We present a lepto-hadronic model for the VHE emission from the relativistic jets of FR I radiogalaxies. We assume that protons and electrons are accelerated in a compact region near the base of the jet, and they cool emitting multiwavelength radiation as they propagate along the jet. The particle distributions are obtained using an inhomogeneous steady-state transport equation that accounts for the cooling processes as well as the convection of particles in the jet. The dominant processes that contribute to the photon SED are electron and proton synchrotron radiation, inverse Compton interactions, and the inelastic collisions pp and pγ. The accompanying neutrino output is obtained and the possibility of detection with Km3Net and IceCube is discussed for the cases of Cen A and M87.

The meeting started at 14h00. The president welcomed the participants to the business meeting of C27, and acknowledged the members of the Organizing Committee. Special thanks were expressed to the outgoing members: Conny Aerts, Peter Martinez, and Seetha Somasundaram.

We study the evolution of magnetic shear angle in a flare productive active region NOAA 10930. The magnetic shear angle is defined as the deviation in the orientation of the observed magnetic field vector with respect to the potential field vector. The shear angle is measured in horizontal as well as vertical plane. The former is computed by taking the difference between the azimuth angles of the observed and potential field and is called the twist-shear, while the latter is computed by taking the difference between the inclination angles of the observed and potential field and is called the dip-shear. The evolution of the two shear angles is then tracked over a small region located over the sheared penumbra of the delta sunspot in NOAA 10930. We find that, while the twist-shear shows an increasing trend after the flare the dip-shear shows a significant drop after the flare.

We describe a CME event, occurred in NOAA 11059 on April 3 2010, using STEREO and MDI/SOHO data. We analyze the CME evolution using data provided by SECCHI-EUVI and COR1 onboard STEREO satellites, and we perform a 3D reconstruction of the CME using the LCT-TP method. Using MDI/SOHO line-of-sight magnetograms we analyze the magnetic configuration of NOAA 11059 and we determine the magnetic helicity trend.

Forming stars emit a significant amount of radiation into their natal environment. While the importance of radiation feedback from high-mass stars is widely accepted, radiation has generally been ignored in simulations of low-mass star formation. I use ORION, an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) three-dimensional gravito-radiation-hydrodynamics code, to model low-mass star formation in a turbulent molecular cloud. I demonstrate that including radiation feedback has a profound effect on fragmentation and protostellar multiplicity. Although heating is mainly confined within the core envelope, it is sufficient to suppress disk fragmentation that would otherwise result in low-mass companions or brown dwarfs. As a consequence, turbulent fragmentation, not disk fragmentation, is likely the origin of low-mass binaries.

Recently, we presented the detection of carbon monoxide in the transmission spectrum of extrasolar planet HD209458b, using CRIRES, the Cryogenic high-resolution Infrared Echelle Spectrograph at ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT). The high spectral resolution observations (R=100,000) provide a wealth of information on the planet's orbit, mass, composition, and even on its atmospheric dynamics. The new observational strategy and data analysis techniques open up a whole world of opportunities. We therefore started an ESO large program using CRIRES to explore these, targeting both transiting and non-transiting planets in carbon monoxide, water vapour, and methane. Observations of the latter molecule will also serve as a test-bed for METIS, the proposed mid-infrared imager and spectrograph for the European Extremely Large Telescope.

The three-dimensional visualization of redshift surveys is a key player in the comprehension of the structuration of the cosmic web. The SDvision software package, intended primarily for the visualization of massive cosmological simulations, has been extended to provide an interactive visual representation of different classes of redshift surveys, with the objective to enable direct comparisons between the rare highest-density peaks traced by the clusters of galaxies found in the XMM-LSS Survey and the densely populated catalogues of galaxy photometric redshifts. We present the various possibilities offered by this tool in terms of filtering of the data, reconstruction of density fields, interactivity and visual rendering, including various techniques such as ray-casting, isosurfaces, slicing and texturing. This is illustrated using the C1 and C2 samples of the XMM-LSS Survey, and the publicly released COSMOS and CFHTLS photometric redshift Catalogs. Comparisons with published results are presented and discussed.

We discuss the problem of turbulent dynamo and illustrate it through numerical simulations and few results from the VKS experiment.

The line driven- and rotation modulated-wind theory predicts an alternative slow solution, besides from the standard m-CAK solution, when the rotational velocity is close to the critical velocity. We study the behaviour of the winds of A-type supergiants (Asg) and show that under particular conditions, e.g., when the δ line-force parameter is about 0.25, the slow solution could exist over the whole star, even for the cases when the rotational speed is slow or zero. We discuss density and velocity profiles as well as possible observational conterparts.

Using the AMR code ENZO we are simulating the formation of massive star clusters within turbulent Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs). Here we discuss the simulations from the first stages of building realistic turbulent GMCs, to accurate star formation, and ultimately comprehensive feedback. These simulations aim to build a better understanding of how stars affect GMCs, helping to answer the questions of how long GMCs live and why only a small fraction of the GMC gas becomes stars.

