For closed subgroups L and R of a compact Lie group G, a left L-space X, and an L-equivariant continuous map $A:X\to G/R$, we introduce the twisted action of the equivariant cohomology $H_R^{\bullet }(\mathrm {pt},\Bbbk )$ on the equivariant cohomology $H_L^{\bullet }(X,\Bbbk )$. Considering this action as a right action, $H_L^{\bullet }(X,\Bbbk )$ becomes a bimodule together with the canonical left action of $H_L^{\bullet }(\mathrm {pt},\Bbbk )$. Using this bimodule structure, we prove an equivariant version of the Künneth isomorphism. We apply this result to the computation of the equivariant cohomologies of Bott–Samelson varieties and to a geometric construction of the bimodule morphisms between them.

Is the working capital channel big, and does it vary across industries? To answer this question, I estimate a dynamic stochastic macro-finance model using firm-level data. In aggregate, I find a partial channel —about three-fourths of firms’ labor bill are borrowed. However, the strength of this channel varies across industries, reaching as low as one-half for retail firms and as high as one for agriculture and construction. This provides evidence that monetary policy could have varying effects across industries through the working capital channel.

The Khmer Rouge period had a hugely negative impact on the knowledge and practices of Khmer divination. At present, Khmer divination and astrology has been revitalized with many forms of it being embedded in people’s everyday lives in both rural and urban settings, such as in the capital Phnom Penh. With the re-emergence of numerological fortune-telling, Khmer practitioners are now turning to Thai numerological books, such as ‘Patithin Neung Roi Pee (100-year calendar)’, ‘Tamra Phromachati’, and ‘Tamra Plu Luang’ to supplement the diminished body of traditional Khmer knowledge that survived the war. This paper aims to explore how Cambodia divinatory and astrologicalauthority have been revitalized and reinvented through that of their Thai counterparts within the flows of globalization and modernity.

This article reports on the archaeological survey of a (military) fort and (trade) caravanserai at Khirbet al-Khalde in southern Jordan, along the eastern Roman frontier. The results reveal the site's resilience and destruction up until the present day and the need for monitoring of threats to its preservation.

Hegel's Philosophy of History can be characterized as Eurocentric and one finds in it many problematic passages, and even racist statements, as well as a legitimization of colonialism which is presented as a means of education (Bildung). Nevertheless, this article argues that it is possible to reject such judgements and at the same time hold on to the basic intention of Hegel's theories of freedom and Bildung. While the concept of freedom as self-determination is certainly applied in a Eurocentric manner by Hegel in his Philosophy of History, this concept is not Eurocentric at its core. To understand this ‘core’, one has to go back to Hegel's logic of the concept, which finally leads me to a concept of ‘concrete Bildung’. The struggles for self-determination of the colonized peoples must be understood in terms of a further development of the realization of the concept of freedom. If one wants to think Hegel's Philosophy of History meaningfully beyond Hegel's own time, one is inevitably led to the necessity of a liberation of the colonized, for there is a need for a further extension of the consciousness of freedom that actually is inclusive. This demand is contained in Hegel's thought itself, but it still remains abstract with him and must therefore be developed beyond him.

We present a linearity theorem for a proof language of intuitionistic multiplicative additive linear logic, incorporating addition and scalar multiplication. The proofs in this language are linear in the algebraic sense. This work is part of a broader research program aiming to define a logic with a proof language that forms a quantum programming language.

