The individual in international law — Extradition — Conditions of extradition — Extraditable crimes — Condition of double criminality — Application — Whether necessary to examine law of the requesting State — Whether legal qualification, name or ingredients of the offence in the law of the requesting State relevant — Procedure of extradition — Form of the order — Necessity of specifying the offence — The law of Ireland

International law in general — Relation to municipallaw — Jurisdiction — Relevance of international law principles regarding jurisdiction in interpreting legislation — The law of the United States

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — United States corporation induced to buy shares in English company on London stock exchange — Purchase induced by representations made in United Kingdom and United States and by transatlantic telephone call — Whether covered by United States Securities and Exchange Act — Jurisdiction of United States courts — The law of the United States

International law in general — Sources — Customary international law — Equity and equitable principles — New accepted trends of United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea — Adjudication ex aequo et bono distinguished — Informal composite negotiating text of the draft Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Relevance of Petroleum Law 1955 and oil concessions

State territory — Parts of — Boundaries — Land boundaries — Relevance of land boundary to delimitation of continental shelf — Adjacent States — Land frontier at Ras Ajdir — Coast to shelf ratio

State territory — Parts of — Boundaries — Water boundaries — Boundary of continental shelf — Delimitation between adjacent States — Equitable principles and special circumstances — Equidistance — Importance of geographical circumstances — Relevance of coastline — Islands — Coast to shelf ratio

State territory — Parts of — Territorial, waters — Breadth and delimitation of the maritime belt — Dispute between two adjacent States — Base lines — Islands

State territory — Parts of — Territorial waters — Coasting trade and fisheries — Historic fishing rights — Relevance to delimitation of continental shelf

State territory — Parts of — Islands — Whether Jerba and Kerkennahs relevant to delimitation of continental shelf — Whether termination of shelf boundary line to be stipulated — Future claims by Malta

Treaties — Interpretation of — Consideration of preparatory work Draft Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982

Disputes — International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — Competence — Special agreement between the parties — Whether specific method of delimitation requested

Disputes — International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — The law applicable — Special agreement between the parties Article 1 — Equity — Application of equitable principles distinguished from adjudication ex aequo et bono

Disputes — International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — Judgment — Special agreement between the parties — Article 1 — Court asked to specify only principles of delimitation — Specification of practical application

State territory — Parts of — Continental Shelf — Boundaries — Delimitation — Adjacent States — Equitable principles and special circumstances — Geneva Convention on Continental? — Whether identical with adjudication ex aequo et bono — Judgment — Delimitation principles — Practical application

State responsibility — Kinds of — Interference with property — Devaluation of currency — Devaluation of Imperial Russian roubles by Soviet Government — Whether a violation of international law — Relevance of denial of justice or discrimination.

Aliens — Refugees — Deportation — Association with terrorist organization — Whether constituting a danger to the security of Canada — Relationship between security of Canada and security of other States — Whether association with group engaged in terrorism in Sri Lanka sufficient to constitute danger to the security of Canada — Human rights limitations on refoulement — Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951

Human rights — Freedom from torture — Due process — Prohibition on refoulement to State where individual at serious risk of torture — Whether prohibition absolute — Whether to be balanced against national security considerations — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 7 — United Nations Human Rights Committee General Comment No 20 — Convention against Torture, 1984, Article 3 — Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951, Article 33

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Treaty not part of Canadian law unless implemented by legislation — International law and principles as aid to construction of legislation

Terrorism — Nature of terrorism — Definition — International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, 1999 — International nature of terrorism — Whether terrorist threat to one State also indirectly endangers another — The law of Canada

Damages — In General — Award of — Whether a Necessary Consequence of a Breach of International Obligation.

Breach of International Obligation without Actual Loss — Responsibility of States — When Engaged — Administrative Acts Inconsistent with International Obligations — Damages — Article 9 of Protocol XII of the Treaty of Lausanne — Obligations of a Mandatory State.

Treaties — Ratification by conduct of parties — Whether States free to vary or modify previous unimplemented agreements — Nehru-Noon Agreement between India and Pakistan regarding exchange of certain enclaves, 1958 — Amendment to Constitution enacted to effect transfer but not implemented — Subsequent agreement between India and Bangladesh in 1974 — Understanding in 1982 making certain clarifications in respect of 1974 agreement — Whether ratification of earlier agreement of 1974 by conduct of parties

Territory — Cession — Servitudes — Agreements between India and Bangladesh, 1974 and 1982, regarding exchange of enclaves — Bangladesh allowed to retain two enclaves of Dahagram and Angarpota — Enclaves encircled by Indian territory — Bangladesh given right of passage through Indian territory of Teen Bigha to enable Bangladesh to exercise sovereignty over the enclaves — Sovereignty over Teen Bigha retained by India — Whether cession of territory — Whether words “lease in perpetuity” amount to international servitude

Sources of international law — International practice and custom regarding right of passage — Sovereignty and the concept of interdependence of States — Enclaves in Bangladesh surrounded by Indian territory — Whether Bangladesh having a right of passage through Indian territory — Military and para-military and police of Bangladesh also given a right of passage — Whether such concessions amounted to customary and self-imposed restraints on sovereignty — The law of India