Stellar populations carry information about the formation of galaxies and their evolution up to the present epoch. A wealth of observational data are available nowadays, which are analysed with stellar population models in order to obtain key properties such as ages, star formation histories, stellar masses. Differences in the models and/or in the assumptions regarding the star formation history affect the derived properties as much as differences in the data. I shall review the interpretation of high-redshift galaxy data from a model perspective. While data quality dominates galaxy analysis at the highest possible redshifts (z > 5), population modelling effects play the major part at lower redshifts. In particular, I discuss the cases of both star-forming galaxies at the peak of the cosmic star formation history as well as passive galaxies at redshift below 1 that are often used as cosmological probes. Remarks on the bridge between low and high-z massive galaxies conclude the contribution.

Thermal convection plays a very important role in the structure and evolution of stars, as it is one of the main physical processes that transport heat from their interior where it is released, to the surface where it is radiated into space. Much progress has been achieved in modeling that process during the past 60 years, and I shall recall here how Juri Toomre has greatly contributed to it.

Heating and acceleration of heavy ions in the solar wind and corona represent a long-standing theoretical problem in space physics and are distinct experimental signatures of kinetic processes occurring in collisionless plasmas. To address this problem, we propose the use of a low-noise hybrid-Vlasov code in four dimensional phase space (1D in physical space and 3D in velocity space) configuration. We trigger a turbulent cascade injecting the energy at large wavelengths and analyze the role of kinetic effects along the development of the energy spectra. Following the evolution of both proton and α distribution functions shows that both the ion species significantly depart from the maxwellian equilibrium, with the appearance of beams of accelerated particles in the direction parallel to the background magnetic field.

3D-MHD numerical simulations of bipolar, hypersonic, weakly magnetized jets and synthetic synchrotron observations are presented to study the structure and evolution of magnetic fields in FR II radio sources. The magnetic field setup in the jet is initially random. The power of the jets as well as the observational viewing angle are investigated. We find that synthetic polarization maps agree with observations and show that magnetic fields inside the sources are shaped by the jets' backflow. Polarimetry statistics correlates with time, the viewing angle and the jet-to-ambient density contrast. The magnetic structure inside thin elongated sources is more uniform than for ones with fatter cocoons. Jets increase the magnetic energy in cocoons, in proportion to the jet velocity. Both, filaments in synthetic emission maps and 3D magnetic power spectra suggest that turbulence develops in evolved sources.

We present the results of a recent survey of cool, late-type supergiants - the descendants of massive O- and B-type stars - that has systematically detected magnetic fields in these stars using spectropolarimetric observations obtained with ESPaDOnS at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Our observations reveal detectable, often complex, Stokes V Zeeman signatures in Least-Squares Deconvolved mean line profiles in a significant fraction of the observed sample of ~30 stars.

During the commission business session, the past President presented the new Organizing Committee which was selected by the OC through a e-mail vote conducted during the months before the Rio de Janeiro General Assembly. The new OC will consist of Ignasi Ribas (President), Mercedes Richards (Vice President), and Slavek Rucinski (Past President) with the members: David Bradstreet, Petr Harmanec, Janusz Kaluzny, Joanna Mikolajewska, Ulisse Munari, Panos Niarchos, Katalin Olah, Theo Pribulla, Colin Scarfe and Guillermo Torres.

Using Hinode SP and G-band observations, we examined the relationship between magnetic field structure and penumbral length as well as Evershed flow speed. The latter two are positively correlated with magnetic inclination angle or horizontal field strength within 1.5 kilogauss, which is in agreement with recent magnetoconvective simulations of Evershed effect. This work thus provides direct observational evidence supporting the magnetoconvection nature of penumbral structure and Evershed flow in the presence of strong and inclined magnetic field.

Extrasolar super-Earths likely have a far greater diversity in their atmospheric properties than giant planets. Super-Earths (planets with masses between 1 and 10 M⊕) lie in an intermediate mass regime between gas/ice giants like Neptune and rocky terrestrial planets like Earth and Venus. While some super-Earths (especially the more massive ones) may retain large amounts of hydrogen either from accretion processes or subsequent surface outgassing, other super-Earths should have atmospheres composed of predominantly heavier molecules, similar to the atmospheres of the rocky planets and moons of our Solar System. Others still may be entirely stripped of their atmospheres and remain as bare rocky cores. Of the two currently known transiting super-Earths one (GJ 1214b) likely falls into the former category with a thick atmosphere, while the other (CoRoT-7b) falls into the latter category with a very thin or nonexistent atmosphere. I review some of the theoretical work on super-Earth atmospheres, and I present methods for determining the bulk composition of a super-Earth atmosphere.

We reflect upon a few of the research challenges in stellar convection and dynamo theory that are likely to be addressed in the next five or so years. These deal firstly with the Sun and continuing study of the two boundary layers at the top and bottom of its convection zone, namely the tachocline and the near-surface shear layer, both of which are likely to have significant roles in how the solar dynamo may be operating. Another direction concerns studying core convection and dynamo action within the central regions of more massive A, B and O-type stars, for the magnetism may have a key role in controlling the winds from these stars, thus influencing their ultimate fate. Such studies of the interior dynamics of massive stars are becoming tractable with recent advances in codes and supercomputers, and should also be pursued with some vigor.