In Chapter 10, we discuss monopoly, degrees of monopoly power, and the “price searching” behavior of firms who have discretion over price. We detail various (natural and artificial) barriers to entry (and exit). We provide a conventional description of the inefficiencies of monopoly power, but also note how the possibility of (at least short-term) monopoly profits provides a useful (if not necessary) incentive for entrepreneurs to innovate and create new markets.

Ortaç Aydınoğlu explores the bandoneón as a symbol of tango, focusing on the great interpreters in Argentina and abroad. The Turkish bandoneonist and tango scholar recounts the international travels and “adventures” of his instrument through time, enlightening the reader about how and why it came to symbolize tango.

Consular work is perhaps the best example of diplomacy with a human touch, because consular officers touch people’s lives around the world every day, often in moments of great need, trauma or desperation. They serve on the front lines of diplomacy, guarding against threats far away from the home country’s physical borders. They protect those borders through the entry visas they decide to grant or deny, and assist home-country citizens in harm’s way. They provide what are known as cradle-to-grave services, including everything from issuing reports of birth abroad to visiting detained or imprisoned compatriots to issuing death certificates. Consular matters affect every bilateral relationship, and their impact is felt globally. Consular work will test you as an individual, including your ability to empathize while fairly applying laws and procedures.

Union citizenship was created to provide a closer bond between the European Union and the nationals of the Member States. It provides a frame for rights to move and reside throughout the EU, and to work and live in conditions of equality and non-discrimination within a host Member State. Union citizens also have the right to be accompanied by their families when they move, even if the family members are not Union citizens themselves. The very power and scope of these rights can make them controversial. The question of whether and when Union citizens should have access to benefits, whether their same-sex family arrangements should be recognised in Member States that do not allow same-sex marriage themselves, and the extent to which Member State nationality law is constrained by the fact that each Member States national is also a Union Citizen, have all been the subject of much discussed case law.

In Chapter 9, I move the focus from epistemology to ontology. I ask what kind of objects natural numbers are and show why different types of realist answers are problematic. I then endorse a constructivist account, according to which natural numbers exist as social constructs through our shared number concepts. This account is compatible with the social constructivist views of Cole and Feferman. However, I see my account as an improvement on their work because it provides a strong explanation as to why numbers are widely applicable social constructs. This explanation is based on the important role that proto-arithmetical abilities have both for the way we experience our environment and the development of arithmetic. Finally, I discuss the question of whether natural numbers as social constructs exist primarily as ordinals or cardinals, showing that, although more empirical research is needed, there is no reason to currently believe that natural numbers must be fundamentally ordinal.

Diplomats work in large and complex bureaucracies, in which structures, duties, responsibilities and authorities should be clearly defined–the alternative is a recipe for chaos at best and disaster at worst. A good officer should be able to work in any bureaucratic situation and be effective. To achieve that, one must have solid knowledge and understanding of policy structures, as well as the parallel, informal policymaking culture that each administration develops. That should be the backdrop against which diplomats inform and influence decision-making and implementation. The U.S. government uses the term “interagency” to describe both a structure and a mechanism through which policies are supposed to be developed, debated and presented to relevant Cabinet members, who head executive departments, and ultimately to the president for decision.

Probing further into the diachronic development of the intensifiers and their usage across the intensifier categories, time and the speaker groups, this chapter discusses possible factors that might account for the trends of development attested, among them various collocational features, the possible role played by the foreign origin of the terms, the potential interference on the part of the scribes taking down the notes, and stylistic shifts shaping the records for publication. The chapter also presents and explains a few interaction effects of time on the sociopragmatic variables (role, gender, and class) detected with the help of a supplementary regression model.

The development and appraisal of renewable energy schemes is described. The phases of project development are explained, as well as the importance of careful assessment of the renewable energy resource. The use of a special purpose vehicle (SPV) for the development of projects is discussed and the agreements and contracts that are required for a scheme are listed. Simple discounted cash flow calculations are used for the economic appraisal of a renewable energy scheme. The importance of the Environmental Impact Assessment and the production of an Environmental Statement are emphasized. The chapter is supported by 1 example, 7 questions with answers and full solutions in the accompanying online material. Further reading is identified.

The phrase ‘complex needs patient’ is often used by clinicians to describe a patient who presents with challenges and needs that require management approaches that are resource intensive and multi-focused. These individuals are often passed from service to service, with high costs to services across the board. In this chapter, we seek to define ‘complex needs patients’, recognising that for many clinicians the phrase refers to those individuals who present with severe mental illnesses together with other comorbid challenges including, but not limited to, serious physical illness, substance misuse or addiction, social problems including a lack of support, homelessness as well as problematic, absent or abusive relationships and the presence of another comorbid mental illness. This chapter explores the possible aetiological factors of complexity as well as its background and characteristics and discusses useful treatment modalities. Lastly, it considers the impact that the Covid-19 pandemic has had both in terms of disease presentation and the impact it has had on services.