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — State-owned corporation — National Iranian Gas Corporation — Claim by private company for contractual payment for gas pipeline protection system — Whether State-owned corporation entitled to jurisdictional immunity — Whether any material distinction between sovereign activity and performance of public service — The law of France

Comity — Mutual judicial assistance — Respect for foreign laws — Request to foreign courts for examination of witnesses — Request for evidence regarding foreign legislation — Allegation that foreign legislation penal and discriminatory — Whether effect should be given to foreign legislation — Whether request for judicial assistance contrary to notions of comity

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Act of State and justiciability — Duty of courts of one State to give effect to laws of another — Exceptions to duty — The law of England

State territory — Nature of territorial sovereignty — National ship berthed in foreign port — Whether United States flag ship part of United States, its territories or possessions — Interpretation of provisions of insurance contract — The law of the United States of America.

State Succession — Succession Liabilities — Austrian Empire — Austrian Republic.

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Patents — Measures requested from French courts to assist in enforcing Belgian decision concerning infringement of Belgian patent of Belgian company by French firm — French patent of Belgian company cancelled — Principle of territoriality of patents — Union of Paris for the Protection of Industrial Property (Article 2) — National treatment — Inapplicability in respect of cancelled patent — Whether Belgian decisions in patent proceedings may be granted exequatur — Whether contrary to ordre public — Whether investigations in France to verify compliance with Belgian injunction may be ordered by French courts — The law of France

Treaties — Operation of — Continuity of States — Application in Holland of Treaties Concluded by Russia Prior to the Revolution of 1917 — Applicability of Hague Convention of 1905 on Civil Procedure to Citizens of U.S.S.R.

States — Continuity of — Application in Holland of Treaties Concluded by Russia Prior to Revolution of 1917 — Applicability of Hague Convention of 1905 on Civil Procedure to Citizens of U.S.S.R.

International organization — European Coal and Steel Community — Compensation payments to Belgianmines — Whether threat to reduce or withdraw compensation amounts to discrimination forbidden by Treaty.

International organization — European Coal and Steel Community — High Authority of — Competence of — Whether competent to fix selling price of Belgian coal — Absence of express power in Treaty — Whether competence may be implied — Convention containing Transitional Provisions, Section 26 — Détournement de pouvoir — Relevance of wrong motives — Primary and subsidiary aims — Effect of error.

Treatment of Aliens — Plea of Non-Discrimination — Application of So-called Valorisation to Aliens — Question of Reciprocity.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Over Ports and National Waters — Foreign Merchant Vessels — Smoking of Opium Distinguished from Possession of Opium.

State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Foreign government agencies — Exceptions to immunity — Commercial activity exception — Definition of criteria of commercial activity — United States Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976 — State agencies for development in the Republic of Ireland — Failure of business enterprise established under agreement with State instrumentalities — Jurisdiction of United States courts

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Effect in municipal law — Whether treaty provision a waiver of immunity

Treaties — Effect in municipal law — State immunity — Treaty provision as waiver of immunity — Republic of Ireland-United States Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, 1950, Article XV(3) — The law of the United States

Belligerent Occupation — Judicial Functions of Occupant — Power of Occupant to Hear Appeals from Judgments Delivered before Occupation — Officer of Occupying Forces Deciding Appeal in Absence of Civil Courts — Articles 23 [h] and 43 of the Hague Regulations, 1907 — The Law of Sarawak.

Laws of War — Subjects of — Civilians as Authors of War Crimes — Civilians Guilty of Killing Prisoners of War.

Prisoners of War — Treatment of — Duty of Guards to Protect Prisoners against Acts of Violence — Civilians Guilty of Killing Prisoners of War.

Territory — Title — Native tide — Mabo v. Queensland (No 2) — Common law recognizing native title in relation to land — Native Tide Act 1993 (Commonwealth) — Section 223(1) of Act — Criteria for determination of native title — Section 6 of Act — Territorial application — Whether native tide existing over marine areas

Sea — Tide — Native tide rights and interests — Whether native tide existing offshore — Mabo v. Queensland (No 2) — Relevance of common law — Native Title Act 1993 (Commonwealth) — Section 223(1) of Act — Section 6 of Act — Interpretation of Act — Whether native tide rights and interests in relation to sea — Whether common law recognizing rights and interests over sea and seabed — Whether native title rights and interests enforceable under Australian legal system — Whether native title rights and interests in relation to sea conferring exclusive possession, occupation, use and enjoyment of sea and seabed in claimed area

Sea — Territorial sea — Sovereignty — Great Britain acquiring sovereignty over Northern Territory in 1824 — Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 — Seas and Submerged Lands Case 1975 — Subsequent legislation — Relevance of radical title to offshore native title rights and interests — Extent of Australia’s territorial sea — Whether common law recognizing native title rights over sea claimed by indigenous peoples

Relationship of international law and municipal law — International principles — New source of law to resolve ambiguous municipal law — International law influencing development of common law — Australia party to International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination — Convention given effect by Federal Parliament

Human rights — Property rights — Legal rights of indigenous people to sea — Universal human rights — Elimination of racial discrimination — Australian indigenous peoples — Preservation of traditional society and culture — Need to protect indigenous land and resources — The law of Australia