Introduction; Barth’s theology of religion in the Church Dogmatics.

The idea of ‘sublimation’ in Hegel and Barth

This chapter offers an overview of historians’ writings about scale and their debates on micro- and macrohistory in the past half century. It is argued that the complex debates between followers of Italian microstoria, members of the Annales school, and social and cultural historians in the Anglo-American world need to be considered in the context of similar discussions and experiments with scale in literary writings, in artworks and especially in the scholarship in human geography. The chapter claims that, in an era of human-made climate crisis, we should reconsider how we conceptualise the role of particles, microbes, parasites, worms, and other animals in historical writing, going beyond the dichotomy of micro- and macrohistory. It is proposed that the geographer Neil Smith’s concept of ‘jumping scales’ is an especially productive way of discussing how hierarchical power structures are established and disrupted by agents operating at levels that range from the microscopical to the global.

We start by reviewing the Standard Model, its spectrum, symmetries, representations, and Lagrangian. Then, we consider the Grand Unified Theories extensions, in particular the SU(5) GUT, the SO(10) GUT, and other (bigger) groups. Then, we consider the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and Minimal Supergravity, and new low-energy string (supergravity) constructions.

This chapter explores the interplay between identification and distance that Lucian sets up for his readers in relationship to the speaking characters in the Dialogues of the Courtesans. While readers are, at times, invited to identify with the plights of these ‘others’ as partners in restrictive power structures, at other times, the otherness of the courtesans is emphasised through female verbal markers, female-specific cults, and women-only sexuality. Again and again, the subjectivity of the courtesan is offered to the reader, only to be withdrawn from their grasp. And, in fact, in its current form, the collection begins with a soldier and ends with a virgin – the courtesan managing to slip away. Lucian’s play with the courtesan’s subjectivity leaves his readers full of suspicions about intentional misdirection, both by the characters within the stories and by the author Lucian himself.

Further investigation of the foundation traditions of Metapontium, focusing on the persistence of much more ancient Indo-European mythic traditions and time-reckoning traditions and the presence of those elements in the bricolage that constitutes the Aeolian mythic system of Metapontium foundation narratives and their relationship to Anatolian Aeolian tradition.

“The universe, in its most profound structure, is essentially a participation of the First and simple Perfection from which it proceeds. It is above all the reflection and imitation of an absolutely perfect exemplar.” Thus concluded Louis-Bertrand Geiger in his unsurpassed treatment of participation in the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas.1 Within this frame, participation is at the culmination of Aquinas’ treatment of God Himself in the Summa theologiae, the Sending of the Divine Persons. There, two modes of God’s presence appear. First, there is a common one according to which God is in all things through the Proclean triad of essence, power and presence, just in the way a cause is in the effects which participate its goodness. Creation as a whole is participation of this kind.

This chapter operationalises a theory of value formation that suggests processes of valuation have two dimensions: evaluation and valorization. It argues that the value placed on a diamond after the practices of valuation have taken place has been altered by the very act itself – how the valuation has been done, by who and for what the purpose. The grading, pricing and trading of polished diamonds exist within a socialized sphere of interconnected relationships reinforced and impacted by power structures and institutional status at every point in the market. Using the diamond market case study, the chapter demonstrates how the institutions that structure the market are not static but dynamic, constantly challenged by the network of actors within the market. The resulting valuations and exchanges that are therefore both highly performative and hierarchical.

People reasonably expect their healthcare professionals to avoid causing harm. In the UK, there are various clinical and governance checks and balances to ensure that the individual is safe and treated with appropriate evidence-based care, and safeguards by the state to explore and investigate when these appear to have been breached. These include internal organisational disciplinary proceedings, public complaints processes, ombudsman investigations, civil claims for compensation, and criminal prosecutions, among others. In England and Wales, the coroner’s inquest is one such check and balance.

This chapter explores the seminal contribution to Islamic legal theory of al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111), focusing on his defence of legal analogy (qiyās) against its detractors in al-Mustaṣfā min ʿIlm al-Uṣūl. Al-Ghazālī discusses the justifications for analogy and bases its authority on revelation, rather than reason alone. He opposes both those who deem it rationally impossible to employ analogy in legal matters (against the Baghdādī Muʿtazila and the Shīʿa) and also those who deem it rationally necessary (such as the Baṣran Muʿtazilīs). His position is thus typically an Ashʿarī one: by showing that it is neither impossible nor necessary to use analogy, reason concludes that it is possible to use analogy. This discussion of a point of legal theory is thus heavily inflected by theological debates.