The Weng'an Biota from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in Guizhou Province, southwestern China, is known for its three-dimensionally phosphatized acritarchs, multicellular algae, and embryo-like animal fossils. Among these diverse microfossils, acanthomorphic acritarchs have played a significant role in the biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the lower-middle Ediacaran System. However, most previous studies on the biostratigraphy of the Doushantuo Formation in the Weng'an area have focused on large acanthomorphic acritarchs (LAAs, vesicle diameter >200 μm), whereas the smaller acanthomorphic acritarchs (SAAs, vesicle diameter <100 μm) from the Weng'an Biota have been largely overlooked. In this study, we examined >500 thin sections and discovered a large number of well-preserved, small (<100 μm) and medium-sized acanthomorphic acritarchs (MAAs, vesicle diameter ranging 100–200 μm). In total, we have identified SAAs in four genera and six species (Tanarium conoideum Kolosova, 1991, emend. Moczydłowska et al., 1993; Tanarium elegans Liu et al., 2014; Mengeosphaera membranifera Shang, Liu, and Moczydłowska, 2019; Mengeosphaera minima Liu et al., 2014; Estrella recta Liu and Moczydłowska, 2019; Variomargosphaeridium gracile Xiao et al., 2014), as well as two types of MAAs (Tanarium tuberosum Moczydłowska, Vidal, and Rudavskaya, 1993, emend. Moczydłowska, 2015; Weissiella cf. W. grandistella Vorob'eva, Sergeev, and Knoll, 2009, emend. Liu and Moczydłowska, 2019). This updated acritarch assemblage of the Weng'an Biota is valuable for correlating the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation between the Weng'an and Yangtze Gorges areas. It also serves as a tool to test the proposed acritarch biozones in Ediacaran formations of South China and other localities, including Australia, Siberia, and the East European Platform.

Particulate flows at moderate particle Reynolds numbers are important in critical engineering and geological applications. This experimental study explores neutrally buoyant suspensions in an outer-rotating coaxial rheometer for solid fractions, $\phi$, from 0.1 to 0.5, and particle Reynolds number, $Re$, from 0.5 to 800, covering laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes; $Re$ is defined in terms of the square of the particle diameter and the shear rate. For $0.1 < \phi < 0.4$ and $0.5 < Re <10$, the direct torque measurements normalised by the laminar flow torque, $M/M_{lam}$, are independent of $Re$, but depend on $\phi$. For the same range of $\phi$ and for $10< Re<100$, the normalised torques depend on both $\phi$ and $Re$, and show an increasing dependence on $Re$. As $Re$ increases, the flow transitions to turbulence. Small particles delay the turbulent transition for $\phi \leqslant 0.3$, while large particles augment the transition. A modified Reynolds number, $Re^\prime$, that depends linearly on the particle diameter and the maximum velocity, $U_{o}$, is introduced for both laminar and turbulent flows and shows a better correlation of the results as compared with $Re$. For $\phi = 50\,\%$, the normalised torque minus the torque at zero rotational speed is nearly independent of $Re^\prime$. Rheological models based on $Re^\prime$ and the Krieger–Dougherty relative viscosity are proposed in the laminar regime for $10< Re^\prime <500$; in the turbulent regime, a correlation is proposed in terms of $Re^\prime$ and $\phi$ for $1000< Re^\prime < 6000$.

We investigate by direct numerical simulations the fluid–solid interaction of non-dilute suspensions of spherical particles moving in triperiodic turbulence, at the relatively large Reynolds number of $Re_\lambda \approx 400$. The solid-to-fluid density ratio is varied between $1.3$ and $100$, the particle diameter $D$ is in the range $16 \le D/\eta \le 123$ ($\eta$ is the Kolmogorov scale) and the volume fraction of the suspension is $0.079$. Turbulence is sustained using the Arnold–Beltrami–Childress cellular-flow forcing. The influence of the solid phase on the largest and energetic scales of the flow changes with the size and density of the particles. Light and large particles modulate all scales in an isotropic way, while heavier and smaller particles modulate the largest scales of the flow towards an anisotropic state. Smaller scales are isotropic and homogeneous for all cases. The mechanism driving the energy transfer across scales changes with the size and the density of the particles. For large and light particles the energy transfer is only marginally influenced by the fluid–solid interaction. For small and heavy particles, instead, the classical energy cascade is subdominant at all scales, and the energy transfer is essentially driven by the fluid–solid coupling. The influence of the solid phase on the flow intermittency is also discussed. Besides, the collective motion of the particles and their preferential location in relation to properties of the carrier flow are analysed. The solid phase exhibits moderate clustering; for large particles the level of clustering decreases with their density, while for small particles it is maximum for intermediate values.

The Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898 is a family of primitive diplostomoid trematodes important for understanding the evolution of the superfamily Diplostomoidea. However, cyathocotylids remain poorly studied with the use of molecular techniques. In this study we sequenced the 5.8S + ITS2 region, 28S rRNA, and cox1 genes of two cyathocotylid species and obtained new morphological data on them. We propose Georduboisia nom. nov. instead of the preoccupied name Duboisia Szidat, 1936 (junior homonym of Duboisia Stremme, 1911). Adults of Georduboisia cf. teganuma (Ishii, 1935) and Paracoenogonimus ovatus Katsurada, 1914 were collected from fish-eating birds in the south of the European part of Russia. Georduboisia cf. teganuma was very similar to G. teganuma but differed from it in the shape of the testes. The 28S rRNA gene dataset provided the best-resolved phylogeny of the Cyathocotylidae to date. In the phylogram based on partial sequences of this gene, P. ovatus was close to members of Holostephanoides Dubois, 1983, Neogogatea Chandler & Rausch, 1947 and Gogatea Szidat, 1936. Georduboisia cf. teganuma clustered with members of Cyathocotyle Mühling, 1896 and Holostephanus Szidat, 1936. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5.8S + ITS2 dataset showed that adults of P. ovatus examined in our study were conspecific with the metacercariae from the musculature of fish collected in Hungary and Italy. It also revealed probable misidentifications of larvae and adults of cyathocotylids whose sequences are deposited in GenBank NCBI.

Language identification (LID) is a crucial preliminary process in the field of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) that involves the identification of a spoken language from audio samples. Contemporary systems that can process speech in multiple languages require users to expressly designate one or more languages prior to utilisation. The LID task assumes a significant role in scenarios where ASR systems are unable to comprehend the spoken language in multilingual settings, leading to unsuccessful speech recognition outcomes. The present study introduces convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN)-based LID, designed to operate on the mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) characteristics of audio samples. Furthermore, we replicate certain state-of-the-art methodologies, specifically the convolutional neural network (CNN) and Attention-based convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN with Attention), and conduct a comparative analysis with our CRNN-based approach. We conducted comprehensive evaluations on thirteen distinct Indian languages, and our model resulted in over 98 per cent classification accuracy. The LID model exhibits high-performance levels ranging from 97 per cent to 100 per cent for languages that are linguistically similar. The proposed LID model exhibits a high degree of extensibility to additional languages and demonstrates a strong resistance to noise, achieving 91.2 per cent accuracy in a noisy setting when applied to a European Language (EU) dataset.

An ultrasonic phased array system is introduced to study the three-dimensional (3-D) movement of a single bubble in a GaInSn alloy under a transverse magnetic field (MF), which is verified by bubble experiments in water. The 3-D motion trajectories of individual bubbles in the GaInSn are obtained under a horizontal MF. As the MF becomes stronger, the bubble successively oscillates in random directions (R mode), a direction perpendicular to the MF (V mode), a direction parallel to the MF (P mode) and finally it rises straight (S mode). The significant anisotropy of the oscillation directions at a moderate MF intensity may be due to the anisotropy of the vortex structure around the bubble. Furthermore, the oscillation amplitude gradually declines with increasing MF intensity until the bubble trajectory finally becomes a straight line. Our measurements allow us to specify the characteristic regions for the observed bubble modes in the $N-Eo-Re$ parameter space (N is the magnetic interaction parameter, Eo is the Eötvös number and Re is the Reynolds number). In addition, more detailed characteristics of bubble terminal velocity are revealed, showing that the bubble velocities are closely related to the motion modes. The increase in bubble velocity at a moderate MF intensity is caused by the weakening oscillation. At a high strength, the MF monotonically suppresses the rise velocity of the bubble with a fixed scaling law.

Amid resurgent geopolitical fissures and in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic, there is a growing awareness in the sector of the need for, and concern about, national and international collaboration in archaeological projects. This article reflects on present-day challenges for international collaboration in central Eurasian archaeology and furthers a much-needed discussion about (re)integrating local narratives with inter-regional trends in future research. Responsible and practical proposals for bridging collaborator differences in institutional or publishing obligations, language capacities and access to resources are discussed.

