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The naval power of the Yuan dynasty

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2017

Gakusho Nakajima
Affiliation:
University of Kyushu, Japan
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Summary

ABSTRACT. The author examines the naval power of the Yuan Mongol dynasty in the second half of the 13th century. He compares the defensive fleet of the Song in South China to the offensive fleet of the Yuan and retraces the conquest of South China between 1268 and 1279. He describes the second invasion of Japan (given that the first one in 1274 was only a trial run) in 1281 that failed due to a violent typhoon destroying most of the ships. Underwater archeological finds in Takashima have revealed a great deal about the Yuan fleet. The Yuan incorporated Song ships and built their ships too hastily judging from the remnants discovered (anchors, nails, structural timber). Khubilai khan organized equally unfruitful expeditions against Champa, Annam, and Java.

RÉSUMÉ. L'auteur s'intéresse à la puissance navale de la dynastie mongole des Yuan dans la seconde moitié du XIIIe siècle. Il oppose d'abord la flotte défensive des Song de la Chine du Sud à la flotte offensive des Yuan et retrace l'histoire de la conquête de la Chine du Sud entre 1268 et 1279. Puis il décrit la seconde invasion du Japon (la première en 1274 n'a été qu'un coup d'essai) en 1281, mise en échec par un violent typhon qui détruit la majorité des navires utilisés. Les fouilles sous-marines menées à Takashima permettent de mieux connaître la flotte des Yuan, qui ont incorporé des navires des Song et construit trop hâtivement des navires peu solides, à en juger par les objets recueillis (ancres, clous, bois de charpente). Khubilai khan organisa des expéditions tout aussi infructueuses contre Champa, l'Annam et Java.

The period of about 300 years from the early 12th century to the early 15th century was the golden age of China's naval power. The southern Song dynasty assembled an enormous naval fleet to confront the northern nomadic powers, namely, the Jurchens and the Mongols. The Yuan dynasty of the Mongols, having finally conquered the Song, took over the Song naval fleet and further expanded it.

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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