etiam electivos exemptos et non exemptos, archidiaconos, decanos, capitula, conventus et collegia, clerumque totum dictarum civitatis et dioecesis Dunelmensium per vos citari in virtute oboedientiae volumus et mandamus quod vos reverende frater dictique abbates, priores, archidiaconi et decani personaliter, conventus vero capitula et collegia huiusmodi per procuratores suos singulos, atque clerus per duos sufficientes procuratores et idoneos ab ipsis conventibus, capitulis, collegiis et clero legitime deputatos, in ecclesia nostra cathedrali Sancti Petri Eboracensis, quarto die mensis Octobris proximo futuro [4 October 1442]

  • The Currency of Politics: Rejoinder

  • Stefan Eich
  • Journal:
    European Law Open / Volume 2 / Issue 3 / September 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 January 2024, pp. 671-691
    • Article
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  • This response gives me the opportunity to clarify, extend, and complement several aspects of my conceptual and historical argument in The Currency of Politics. I do so primarily by situating my account more explicitly within debates over European monetary politics, by expanding on my use of history, and by articulating what differentiates my concern with the political theory of money and the politics of depoliticisation from complementary accounts. In doing so I elaborate on the ways in which engagement with the thought of John Maynard Keynes helped to structure my approach. While there are important limits to the politics of money under contemporary capitalism, these limits are not fixed economic ones but are better seen as political limits of monetary politics that nonetheless leave considerable space for articulating alternative demands for more democratic forms of money. This framing allows me to extend my argument in order to address contemporary struggles over credit policy, monetary reform, and climate change in Europe. I thus end with a set of critical reflections on the constitutional status of money in the European project and beyond.

  • The Convocation of April 1391

  • Edited by Gerald Bray
  • Book:
    Records of Convocation
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    10 January 2024, pp 129-136

  • Summary

    Acts of the convocation

    Monday 17 April 1391

    [75r] Convocatio praelatorum et cleri provinciae Cantuariensis facta per dominum [archiepiscopum] in ecclesia Sancti Pauli Londoniarum, decimo septimo die Aprilis anno Domini millesimo tricesimo nonagesimo primo, indictione quartadecima, pontificatus sanctissimi patris Domini Bonifatii, divina providentia papae noni anno secundo, videlicet comparentibus coram domino in eadem ecclesia personaliter venerabilibus in Christo patribus dominis Londoniensi, Wintoniensi, [Bathonensi et] Wellensi, Eliensi, Lichfieldensi, Sarisbiriensi, Menevensi, Bangorensi, Herefordensi et Cicestrensi episcopis ac aliorum episcoporum tune absentium procuratoribus et quampluribus abbatibus, prioribus et ecclesiarum cathedralium decanis personaliter pro seipsis, capitulisque singulamm ecclesiarum cathedralium totius provinciae Cantuariensis per ipsorum procuratores sufficienter et legitime constitutos comparentibus ac clerum uniuscuiusque diocesis, exceptis cleris inferius propter absentiam per dominum contumaces pronuntiatis etiam comparentibus, reverendus pater dominus Londoniensis episcopus missam de Sancto Spiritu ad summum altare eiusdem ecclesiae Londoniarum celebravit. Qua finita, dominus una cum dictis suis suffraganeis et aliis ecclesiarum praelatis ac procuratoribus huiusmodi ad capellam Beatae Mariae ultra chorum eiusdem ecclesiae Londoniarum accessit et ibidem quandam collationem fecit, sump to pro themate: ‘Viriliter agite et confortetur cor vestrum' et in eadem collatione causam suae convocationis huiusmodi et necessitatem dicti domini nostri summi pontificis declaravit, completaque collatione huiusmodi ex parte reverendi patris domini Landavensis episcopi coram domino exhibitum fuit quoddam certificatorium super mandato domini sibi pro eadem convocatione directo, continens hunc tenorem:

    Reverendissimo in Christo patri ac domino Domino Willelmo, Dei gratia Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, totius Angliae primati et apostolicae sedis legato, Robertus, permissione divina Londoniensis episcopus, oboedientiam et reverentiam tanto patri debitas cum honore. Commissionis vestrae literas nuper recepimus tenorem qui sequitur continentes:

    Willelmus, permissione divina Cantuariensis archiepiscopus, totius Angliae primas et apostolicae sedis legatus, venerabili fratri nostro Domino Roberto, Dei gratia Londoniensi episcopo salutem et fraternam in Domino caritatem. A tempore quo Cantuariensi ecclesiae praefuimus, quamvis immeriti et indigni, optavimus et optamus praelatos et clerum nostrae Cantuariensis provinciae a laboriosis et sumptuosis vexationibus praeservare, usque in quiete fovere ut Altissimo regi regum possent liberius deservire, sed urgentia et ardua negotia tangentia statum universalis ecclesiae multos quodammodo nos impellunt hac vice praelatos et clerum dictae nostrae provinciae contra nostrum praeconceptum propositum convocare.