Essential minerals are cofactors for synthesis of neurotransmitters supporting cognition and mood. An 8-week fully-blind randomised controlled trial of multinutrients for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrated three times as many children (age 6–12) had significantly improved behaviour (‘treatment responders’) on multinutrients (54 %) compared with placebo (18 %). The aim of this secondary study was to evaluate changes in fasted plasma and urinary mineral concentrations following the intervention and their role as mediators and moderators of treatment response. Fourteen essential or trace minerals were measured in plasma and/or urine at baseline and week eight from eighty-six participants (forty-nine multinutrients, thirty-seven placebos). Two-sample t tests/Mann–Whitney U tests compared 8-week change between treatment and placebo groups, which were also evaluated as potential mediators. Baseline levels were evaluated as potential moderators, using logistic regression models with clinical treatment response as the outcome. After 8 weeks, plasma boron, Cr (in females only), Li, Mo, Se and vanadium and urinary iodine, Li and Se increased more with multinutrients than placebo, while plasma phosphorus decreased. These changes did not mediate treatment response. However, baseline urinary Li trended towards moderation: participants with lower baseline urinary Li were more likely to respond to multinutrients (P = 0·058). Additionally, participants with higher baseline Fe were more likely to be treatment responders regardless of the treatment group (P = 0·036.) These results show that multinutrient treatment response among children with ADHD is independent of their baseline plasma mineral levels, while baseline urinary Li levels show potential as a non-invasive biomarker of treatment response requiring further study.

This article approaches the Metapolitefsi as an international event and seeks to historicize the perceptions and concepts that drove Greek and Western policy-making after the fall of the junta. Its main argument is that from 1974 to 1976 and in conjunction with domestic democratization, a parallel process developed when it came to Greece's external relations, which entailed a significant reformulation of Greek foreign policy. The year 1974, then, should be seen as an important turning point not only in Greek domestic politics but in Greece's external relations as well. These two processes were mutually reinforcing and closely interdependent.

Econometricians have usefully separated study of estimation into identification and statistical components. Identification analysis, which assumes knowledge of the probability distribution generating observable data, places an upper bound on what may be learned about population parameters of interest with finite-sample data. Yet Wald’s statistical decision theory studies decision-making with sample data without reference to identification, indeed without reference to estimation. This paper asks if identification analysis is useful to statistical decision theory. The answer is positive, as it can yield an informative and tractable upper bound on the achievable finite-sample performance of decision criteria. The reasoning is simple when the decision-relevant parameter (true state of nature) is point-identified. It is more delicate when the true state is partially identified and a decision must be made under ambiguity. Then the performance of some criteria, such as minimax regret, is enhanced by randomizing choice of an action in a controlled manner. I find it useful to recast choice of a statistical decision function as selection of choice probabilities for the elements of the choice set.

The potential threshold for dietary energy intake (DEI) that might prevent protein-energy wasting (PEW) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain. The subjects were non-dialysis CKD patients aged ≥ 14 years who were hospitalised from September 2019 to July 2022. PEW was measured by subjective global assessment. DEI and dietary protein intake (DPI) were obtained by 3-d diet recalls. Patients were divided into adequate DEI group and inadequate DEI group according to DEI ≥ 30 or < 30 kcal/kg/d. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline were used in this study. We enrolled 409 patients, with 53·8 % had hypertension and 18·6 % had diabetes. The DEI and DPI were 27·63 (sd 5·79) kcal/kg/d and 1·00 (0·90, 1·20) g/kg/d, respectively. 69·2 % of participants are in the inadequate DEI group. Malnutrition occurred in 18·6 % of patients. Comparing with patients in the adequate DEI group, those in the inadequate DEI group had significantly lower total lymphocyte count, serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and a higher prevalence of PEW. For every 1 kcal/kg/d increase in DEI, the incidence of PEW was reduced by 12·0 % (OR: 0·880, 95 % CI: 0·830, 0·933, P < 0·001). There was a nonlinear curve relationship between DEI and PEW (overall P < 0·001), and DEI ≥ 27·6 kcal/kg/d may have a preventive effect on PEW in CKD. Low DPI was also significantly associated with malnutrition, but not when DEI was adequate. Decreased energy intake may be a more important factor of PEW in CKD than protein intake.