This chapter further explores the bidimensional model of salience by probing forward-looking (imposed) salience. The forward-looking dimension involves two types of speakers’ guidance of hearer’s attention: active foregrounding of information, which is the case with collaborative repetitions discussed in chapter 5, and active backgrounding of information (forward-looking non-salience), which has drawn little attention in previous literature. It is important to distinguish imposed non-salience from imposed salience in the forward-looking dimension because, just as the speaker can intend certain entities to be more important than others, the speaker can also intend certain entities to be less important toward the development of the subsequent discourse. This active backgrounding must also be kept separate from natural decay in activation, which occurs when there is no continued reference to the information in the subsequent discourse. The discussion is based on the analysis of zero (post-nominal) marking of arguments and post-predicate placement of arguments in L1 Japanese conversation data.

This chapter reflects on some of the challenges surrounding the broader context of design. Strengthening intersectionality in systems design requires data not just concerning women but also gender minorities, that can be shared and analyzed; it requires ‘finding’ those who should be part of research and creating safe spaces for them. A feminist perspective encourages to prioritize the ‘personal’, recognizing it as a political act of resistance. At the heart of gender equality is the collective dimension of women’s citizenship and their social capital. Alliances in support of gender/social justice in design need to be built using strategies such as participatory infrastructuring and ‘institutioning’ but also acknowledging the importance of feminist trade unionism. The final points raised in this chapter are: how to connect with moves to decolonize discourses and practices of IT design; how to take a feminist perspective with regard to teaching; how to get funded and published; and how to challenge the business models of the software industry that undermine technical flexibility and make gender-sensitive design approaches difficult to implement on a larger scale.

This chapter provides an introductory overview of the recent emergence of facial recognition technologies (FRTs) into everyday societal contexts and settings. It provides valuable social, political, and economic context to the legal, ethical, and regulatory issues that surround this fast-growing area of technology development. In particular, the chapter considers a range of emerging ‘pro-social’ applications of FRT that have begun to be introduced across various societal domains - from the application of FRTs in retail and entertainment, through to the growing prevalence of one-to-one ID matching for intimate practices such as unlocking personal devices. In contrast to this seemingly steady acceptance of FRT in everyday life, the chapter makes a case for continuing to pay renewed attention to the everyday harms of these technologies in situ. The chapter argues that FRT remains a technology that should not be considered a benign addition to the current digital landscape. It is technology that requires continued critical attention from scholars working in the social, cultural, and legal domains.

This chapter argues that visual art played a generative role in the compositional processes of Vaughan Williams. His taste in painting was influenced by the art historians Bernard Berenson and Roger Fry, who lauded the formal simplicity of works by fifteenth-century Italian artists like Piero della Francesca, Fra Angelico, and Andrea Mantegna. The hymn tune ‘Mantegna’ was conceived as a ‘musical representation’ of that artist’s Agony in the Garden (c.1455–6, National Gallery, London). Reproductions of fifteenth-century paintings were displayed in the composer’s home, The White Gates, Dorking, from 1929.

English modernist painting developed rapidly after 1910. Among contemporary artists, Vaughan Williams particularly admired the work of the brothers Paul and John Nash. Their work has been described as ‘Neo-Romantic’, returning to the traditions of British landscape painting but with a modernist inflection. Vaughan Williams engaged directly with the visual legacies of the Romantic era in Job: A Masque for Dancing (1930), a musical response to William Blake’s Illustrations of the Book of Job (1826). Blake’s images were vividly translated into sets and costumes by wood engraver Gwendolen Raverat. The production represented a masterly fusion of visual and musical elements.

Chapter 3 carries out a critical review of environmental strategies, from reactive postures, such as pollution control, to the most proactive and advanced ones, such as pollution prevention and product stewardship. In doing so, the literature review shows the main theoretical streams used to frame different environmental strategic positionings, such as the institutional theory, the natural resource-based view, a new stakeholder theory or the microfoundations of strategy. To carry out a critical review of existing typologies of environmental strategies, they are deconstructed into their main features and dimensions following two research traditions: strategy (defenders, prospectors, analysers and reactors) and innovation (exploitation, exploration and ambidexterity). We conclude that these conventional approaches can be catalogued as ‘business-as-usual’ environmental strategies and finally present a disruptive alternative called the regenerative strategy.

There is no one clear path to scholarly success. A productive scholar might be raised by academic parents, or not; might have previously been an educator, or not; might have had a postdoctoral experience, or not; might be in a writing group, or not; might work extreme hours, or not; might be married to another academic, or not … Still, productive scholars share common means for finding their pathways to scholarly success, including curiosity, risk-taking, discovering one’s element, accumulating advantages, offsetting structural disadvantages, and keeping scholarly activities on one’s mind. Curiosity and risk taking help move scholars away from tired, well-worn topics toward the investigation of innovative and important topics, where they discover their element, carve out a unique research agenda, and make a name for themselves. Budding scholars seek advantages, such as research-rich institutions and influential mentors, that multiply and accumulate, smoothing the pathway to scholarly success. Some productive scholars face potentially debilitating structural barriers that could block their path but find ways to rise above the barriers and succeed regardless. Pathways to success are long, and productive scholars stay the course by keeping their scholarly work foremost on their minds.

The first and introductory chapter explains the necessity of this book, in other words, why it should be read. Several questions arise to illustrate this: If climate emergency is the grand challenge, why is so difficult to address it? Is it technically feasible? Economically? Trying to address it, we frame the current climate emergency as an extreme case of the well-known phenomenon of ‘the tragedy of the commons’. As a potential solution, we introduce a new disruptive business model and environmental strategy called ‘regenerative’, characterised by two main elements: (1) cutting-edge climate science solutions (capturing and utilising atmospheric carbon dioxide capable of producing net zero and even net negative emissions or positive environmental externalities); and (2) firm purpose redefinition under a new ecological, ethical and moral paradigm. Finally, a brief description of the book’s contents is presented.

The introduction provides the key features and argument, divided into six sections. Besides a discussion of creolisation as a concept, the introduction lays out the central tenets of this monograph. This book is about the practices of plant knowledge; that is, the knowing how, but not the knowing that. By looking at the interconnections between people, materials, and nature, this book argues that creolisation took place in the social, cultural, epistemological, and material terms that determined the application of knowledge. As a creolising process, the knowledge of plants derived from cultures all over the world was integrated into the emerging practices within the island space. The cultivators included the Europeans who had migrated to Mauritius by choice, settlers born there, labourers, and enslaved people brought in by forced migration. Unsurprisingly, the agricultural knowledge of these individuals varied widely. Consequently, cultivation turned out to be a complex process of creolising the expertise that had originated in the local populations of the plants’ native habitats with the varying degrees of horticultural knowledge of the people living in Mauritius.