  • The Convocation of 1316

  • Edited by Gerald Bray
  • Book:
    Records of Convocation
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    10 January 2024, pp 9-14

  • Summary

    The first summons

    Venerabili in Christo patri Domino Richardo, Dei gratia Dunelmensi episcopo, R[obertus] decanus et capitulum ecclesiae Beati Petri Eboracensis, custodes spiritualitatum archiepiscopatus eiusdem sede vacante, salutem cum reverentia et honore debitis tanto patri. Literas domini nostri regis Angliae illustris tertio Kalendarum Martii [28 February 1316] recepimus in haec verba:

    Edwardus, Dei gratia rex Angliae, dominus Hiberniae et dux Aquitaniae, dilectis sibi in Christo custodibus spiritualitatum Eboracensium sede vacante, salutem. Firma fiducia credimus et speramus quod ad ea quae regni nostri salvationem et populi nobis commissi tranquillitatem et quietem respiciunt cum Dei adiutorio feliciter promovenda manus velitis extendere liberaliter adiutrices. Quidem itaque praelati et alii de clero provinciae Eboracensis quos ad interessendum parliamento nostro apud Lincolniam fecimus sum[m]oneri, ibidem ex parte nostra super subsidio nobis pro guerra Scotiae faciendo requisiti, ad urgentem necessitatem in hac parte et inevitabile periculum, quod tarn Ecclesiae Anglicanae quam nobis et toti populo nostro ex Scotorum inimicorum et rebellium nostrorum, qui pluries regnum nostrum hostiliter sunt ingressi, depraedationes, incendia, homicidia et alia damna quamplurima inhumaniter perpetrando obstinata malitia poterit im[m]inere, nisi ipsorum nequitiae citius et potentius cum Dei adiutorio resistatur, suae considerationis intuitum dirigentes ad subsidium nobis ex causa praedicta faciendum, quatenus in vestra et quorundam aliorum tarn praelatorum quam religiosorum et ceterorum de clero dictae provinciae qui in dicto parliamento praesentes non fuerunt coram vobis ad tractandum et consentiendum vestra auctoritate interveniente de certo subsidio nobis ut praemittitur faciendo in loco debito convocentur. Nos igitur requirimus cum effectu quatenus omnes praelatos, tarn religiosos quam alios, ceterosque de clero provinciae supradictae quod sint coram vobis apud Eboracum a die Paschae proximo futuro [11 April 1316] in unum mensem ad ultimum ad tractandum in praesentia vestra et una vobiscum consentiendum super subsidio memorato convocari faciatis, apponentes opem et operam efficaces ut pro guerra nostra praedicta ad praesens competens subsidium nobis fiat. Mittemus autem ad vos ad diem praedictum quosdam de consilio nostro ad responsionem vestram super dicto subsidio nomine [sic] audiendam et nobis postmodum reportandam. Teste meipso apud Lincolniam, decimo sexto die Februarii, anno regni nostri nono [16 February 1316].

  • The convocation of 1830-1

  • Edited by Gerald Bray
  • Book:
    Records of Convocation
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    10 January 2024, pp 203-214

  • Summary

    The names of the right reverend the bishops and clergy of the province of Canterbury cited to appear in convocation in the chapter house of the cathedral church of St Paul, London, on the twenty-seventh October 1830 [27 October 1830].

    William [Howley], lord archbishop of Canterbury.

    Charles James [Blomfield], lord bishop of London.

    Charles Richard [Sumner], lord bishop of Winchester.

    Henry [Ryder], lord bishop of Lichfield and Coventry.

    John [Kaye], lord bishop of Lincoln.

    George Henry [Law], lord bishop of Bath and Wells.

    Ffolliott [Herbert Walker Cornewall], lord bishop of Worcester.

    Robert James [Carr], lord bishop of Chichester.

    George Isaac [Huntingford], lord bishop of Hereford.

    Christopher [Bethell], lord bishop of Exeter.

    John Banks [Jenkinson], lord bishop of St David's.

    Thomas [Burgess], lord bishop of Salisbury.

    Henry [Bathurst], lord bishop of Norwich.

    William [Carey], lord bishop of St Asaph.

    Robert [Gray], lord bishop of Bristol.

    George [Murray], lord bishop of Rochester.

    Bowyer Edward [Sparke], lord bishop of Ely.

    James Henry [Monk], lord bishop of Gloucester.

    Richard [Bagot], lord bishop of Oxford.

    Herbert [Marsh], lord bishop of Peterborough.

    Edward [Copleston], lord bishop of Llandaff.

    Bangor - vacant.

    Canterbury:

    Richard Bagot D. D., dean.

    James Croft M. A., archdeacon.

    William Welfitt D. D., proctor for the chapter.

    Edward Nares,

    William Frederick Bayley, proctors for the clergy.

    London:

    Edward, lord bishop of Llandaff, dean.

    Thomas Hughes D. D., proctor for the chapter.

    Joseph Holden Pott M. A., archdeacon of London.

    Hugh Chambers Jones, archdeacon of Essex.

    George Owen Cambridge M. A., archdeacon of Middlesex.

    William Rowe Lyall, archdeacon of Colchester.

    John James Watson D. D., archdeacon of Saint Albans.

    George Richards D. D.,

    Richard Lendon M. A., proctors for the clergy.

    Winchester:

    [Thomas Rennell,] dean.

    Proctor for the chapter.

    Charles James Hoare M. A., archdeacon of Winchester.

    Honourable Thomas de Grey M. A., archdeacon of Surrey.

    Henry Lee M. A., proctor for the archdeaconry of Winchester.

    Arthur Henry Kenny D. D., proctor for the archdeaconry of Surrey.

    Bath and Wells:

    Honourable Henry [Ryder], lord bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, dean.

    John Watson Beadon, precentor.

    Frederick Beadon, chancellor.

    Robert Vanbrugh Law M. A., treasurer.

    Charles Edmund Keene M. A., subdean.

    Frederick Beadon M. A., proctor for the chapter.

    Charles Abel Moysey D. D., archdeacon of Bath.

  • Cross-language semantic-affective interaction – with evidence from Chinese EFL learners

  • Xuanchen Ye, Cuilian Zhao
  • Journal:
    Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 January 2024, pp. 1-11
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  • Semantic and affective priming have long been treated separately in psycholinguistic studies. Recently, however, the question of whether and how these two primings interact has become controversial, especially in cross-language contexts where such discussions are rare. In the present study, four mixed-design experiments were conducted with Chinese EFL learners to investigate cross-language semantic-affective interactions: 3 (prime valence: negative, positive, neutral) × 2 (semantic relatedness: related, unrelated). Results show that semantic priming effects occurred in the L1L1 and L1L2 conditions, whereas affective priming effects were observed in the L2L2 condition. In the L2L1 priming condition, only emotion primes induced cross-language priming. These results suggest that semantic and emotional accesses are activated automatically and separately, but can facilitate cross-language word processing mutually. The results support the hierarchical representation of semantic features of emotion words from L1 to L2 in the unbalanced bilingual mental lexicon, while affective attributes are spread across a distributed network.

  • The Provincial Council of 1432

  • Edited by Gerald Bray
  • Book:
    Records of Convocation
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    10 January 2024, pp 415-422

  • Summary

    The archbishop's mandate for the convocation

    Iohannes, permissione divina Eboracensis archiepiscopus, Angliae primas et apostolicae sedis legatus venerabili fratri nostro Domino Thomae, Dei gratia Dunelmensi episcopo suffraganeo nostro salutem, et fraternam in Domino caritatem. Quamquam sacrorum canonum definiant instituta quod per metropolitanos singulos in suis provinciis saltern semel in anno pro corrigendis erroribus, moribus reformandis, emendandis excessibus et ecclesiasticis negotiis, causis et querelis pertractandis et debita cum maturitate discutiendis provincialia concilia celebrentur, hoc tamen tune potissimum noscitur exequendum cum grandia nimis et ardua negotia multiplicibus implicita difficultatibus manifestis onusta periculis non unius provinciae solitus vel ecclesiae sed ecclesiarum omnium statum et tranquillitatem concernentia emergere contigerit aut imminere, quibus pro congruentis appositione remedii seu medelae maturi deliberatione concilii occurrere necesse constat et providere. His igitur et aliis legitimis de causis venerabiles confratres ecclesiae nostrae suffraganeos ceterosque praelatos, exemptos et non exemptos, ac clerum provinciae nostrae Eboracensis ad diem et locum infrascriptos decrevimus convocandos. Quocirca, reverende frater, tenore praesentium peremptorie vos citamus ac priorem ecclesiae vestrae Dunelmensis et capitulum eiusdem universosque abbates et priores alios etiam electivos exemptos et non exemptos, archidiaconos, decanos, capitula, conventus et collegia, clerumque totum dictarum civitatis et dioecesis Dunelmensium per vos citari in virtute oboedientiae volumus, et mandamus quod vos reverende frater dictique abbates, priores, archidiaconi et decani personaliter, conventus vero capitula et collegia huiusmodi per procuratores suos singulos, clerusque per duos procuratores sufficientes et idoneos ab ipsis conventibus, capitulis, collegiis et clero legitime deputatos, in ecclesia nostra cathedrali Sancti Petri Eboracensis tertio die mensis Octobris proximo futuri [3 October 1432] coram nobis seu nostris locumtenentibus aut commissariis seu commissario in eaparte deputatis seu deputato compareatis et compareant ac eorum quilibet compareat, de et super praemissis et aliis quae ibidem exponi contigerit una nobiscum vel cum nostris commissariis aut commissario huiusmodi aliisque praelatis dictae nostrae provinciae tractaturi, vestrumque ac suum consilium in ea parte impensuri, his etiam quae ibidem concorditer ordinari contigerit consensuri ulteriusque facturi et recepturi quod huiusmodi convocationis negotia exigunt et natura Vobis etiam reverende frater per praesentes intimamus et denuntiamus ac per vos singulis abbatibus, prioribus, archidiaconis et decanis ac aliis dictarum civitatis et dioecesis praelatis intimari volumus et iniungi quod vos aut ipsos a personali comparitione in huiusmodi congregatione dictis die et loco nostra auctoritate Deo concedente facienda excusatos habere non intendimus ista vice, sed absentium contumacias, si qui forsan absentes fiierint, iuxta iuris exigentiam canonice puniemus.

  • The Convocation of 1398

  • Edited by Gerald Bray
  • Book:
    Records of Convocation
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    10 January 2024, pp 183-188

  • Summary

    The proxy of the bishop of Exeter

    Universis pateat per praesentes quod nos Edmundus, miseratione divina Exoniensis episcopus, variis arduis et urgentibus negotiis dominum regem et regnum Angliae concementibus praepediti, quominus in praelatorum et cleri Cantuariensis provinciae convocatione coram reverendissimo in Christo patre ac domino Domino Rogero, permissione divina Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, totius Angliae primate et apostolicae sedis legato ipsiusve commissariis seu locum tenentibus in ecclesia Sancti Pauli Londoniarum, ultimo die instantis mensis Februarii [28 February 1398], Deo annuente, salubriter celebranda personaliter petimus interesse dilectum nobis in Christo dominum Willelmum Langeton canonicum ecclesiae nostrae Exoniensis nostrum verum et legitimum procuratorem ordinamus, facimus et constituimus per praesentes, ad comparendum et interessendum pro nobis et nomine nostro dicto die et loco cum continuatione et prorogatione dierum tune sequentium et locorum ad tractandum cum dicto reverendissimo in Christo patre ac aliis regni Angliae praelatis super his de quibus in brevi regio nuper reverendissimo in Christo patri Domino Thomae tune Cantuariensi archiepiscopo directo fit mentio et aliis arduis et urgentibus negotiis statum et utilitatem ecclesiae et regni Angliae concementibus tune ibidem exponendis consiliumque et auxilium nomine nostro super his impendendum et consentiendum his quae ibidem ex deliberatione communi ad hhonorem Dei et ecclesiae suae ac utilitatem regni et totius rei publicae ut speratur contigerit concorditer ordinari, ulteriusque faciendi et recipiendi quod iustum fuerit et huiusmodi negotii qualitas et natura exigunt et requirunt causam quoque et causas absentiae nostrae allegandum et super eisdem si opus merit fidem faciendum et vestras probandum promittentes quicquid in praemissis per eundem procuratorem nostrum fieri contigerit et ordinari nos ratum et gratum perpetuo habituri. In cuius rei testimonium sigillum nostrum praesentibus est appensum. Datum in hospitio nostro Londoniis vicesimo quarto die mensis Februarii anno Domini millesimo tricentesimo nonagesimo septimo et nostrae consecrationis anno tertio [24 February 1398].

    The celebration of the feasts of Saints David, Chad, Winifred and Thomas Becket

    Robertus, permissione divina Londoniensis episcopus, dliecto in Christo filio archidiacono nostro Londoniensi salutem, gratiam et benedictionem. Literas reverendissimi in Christo patris et domini, Domini Rogeri, Dei gratia Cantuariensis archiepiscopi, totius Angliae primatis et apostolicae sedis legati, nuper recepimus, tenorem qui sequitur verborum continentes:

    Rogerus, permissione divina Cantuariensis archiepiscopus, totius Angliae primas et apostolicae sedis legatus, venerabili fratri nostro Domino Roberto, Dei gratia Londoniensi episcopo, salutem et fraternam in Domino caritatem.

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